University ID: 1004628

Vibrational Analysis Assignment

ES386 - Dynami s of Vibrating Systems

System S hemati

A s hemati of the system to be analysed is given in Figure 1, with springs labeled k, dampers labeled ,
masses labeled m, and displa ements labeled x. This system has 6 degrees of freedom as ea h mass is
free to move independently of the others, despite the inter onne ted nature of the system; the positions
of ea h mass are not inherently determined by the positions of any others, ex ept that the positions of
other masses ae t the for es imposed on ea h mass.

Fig. 1: S hemati diagram of the system

2

Governing Equation

The generalised form of the governing equation for the system is given in Equation 1, where M is the
mass matrix, C is the damping matrix, K is the stiness matrix, x is the ve tor of the displa ements of
the masses, and F is the external for e on the system.
(1)

M
x + Cx + Kx = F

Equation ?? gives the governing equation for the system shown in Figure 1, for the ase where there is
no damping and no external for e.

m1
0

0
0

0
m2
0
0
0
0

0
0
m3
0
0
0

0
0
0
m4
0
0

0
0
0
0
m5
0

x
1
k1 + k2
0
k
0
2
2
x

3 0
0 x
+ 0
0
4
x

5 0
0 x
0
m6
x
6

k2
k2 + k3
k3
0
0
0

0
k3
k3 + k4
k4
0
0

0
0
k4
k4 + k5
k5
0

0
0
0
k5
k5 + k6
k6

x1
0

0
x2


0
x3 +A+A+A+A+A+A+A

0
x4

k6 x5
k6 + k7
x6

University ID: 1004628

Tab. 1: Damping onstants

Damper
Value (N.s.m1 )

c1

c2

c3

c4

c5

c6

c7

41 40 60 60 60 80 86

The damping matrix for the system is shown in Equation 2. This an be substituted into

c1 + c2

c2

0
C=
0

0
0

0
c3
c3 + c4
c4
0
0

0
0
c4
c4 + c5
c5
0

0
0
0
c5
c5 + c6
c6

c6
c6 + c7

(2)

System Chara teristi s

3.1

Natural Frequen y

3.2

Modal Shape

3.3

Dynami Chara teristi

c2
c2 + c3
c3
0
0
0

Modal Analysis

By onsidering the Rayleigh damping oe ients, the damping matrix, an be al ulated using Equation
3; where C is the damping matrix, is the mass-proportional damping oe ient, M is the mass matrix,
is the stiness-proportional damping oe ient, and K is the stiness matrix.
C = M + K

(3)

The damping matrix shown in Equation 4 was al ulated using damping oe ients of = 0.1 and
= 0.2.

81 40
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
40 102 60

0
60 123 60
0
0

C =
0
60 122 60
0

0
0
0
60 144 80
0
0
0
0
80 166

(4)

The values of damping onstants an be al ulated by omparing the matrix elements of Equation 4 to
that of Equation 2. These are summarised in Table 1

University ID: 1004628

5

Non-periodi Ex itation

Other Type of Ex itation

Ee ts of Damping

Non-rigid walls an be a ounted for by nding their equivalent mass

University ID: 1004628

Appendix
Matlab Code

% Mass
m = [10 20 30 20 40 60;
M = [m (1) 0 0 0 0 0;
0 m (2) 0 0 0 0;
0 0 m (3) 0 0 0;
0 0 0 m (4) 0 0;
0 0 0 0 m (5) 0;
0 0 0 0 0 m (6) ;
% Stiffness
k = [200 200 300 300 300 400 400;
K = [k (1)+ k (2) -k (2) 0 0 0 0;
-k (2) k (2) +k (3) -k (3) 0 0 0;
0 -k (3) k (3)+ k (4) -k (4) 0 0;
0 0 -k (4) k (4) +k (5) -k (5) 0;
0 0 0 -k (5) k (5) +k (6) -k (6) ;
0 0 0 0 -k (6) k (6)+ k (7) ;
% Rayleigh Damping
alpha = 0.1;
beta = 0.2;
C = alpha * M + beta *K ;
= [C (1 ,1) +C (1 ,2) -C (1 ,2) -C (2 ,3) -C (3 ,4) -C (4 ,5) -C (5 ,6) C (6 ,6) +C (5 ,6) ;