Shear and Moment Diagrams

y Members with support loadings applied

perpendicular to their longitudinal axis are called beams. y Beams classified according to the way they are supported.

Chapter 6: Bending Mechanics of Material 7th Edition

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Shear and Moment Diagrams

y Shear and moment functions can be plotted in

graphs called shear and moment diagrams. y Positive directions indicate the distributed load acting downward on the beam and clockwise rotation of the beam segment on which it acts.

Chapter 6: Bending Mechanics of Material 7th Edition

2008 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd

Example 6.1
Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beam shown.

Solution:
From the free-body diagram of the left segment, we apply the equilibrium equations,

P (1) 2 P + M = 0; M = x (2) 2 Left segment of the beam extending a distance x within region BC is as follow, + Fy = 0; V=
Fy = 0; P P (3) P V = 0 V = 2 2 L P P M + P x x M = (L-x ) 2 2 2

= 0;

(4)

Chapter 6: Bending Mechanics of Material 7th Edition

2008 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd

Solution:

The shear diagram g represents p ap plot of Eqs. q 1 and 3

The moment diagram represents a plot of Eqs. 2 and 4

Chapter 6: Bending Mechanics of Material 7th Edition

2008 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd

Example 6.4
Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beam shown.

Solution:
The distributed load is replaced by its resultant force and the reactions. Intensity y of the triangular g load at the section is found by y proportion, w = w0 or w = w0 x x L L Resultant R lt t of f the th distributed di t ib t d loading l di i is d determined t i df from th the area under the diagram,

+ Fy = 0; + M = 0;

w0 L 1 w0 x w x V = 0 V = 0 L2 x 2 (1) 2 2 L 2L w0 L2 w0 L w0 x 1 (x ) + 1 x x + M = 0 3 2 2 L 3 (2)

Chapter 6: Bending Mechanics of Material 7th Edition

2008 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd

Solution:

The shear diagram represents a plot of Eqs. 1

The moment diagram represents a plot of Eqs. 2

Chapter 6: Bending Mechanics of Material 7th Edition

2008 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd

Example 6.6
Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beam shown.

Solution:
2 regions of x must be considered in order to describe the shear and moment functions for the entire beam. 0 x1 < 5 m,

+ Fy = 0; + M = 0;

5.75 V = 0 V = 5.75 kN

(1) (2)

80 5.75 x1 + M = 0 M = (5.75 x1 + 80) kNm

5 m x1 < 10 m, + Fy = 0; + M = 0;

5.75 15 5( x2 5) V = 0 V = (15.75 5 x2 ) kN (3)

x 5 80 5.75 x1 + +15 + 5( x2 5) 2 +M = 0 2 2 M = 2.5 x2 + 15.75 x2 + 92.5 kNm (4)

Chapter 6: Bending Mechanics of Material 7th Edition

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Solution:

The shear diagram represents a plot of Eqs. 1 and 3

The moment diagram represents a plot of Eqs. 2 and 4

Chapter 6: Bending Mechanics of Material 7th Edition

2008 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd

Bending Deformation of a Straight Member

y Cross section of a straight beam remains plane

when the beam deforms due to bending bending. y There will be tensile stress on one side and compressive stress on the other side side.

Chapter 6: Bending Mechanics of Material 7th Edition

2008 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd

Bending Deformation of a Straight Member

y Longitudinal strain varies linearly from zero at the

neutral axis axis. y Hookes law applies when material is homogeneous. y Neutral axis passes through the centroid of the cross-sectional area for linear-elastic material.

Chapter 6: Bending Mechanics of Material 7th Edition

2008 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd

The Flexure Formula

y Resultant moment on the cross section is equal to

the moment produced by the linear normal stress distribution about the neutral axis.
=
My I

= normal stress in the member M = resultant lt t internal i t l moment t I = moment of inertia y = perpendicular distance from the neutral axis

y By the right-hand rule, negative sign is compressive

since it acts in the negative x direction.

Chapter 6: Bending Mechanics of Material 7th Edition
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Example 6.15
The simply supported beam has the cross-sectional area as shown. Determine the absolute maximum bending stress in the beam and draw the stress distribution over the cross section at this location. location

Solution:

The maximum internal moment in the beam is M = 22.5 kNm

Chapter 6: Bending Mechanics of Material 7th Edition

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Solution:
By symmetry, the centroid C and thus the neutral axis pass through the midheight of the beam, and the moment of inertia is

I = I + Ad 2

1 1 3 2 3 = 2 (0.25)(0.02) + (0.25)(0.002)(0.16) + (0.02)(0.3) 12 12 = 301.3 106 m 4

Applying the flexure formula where c = 170 mm mm,

max =

Mc ; I

max =

22.5(0.17 ) = 12.7 MPa (Ans) 6 301.3 10

Chapter 6: Bending Mechanics of Material 7th Edition

2008 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd

Example 6.17
The beam has a cross-sectional area in the shape of a channel. Determine the maximum bending stress that occurs in the beam at section aa.

Solution:
The resultant internal moment must be computed about the beams beam s neutral axis at section aa. Since the neutral axis passes through the centroid,

y=

y A = 2(0.1)(0.2)(0.015) + (0.01)(0.02)(0.25) 2(0.2)(0.015) + (0.02)(0.25) A

= 0.05909 m = 59.09 mm
Chapter 6: Bending Mechanics of Material 7th Edition
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Solution:
Applying the moment equation of equilibrium about the neutral axis, we have

+ M NA = 0; 2.4(2 ) + 1.0(0.05909 ) M = 0 M = 4.859 kNm

The moment of inertia about the neutral axis is

1 3 2 I = (0.25)(0.02) + (0.25)(0.02)(0.05909 0.01) 12 1 3 2 + 2 (0.015)(0.2) + (0.015)(0.2)(0.1 0.05909) 12 = 42.26 10 6 m 4

The maximum bending stress occurs at points farthest away from the neutral axis. Mc 4.859(0.2 0.05909) max = = = 16.2 MPa (Ans) 6 I 42.26 10

Chapter 6: Bending Mechanics of Material 7th Edition

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Stress Concentrations
y The maximum normal stress at each of

discontinuities occurs at smallest cross sectional area. y Once K is obtained, obtained the maximum bending stress is determined using

max

Mc =K I

Chapter 6: Bending Mechanics of Material 7th Edition

2008 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd

Example 6.26
The transition in the cross-sectional area of the steel bar is achieved using shoulder fillets. If the bar is subjected to a bending moment of 5 kNm, determine the maximum normal stress developed in the steel steel. The yield stress is Y = 500 MPa. MPa

Solution:
From the geometry of the bar, bar

r 16 = = 0.2 h 80

w 120 = = 1 .5 h 80

Thus K is 1.45 and we have

max = K

(5)(0.04) Mc = (1.45) = 340 MPa 1 I 3 ( )( ) 0 . 02 0 . 08 12 This result indicates that the steel remains elastic since the stress is below the yield stress ( y (500 MPa). )

Chapter 6: Bending Mechanics of Material 7th Edition

2008 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd