OBJECTIVES QUESTIONS : CHEMICAL BONDING 5. Among the following compounds, which contains particles bound by strong electrostatic forces?

A B C D 24. Ammonia Naphthalene Iodine Potassium oxide The table below shows the proton number of elements M and N. Element M N Proton number 3 17

Which is true of the compound formed between elements M and N? Compound formula A B C D MN MN M2N3 M3N2 Type of bond Ionic bond Covalent bond Ionic bond Covalent bond

19. of P and Q is true A B C D

The electron arrangements of atoms of elements P and Q are 2.8.4 and 2.6 respectively. Which of the following statements about formation of compound Each atom of Q receives an electron from an atom of P Each atom of P receives four electrons from an atom of Q Each atom of P combines with two atoms of Q by sharing of electrons Each atom of P combines with one atom of Q by transfer of electrons

29.

The diagram shows the electron arrangement of a compound formed between two Z atoms

Which of the following statements is true about the compound? A B C D Consists of ions Conduct electricity in molten state The compound has a low melting point Dissolves in water

SECTION B ESSAYS :

CHEMICAL BONDING.

1. Figure 1 shows the chemical symbols which represent three elements, P, Q and R. These letters are not the actual symbols of the elements. 24 12 16

P
12 6 Figure 1

Q
8

(a) Write the electron arrangement of atom P and Q

[2 marks]

(b) Using the information in the Figure 1, explain how two compounds can be formed from these elements. The two compounds should have different bond types (i) P and R (ii) Q and R [12 marks]

(c) Table 1 shows the melting and boiling points of two chemical compounds at room temperature. Compound Tetrachloromethane Aluminium oxide Melting Point (OC) - 23 2030 Table 1 Boiling Point (OC) 76.8 2970

Compare the melting and boiling points of tetrachloromethane and aluminium oxide. Explain why the two compounds have different physical states at room temperature. [6 marks]

STRUCTURED QUESTIONS :

CHEMICAL BONDING

3.

Figure 3 shows the location of seven elements A, D, E, G, J, L and M in the Periodic Table. These are not the actual symbols of the elements. 1 A L M 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 D E J G

FIGURE 3 Using the letters in the Periodic Table of the elements in the Figure 3, answer the following questions (a) Write the formula for the ion formed from an atom of (i) element L (ii) ................................................................................................................................... element E [1 mark] [1 mark] (b) Which of the element is not chemically reactive? Explain why. [2 marks] (c) Element L reacts with element J to form a compound (i) State the type of bond present in this compound . [1 mark] (ii) Write the chemical formula of this compound .. [1 mark] (iii) Draw the diagram of electron arrangement for compound that formed between L and J.

[2 marks] (iv) State one condition by which the will compound in d (iii) conducts electricity? Explain your answer . .. [2 marks]

MARKING SCHEME PAPER 2. STRUCTURED QUESTIONS 1. (a) (b) (i) (ii)

L+ E2-

1 1

G 1 Electron arrangement for G is 2.8 // outer most shell is fully occupied with electron/ is full with electron. 1 1 1

(c)

(i) (ii) (iii) +

ionic bond LJ r: JL [can draw the diagram of electron arrangement correctly]

Ion L+

Ion J[all electrons and period are correct] [label atom and charged] 1 (iv) In aqueous solution // molten state Ions can move freely//free to move 1

1 1

ESSAYS
(a) (i) P 2.8.2 Q- 2.4 (b) (i) Between P and Q P atom has 2 valence electrons Each P atom loses/donates/transfers 2 electrons to achieve a stable octet structure/ Stable electron arrangement P P2+ + 2eQ atom has 4 valence electrons Q atom gains/receives 4 electrons to achieve a stable octet structure/ Stable electron arrangement O + 2e-O2The two oppositely-charged ions are bonded together by a strong electrostatic force To form an ionic bond 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

P
Q

The P2 ions and O2- ions formed are bonded together by ionic bonds to form an ionic compound PQ2

(ii)

Between Q and R Q atom has 4 valence electron and R atom has 6 valence electron. Thus Q and R are non-metal Two atoms of element R will contribute 2 electrons from the valence shell to an atom Q for sharing so as to achieve // diagram Therefore, they share two pairs of electrons to form a PQ 2 by double covalent bond 1 1 a stable octet structure/stable electron arrangement respectively 1 1

xx x x xx J J
R

x x

J J
P

x x

xx x x xx J J
R

Molecules PQ2

(c)

Aluminium oxide has high melting and boiling point Tetrachloromethane has low melting and boiling point The oppositely-charged aluminium ions and oxide ions in aluminium oxide are held Together by strong ionic bonds (or electrostatics forces of attraction) A lot of heat energy is required to break the strong ionic bonds during melting and boiling Hence it has high melting and boiling points Tetrachloromethane consists of covalent molecules held together by weak (Van der Waals) Forces of attractions Only little heat energy is needed to overcome the weak forces between the molecules. Hence it has low melting and boiling points

1 1 1 1 1 1

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