Code: 9A21603

B.Tech III Year II Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, April/May 2013 AEROSPACE PROPULSION - II (Aeronautical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70 Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** Explain difference between impulse and reaction blading of gas turbines with velocity triangles. (a) (b) Enumerate various limiting factors that may have to be encountered in the design of a gas turbine. Discuss in detail various methods employed in cooling the gas turbine blades. Mention the relative advantages and disadvantages of these methods. Describe various commonly employed thrust augmentation methods in jet propulsion, with the help of neat sketches. Bring out the scope of utilization of the individual methods. Illustrate the difference in combustion phenomenon of RAMJET and SCRAMJET engines with neat sketches and their limitations. Define the following terms related to rocket performance: (i) Specific impulse. (ii) Total impulse. (iii) Characteristic velocity. (iv) Average velocity. (v) Mass ratio. (a) (b) 7 (a) (b) What do you understand by burning rate of solid propellant? Explain the various factors influencing the burning rate of a solid propellant. Discuss composite and double base solid propellants with examples. Describe the working principle of a liquid propellant rocket engine and mention its advantages over the solid propellant type rocket motor. Discuss various cooling procedures adopted in the operation of a liquid propellant rocket engine. Write short notes on the following methods employed in rocket technology: Ion propulsion technique. Nozzleless expansion. Solar sail. Electric rocket propulsion. *****

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Code: 9A21603

B.Tech III Year II Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, April/May 2013 AEROSPACE PROPULSION - II (Aeronautical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70 Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** The following particulars of a single stage turbine of free vortex are given below: Total head inlet pressure = 4.6 bar, total head inlet temperature = 7000C, static head pressure at mean radius = 1.6 bar, mean blade diameter/blade height = 10, nozzle loss coefficient = 0.10, nozzle outlet angle = 28 determine tha gas temperature, velocities, and discharge angle at the blade root and tip radii. Take Cp = 1.147, = 1.33 and mass flow rate = 20 kg/s. Explain the three-dimensional flow in axial flow compressor and derive the free vortex condition. What does free vortex condition signify? Explain the concept of thrust reversing using clamshell reverse type of arrangement with neat sketch. Draw a schematic diagram of ramjet engine and describe its operation. What are its advantages and disadvantages? (a) (b) Derive the rocket equation under standard conditions of operation of the rocket. Write about the following parameters related to the operation of a chemical rocket engine. (i) Thrust chamber pressure. (ii) Thrust chamber temperature. (iii) Characteristic velocity, and (iv) Effective velocity. Discuss the effects of propellant temperature and combustion pressure on the combustion rates of solid propellant. Explain the terms gas generation rate, and surface recession rate associated with the combustion process in a solid propellant rocket motor. Discuss major components of a liquid propellant engine with the help of neat sketches. Write a short note on combustion instabilities associated with the operation of a combustion chamber of a liquid propellant rocket engine. Explain the basic concepts of electrostatic and magnetic confinement fusion based rocket propulsion system. Write a short note on beamed energy propulsion. *****

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Code: 9A21603

B.Tech III Year II Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, April/May 2013 AEROSPACE PROPULSION - II (Aeronautical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70 Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** A multi-stage gas turbine is to be designed with impulse stages, and is to be operated with an inlet pressure and temperature of 6 bar and 900 K respectively and an outlet pressure of 1 bar. The isentropic efficiency of the turbine is 85 . All the stages are required to have a nozzle outlet angle of 150. Also, they have equal outlet & inlet blade angles and equal inlet & outlet gas angles. Mean blade speed is equal to 250 m/s. Assuming Cp = 1.15 kJ/kgs and = 1.333, estimate the number of stages required. (a) (b) What are the types of turbine blade stages? Explain each. Why turbine blade cooling is required? Explain the types of turbine blade cooling methods and what are the materials required for the blade cooling. What is flame holder? How it is going improve the performance of afterburner. Explain the losses with neat sketches and plots. (a) (b) Discuss various types of high speed propulsion systems and their operating principles with the help of neat sketches. Define the terms specific thrust, specific impulse, internal efficiency, and propulsive efficiency relating to high speed propulsion systems performance. Derive the rocket equation under standard conditions of operation of the rocket. Write about the following parameters related to the operation of a chemical rocket engine. (i) Thrust chamber pressure (ii) Thrust chamber temperature (iii) Characteristic velocity, and (iv) Effective velocity. Explain briefly about the following terms in view of solid propellant rockets: Design of propellant grain. Erosive burning. Chugging. Screaming. Write briefly about the different types of liquid propellant feed systems. Explain with neat sketches. Classify electric propulsion systems. Elaborate bombardment ionization with neat sketch. *****

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Code: 9A21603

B.Tech III Year II Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, April/May 2013 AEROSPACE PROPULSION - II (Aeronautical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70 Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** Describe the velocity triangles for one axial flow turbine stage with the help of a diagram and derive expression for stage work output in terms of the gas angles associated with the rotor blade. Write a note on the application and utility of an afterburner in a turbo-jet engine. Explain the complete thermodynamics of the unit. Plot variation of pressure, temperature and velocity across the cross-section of the engine. (a) (b) 4 (a) (b) 5 What is thrust augmentation and explain its application. Compare merits and demerits of various methods with their limitations. Can we use thrust augmentation for rocket engines. Justify your statement. What is meant by residence time? How to improve the residence time of flow in SCRAMJET combustor? What are the present challenges of SCRAMJET? Explain briefly about them. Consider a rocket engine burning hydrogen and oxygen; the combustion chamber pressure and temperature are 25 atm and 3517 K, respectively. The area of the rocket nozzle throat is 0.1 m2. The area of the exit is designed so that the exit pressure exactly equals ambient pressure at a standard altitude of 30 km where pressure is 1.173 x 10-2 N/m2 and temperature is 885.3 K. For the gas mixture, assume that = 1.22 and the molecular weight = 16. Calculate (a) Specific impulse (b) Thrust (c) Area of the exit (d) Flow mach number at exit. Explain the following in detail related to thermo-chemical analysis of combustion. Equilibrium energy balance and mass balance. Equilibrium composition and re-composition. Combustion efficiency. Explain the commonly employed methods to store, feed, control, inject and ignite the propellant in a liquid propellant rocket engine with neat sketches. (a) (b) Write a short note on solar generators that provide electric power supply to space flight electric thrusters. Write a short note on Magnetic Plasma Dynamic (MPD) electro-magnetic thruster and its working principle. *****

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