CCNA Exploration: Eagle Server

Introduction The top-down approach adopted in CCNA Exploration: Network Fundamentals presents students with the opportunity to experience the setting up, implementing and analyzing Application layer services in a network lab environment. A key part of the e-doing in Exploration Network Fundamentals is the basing of many hands-on labs on a model Internet that uses a local server to provide a range of network services and applications that students can experience in the lab environment. This document includes a Server FAQ and supplements the Lab Orientation and Setup document. It is recommended that instructors read both this FAQ and the Lab Orientation and Setup documents before proceeding with using Eagle Server. The Network Services Provided Instant Messaging Wiki Server Domain Name Server Email Server Web Server FTP TFTP SSH How the Services are Provided To cater to the range of computer lab resources at Academies, there are several options as to how these services can be deployed in the lab. 1. Bootable CD-ROM downloadable as an ISO image

In this form the server can be implemented two ways: (A) From the CD This provides flexibility if lab resources are shared with non-CCNA classes or courses. The CD contains a bootable Linux file system, and may run network services directly from RAM. This means any available PC meeting the specifications (see the FAQ) can temporarily act as the server for the duration of the class. Although Linux based, no knowledge of this operating system is required to run the basic server in the lab. Once running in this form no further attention needs to be given to the server for the duration of the lab period. However, any modifications made to the Server are lost when the computer is rebooted. (B) As a permanent server - If a PC is available to be permanently used as the server then, the file system may be installed on spare Linux or Windows FAT partitions on the PC hard disk drive. Instructions for use are displayed when the Eagle Server CD is booted. (See the FAQ.) A permanent installation enables any modifications made to the Server to be retained when the computer is rebooted and re-used in later labs. 2. Downloadable compressed VMware image (Can be copied to CD-ROM or DVD)

Currently in development, this will enable the server to be deployed using VMware. This enables Academies to flexibly make use of different lab and classroom computer resources that they may have available at different times. The two options being developed are:
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(A) Run from the virtual image The server runs as virtual server on a computer running VMware Player. Any changes made to the server do not persist when the virtual server is restarted. (B) As a virtual server installed on a PC hard disk drive Any changes to the server are retained when rebooted. See the FAQ for information about installing and managing VMware. How it works

The connected pods of PCs and the switch, S1-Central, provide the LAN context. Router R2-Central manages the LAN and provides the gateway to a WAN link that connects to router R1-ISP. R1-ISP represents an Internet access and service provider. The Server provides the network services and applications typically accessed over the Internet. The following Server FAQ provides information regarding specific issues. The Lab Orientation and Setup (separate document) provides the setup, familiarization instructions and switch and router configurations.

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Eagle Server v2.0 FAQ

About Eagle Server......................................................................................................................4
1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Q: What is Eagle Server?............................................................................................................... 4 Q: How do I get Eagle Server?....................................................................................................... 4 Q: How can I use Eagle Server?.................................................................................................... 4 Q: What are the hardware requirements?......................................................................................4 Q: How do I burn an ISO image to CD?......................................................................................... 5 Q: Are there any preparations needed before starting the computer?...........................................5 Q: How do I use Eagle Server from CD?.......................................................................................5 Q: How do I install and use Eagle Server on a Windows computer?.............................................6 Q: How do I install and use Eagle Server on a Linux computer?...................................................6 Q: Is there a VMWare image of Eagle Server?..............................................................................6 Q: How do I disable X server, and use only the command line?....................................................7

Installation Options .....................................................................................................................5

Services and Applications............................................................................................................7

1. Q: What are the default users on the server, and how do I change passwords?...........................7 2. Q: What DNS names are used?..................................................................................................... 8 3. Q: What are the network services?................................................................................................ 8 4. Q: What Windows client software is available?..............................................................................9 5. Q: How do I download and install Windows client software that is not included with Eagle Server? ............................................................................................................................................................ 9

Eagle Server Development .......................................................................................................11

1. Q: How do I build my own Linux Live Eagle Server?....................................................................12

Problems and Solutions..............................................................................................................12

1. Q: Who do I contact for questions or problems?..........................................................................12 2. Q: How can I speed up network services?...................................................................................12 3. Q: Troubleshooting connectivity issues........................................................................................12

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About Eagle Server

1. Q: What is Eagle Server?
A: Eagle Server was created to provide Cisco Network Academy participants with a flexible server that supports an isolated lab environment, disconnected from the Internet. It resides on a bootable CD. The operating system is Linux Fedora Core 3, which reduces hardware requirements.

2. Q: How do I get Eagle Server?

A: Eagle Server can be downloaded from the Tools section of Academy Connection. In Tools select the CCNA Exploration: Network Fundamentals course then download the compressed file associated with "CCNA Eagle Server CD, v2.0 iso; Network Application server software".

3. Q: How can I use Eagle Server?

A: Eagle Server can be run directly from the CD or DVD for quick, portable use. Or, the server can be loaded onto a Windows or Linux computer with 4 GB free hard disk space. See Installation Options, below, for more information.

