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IS PROJECT Diabetes mellitus

Jeffrey Ling

3E (25)

Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus, often simply referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar, either because the body does not produce enough insulin, or because cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced. This high blood sugar produces the classical symptoms of polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (increased thirst) and polyphagia (increased hunger).

Three main types of diabetes

Type 1 diabetes: results from the body's failure to


produce insulin, and presently requires the person to inject insulin. (Also referred to as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM for short, and juvenile diabetes.)

Type 2 diabetes: results from insulin resistance, a


condition in which cells fail to use insulin properly, sometimes combined with an absolute insulin deficiency. (Formerly referred to as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM for short, and adult-onset diabetes.)

Gestational diabetes: is when pregnant women,


who have never had diabetes before, have a high blood glucose level during pregnancy. It may precede development of type 2 DM.

Complication caused by diabetes


Diabetic retinopathy: Long-term high blood sugar
can damage the environment of the retinal vascular endothelium, causing a range of retinal diseases, such as microaneurysms, hard exudates, cotton wool spots,

neovascularization, retinal detachment or vitreous proliferation. Diabetes generally occurs in patients more than a decade began to retinopathy, but if poor blood glucose control, or type I diabetes retinopathy may occur earlier, so people with diabetes need regular eye examinations eye.

Diabetic nephropathy: Can be divided into five


stages, may eventually lead to kidney failure.

Diabetic Foot: Foot wound healing is initially difficult, if not


handled properly can lead to amputation

Treatment and control


General principle of treatment is lifestyle changes, including diet, exercise and weight loss , and with certain drugs in order to control blood sugar, prevent complications purposes

Dietary principle
1. To avoid obesity, and the right to maintain ideal body weight. 2. Regular meals, meal plans diet weight by eating, not any increase or decrease. 3. Eat less fried, fried, crisp and pig, chicken, duck and other fat-containing foods that are high. 4. Cooking use more steamed, boiled, cold, rinse, baking, roasting, stewing, halogen, etc.. Not too salty, 6 grams of salt intake is appropriate 5. Not too salty diet, eat foods high in cholesterol, such as kidney, liver, kidney and other organ meats foods.

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