5.

3 The manager of a large computer network has developed the following probability distribution of the number of interruptions per day:

a. Compute the expected number of interruptions per day. x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 SUM p(x) 0.32 0.35 0.18 0.08 0.04 0.02 0.01 1 x * p(x) 0 0.35 0.36 0.24 0.16 0.1 0.06 1.27 x^2 * p(x) 0 0.35 0.72 0.72 0.64 0.5 0.36 3.29

Mean () of a probability distribution is *x*p(x)+ = 1.27 b. Compute the standard deviation. Variance (s^2) = (x^2 * p*x+) - ^2 s^2 = 3.29 - 1.27^2 s^2 = 3.29 - 1.6129 s^2 = 1.6771 SD = sqrt(s^2) SD = sqrt(1.6771) SD = 1.3

a. b. c. d.

0.0768 0.91296 0.33696 0.66304

5.13 When a customer places an order with Rudys OnLine Office Supplies, a computerized accounting information system (AIS) automatically checks to see if the customer has exceeded his or her credit limit. Past records indicate that the probability of customers exceeding their credit limit is 0.05. Suppose that, on a given day, 20 customers place orders. Assume that the number of customers that the AIS detects as having exceeded their credit limit is distributed as a binomial random variable. a. What are the mean and standard deviation of the number of customers exceeding their credit limits? Mean = np = 20 * 0.05 = 1 Stdev = sqrt(npq) = sqrt(20 * 0.05 * 0.95) = sqrt(.95) = 0.975

b. What is the probability that 0 customers will exceed their limits? 0.358486

c. What is the probability that 1 customer will exceed his or her limit? 0.377354 d. What is the probability that 2 or more customers will exceed their limits? 0.26416

5.17 Assume a Poisson distribution. a. If = 2.0, find P(X > 2). 0.593994 b. If = 8.0, find P(X > 3). 0.986246

c. If = 0.5, find P(X 1). (missing symbol)

5.19 Assume that the number of network errors experienced in a day on a local area network (LAN) is distributed as a Poisson random variable. The mean number of network errors experienced in a day is 2.4. What is the probability that in any given day a. zero network errors will occur? 0.090718 b. exactly one network error will occur? 0.217723 c. two or more network errors will occur? 0.691559

d. less than three network errors will occur? 0.569709

5.35 The mean cost of a phone call handled by an automated customer-service system is $0.45. The mean cost of a phone call passed on to a live operator is $5.50. However, as more and more companies have implemented automated systems, customer annoyance with such systems has grown. Many customers are quick to leave the automated system when given an option such as Press zero to talk to a customer-service representative. According to the Center for Client Retention, 40% of all callers to automated customer-service systems automatically opt to go to a live operator when given the chance (J. Spencer, In Search of the Operator, The Wall Street Journal, May 8, 2002, p. D1). If 10 independent callers contact an automated customer service system, what is the probability that a. 0 will automatically opt to talk to a live operator? 0.006047 b. exactly 1 will automatically opt to talk to a live operator? 0.040311 c. 2 or less will automatically opt to talk to a live operator? 0.16729

d. all 10 will automatically opt to talk to a live operator? 0.000105

6.1 Given a standardized normal distribution (with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1, as in Table E.2), what is the probability that a. Z is less than 1.57? 0.941792 b. Z is greater than 1.84? 0.032884 c. Z is between 1.57 and 1.84? 0.025323 d. Z is less than 1.57 or greater than 1.84? 0.974677

6.5 Given a normal distribution with = 100 and = 10, what is the probability that a. X > 75? 0.99379 b. X < 70? 0.00135

c. X 110? missing symbol

d. 80% of the values are between what two X values (symmetrically distributed around the mean)? Low: 87.18448 High: 112.8155

6.9 The breaking strength of plastic bags used for packaging produce is normally distributed, with a mean of 5 pounds per square inch and a standard deviation of 1.5 pounds per square inch. What proportion of the bags have a breaking strength of a. less than 3.17 pounds per square inch? 0.111232 b. at least 3.6 pounds per square inch? 0.824676 c. between 5 and 5.5 pounds per square inch? 0.130559

d. 95% of the breaking strengths will be contained between what two values symmetrically distributed around the mean? Low: 2.060054 High: 7.939946

6.11 A statistical analysis of 1,000 long-distance telephone calls made from the headquarters of the Bricks and Clicks Computer Corporation indicates that the length of these calls is normally distributed, with seconds and seconds. a. What is the probability that a call lasted less than 180 seconds?

b. What is the probability that a call lasted between 180 and 300 seconds?

c. What is the probability that a call lasted between 110 and 180 seconds?

d. What is the length of a call if only 1% of all calls are shorter?

6.13 Many manufacturing problems involve the matching of machine parts, such as shafts that fit into a valve hole. A particular design requires a shaft with a diameter of 22.000 mm, but shafts with diameters between 21.900 mm and 22.010 mm are acceptable. Suppose that the manufacturing process yields shafts with diameters normally distributed, with a mean of 22.002 mm and a standard deviation of 0.005 mm. For this process, what is a. the proportion of shafts with a diameter between 21.90 mm and 22.00 mm? 0.308538

b. the probability that a shaft is acceptable? 0.99379 c. the diameter that will be exceeded by only 2% of the shafts? 22.01227

d. What would be your answers in (a) through (c) if the standard deviation of the shaft diameters was 0.004 mm? a 0.308538 b 0.97725 c 22.01021

nto a valve hole. A n 21.900 mm and ormally distributed,

6.29 An industrial sewing machine uses ball bearings that are targeted to have a diameter of 0.75 inch. The lower and upper specification limits under which the ball bearings can operate are 0.74 inch and 0.76 inch, respectively. Past experience has indicated that the actual diameter of the ball bearings is approximately normally distributed, with a mean of 0.753 inch and a standard deviation of 0.004 inch. What is the probability that a ball bearing is a. between the target and the actual mean? 0.273373 b. between the lower specification limit and the target? 0.22605

c. above the upper specification limit? 0.040059

d. below the lower specification limit? 0.000577