CHAPTER 9 - AIR-CONDITIONING CONTROLS

9-1.

A space thermostat regulates the damper in the cool-air supply duct and thus provides a variable air flow rate. Specify whether the damper should be normally open or normally closed and whether the thermostat is direct- or reverse-acting.

Answer: Use normally closed damper and reverse-acting thermostat since as the space temperature increases the volume rate of air will increase the pressure will reduce. 9-2. On the outdoor-air control system of Example 9-4, add the necessary features to close the outdoor-air damper to the minimum position when the outdoor temperature rises above 24 C.

Answer: Add a diverting relay. Pressure will divert to 68 kPa (20 %) minimum position when the outdoor temperature rises above 24 C.

9-3. The temperature transmitter in an air-temperature controller has a range of 8 to 30 C through which range the pressure output change from 20 to 100 kPa. If the gain of the receiver-controller is set at 2 to 1 and the spring range of the cooling-water valve the controller regulates is 28 to 55 kPa, what is the throttling range of this control? Solution: Output of temperature transmitter = (100 -20 kPa) / (30 - 8 C) = 3.6364 kPa/K Throttling Range = (55 kPa - 28 kPa) / [(2)(3.6364 kPa/K)] Throttling Range = 3.7 K . . . Ans. 9-4 The air supply for a laboratory (Fig. 9-29) consists of a preheat coil, humifidier, cooling coil, and heating coil. The space is to be maintained at 24 C, 50 percent relative humidity the year round, while the outdoor supply air may vary in relative humidity between 10 and 60 percent and the temperature from -10 to 35 C. The spring ranges available for the valves are 28 to 55 and 62 to 90 kPa. Draw the control diagram, adding any additional components needed, specify the action of the thermostat(s) and humidistat, the spring ranges of the valves, and whethet they are normally open or n ormally closed.

Answer: Spring range = 28 to 55 kPa = 62 to 90 kPa

(a)

Limitiations:

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CHAPTER 9 - AIR-CONDITIONING CONTROLS

Use preheat coil when space temperature is less than 24 C. Use humidifier when space relative humidity is less than 50 percent. Use cooling coil when space temperature is greater than 24 C. Use reheat coil when space relative humidity is greater than 5- percent. (b) Valves. Preheat coil and reheat coil has normally open valves. Humidifier has normally closed valves. Cooling coils has normally closed valves. (c) Action Action of thermostat is to control temperature by preheat coil and cooling coil. Action of humidistat is to control temperature by humidifier and reheat coil. Control diagram

(d)

9-5.

A face-and-bypass damper assembly at a cooling coil is sometimes used in humid climates to achieve greater dehumidification for a given amount of sensible cooling, instead of permitting all the air to pass over the cooling coil. Given the hardware in Fig. 9-30, arrange the control system to regulate the temperature at 24 C and the relative humidity at 50 percent. If both the temperature and humidity cannot be maintained simultaneously, the temperature control should override the humidity control. The spring ranges available for the valve and damper are 28 to 55 and 48 to 76 kPa. Draw the control diagram and specify the action of the thermostat and humidistat, whether the valve is normally open or normally closed, and which damper is normally closed.

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CHAPTER 9 - AIR-CONDITIONING CONTROLS

Answer: By-pass damper is normally open, Face damper is normally open. Chilled water valve is normally open. Damper operator is normally open Chilled water valve opens when space temperature is greater than 24 C. Chilled water valve closes when space temperature is less than 24 C. Damper operator is closing when the relative humidity is greater than 50 percent. Damper operator is opening when the relative humidity is less than 50 percent. Damper operator is opening the by-pass damper while closing the face damper from N.O. position.

Diagrams.

When temperatue control override the humidity control. 1. Chilled water valve closing when temperature is less than 24 C and opeing when temperature is greater than 24 C.

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CHAPTER 9 - AIR-CONDITIONING CONTROLS

2. Damper is closing when the temperature is less than 24 C and opening when temperature is greater than 24 C.

9-6.

Section 9-18 described the flow characteristics of a coil regulated by a valve with linear characteristics. The equation of the flow-steam position for another type of valve mentioned in Sec. 9-18, the equal-percentage valve, is

Q C v p

= Ax

where x =

percent of stem stroke 1 100

If such a valve with an A value of 20 and a Cv of 1.2 is applied to controlling the coil in Fig. 9-25 with Dcoil = 2.5Q2 and the total pressure drop across the valve and coil of 80 kPa, what is the flowrate when the valve stem stroke is at the halfway position? (Compare with a linear-characteristic valve in Fig. 9-27.) Solution:

p = 80 kPa 2.5Q 2 Cv = 1.2 A = 20 at percent of stem stroke = 50 %. 50 x= 1 = 0.5 100 Q = Ax C v p

Q 1.2 80 2.5Q
2

= 20 - 0.5

Q = 0.26833 80 2.5Q 2 Q = 2.21 L/s - - - Ans. Comparing to linear-characteristic valve in Fig. 9-27. percent stroke Q= C v p 100 50 Q= (1.2) 80 2.5Q 2 100 Q = 3.893 L/s > 2.21 L/s -000-

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