4. Q: What are the hardware requirements?

A: Computer hardware, such as graphics and network interface cards, must be compatible with Fedora Core 1. Some newer hardware will not work with the CD. It is best to use an older computer, as USB keyboards cause a known issue. For use as a lab server, the following recommendations are provided: Specification CPU RAM Minimum Intel Pentium Class 3 or better, or AMD P-III equivalent, 800 MHz. 256 MB (run from HDD) 512 MB (run on CD) HDD 4 GB (run from HDD) 0 (run from RAM) CD/DVD Linux-compatible, 10x (run from HDD) Linux-compatible, 30x (run from RAM) Preferred Intel Pentium 4 or better. 512 (run from HDD) 1GB (run from CD) 10 GB (run from HDD) 0 (run from RAM) Linux-compatible, 48x (run from HDD) 48x (run from RAM)

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Graphics card NIC

Linux-compatible 1 Linux-compatible

Same as minimum. Same as minimum.

Installation Options
1. Q: How do I burn an ISO image to CD?
A: Eagle Server is stored as an ISO image file. Within the image is all the information necessary to create a filesystem. After uncompressing the downloaded file, the ISO file needs to be written to a CD-ROM or DVD as an image (not data). The image cannot be copied to CD or DVD the same as a data file is copied. There are numerous free, open source, and proprietary ISO recorders available. For example, ImgBurn is a freeware utility. The home page is http://www.imgburn.com/, along with a brief tutorial on how to use the software.

2. Q: Are there any preparations needed before starting the computer?

A: Two steps should be followed before starting Eagle Server: (1) Eagle Server is configured to support only one network interface card (NIC), in Linuxspeak eth0. Multiple NICs, whether wired or wireless, will confuse proper network configuration and lead to unexpected results. Guidelines:

Built-in wireless NICs should be disabled in the BIOS, before starting the CD. If the computer has multiple wired NICs, only the first NIC, eth0, will be activated by Eagle Server. Insure only eth0 is cabled. If there is only one NIC, that NIC is eth0. Additional NICs that are not cabled will remain inactive, and not affect Eagle Server operation.

(2) Power sequencing is important. Ensure that at a minimum router R1-ISP interface Fa0/0 is configured with IP address 192.168.254.253, mask 255.255.255.0 and the no shutdown command has been issued. Connect a crossover cable between R1-ISP Fa0/0 and the server NIC. Power on the router first before starting Eagle Server.

3. Q: How do I use Eagle Server from CD?

A: This is the fastest way to use Eagle Server. To run the server from a CD and have modified files stored in RAM, first complete the preparation steps, above. Next, boot the computer from CD. When the opening screen appears, press <ENTER>. This
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will load the Linux kernel. Type option 1, and the server will install in RAM. Additional software must be added (see Services and Applications, #5) each time the computer is rebooted. To retain changes made to the server, the server should be loaded on the hard drive. Instructions for installing the server on the hard drive are covered below.

4. Q: How do I install and use Eagle Server on a Windows computer?

A: To install Eagle Server on a Windows computer, there must be 4 GB hard disk space free, or a blank, formatted, second hard disk. In either case, the free space must be formatted for the FAT filesystem. NTFS filesystems have not been tested and probably will not work. Record the partition where the server will be installed, and boot the Eagle Server CD. When the opening screen appears, press <ENTER>. This will load the Linux kernel. Type menu option installonFAT. Follow the instructions that are displayed. The installation will take approximately 15 minutes, depending on the speed of the CD. Changes made to the server will be saved on the hard disk. Leave the CD in the tray, as it will be needed to access the server partition when the computer is rebooted. When the server is rebooted, press <ENTER> and type menu option runondisk.

5. Q: How do I install and use Eagle Server on a Linux computer?

A: To install Eagle Server on a Linux computer, there must be 4 GB hard disk space free or an ext2/ext3 formatted second hard disk. Record the partition where Eagle server will be installed, and boot the Eagle Server CD. When the opening screen appears, press <ENTER>. This will load the Linux kernel. Type menu option installonEXT. Follow the instructions that are displayed. The installation will take approximately 15 minutes, depending on the speed of the CD.

6. Q: Is there a VMWare image of Eagle Server?

A: The Eagle Server ISO image has been encapsulated into a VMware environment, and is also available from academy Connection Tools (see above). The file name is EagleServer-version.rar. This file is compressed, and can be uncompressed with the Winrar utility (http://www.rarlab.com/download.htm), or later versions of WinZip. The following steps explain how to install and use Eagle Server within VMWare.

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If not currently installed, download and install the latest version of WMWare Player from URL: http://www.vmware.com/download/player/. Download Eagle-Server-version.rar from the Eagle Server FTP site, listed above.
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Open the file in either Winrar or Winzip, and drag the Eagle-Server folder to the computers desktop. Double-click on folder Eagle-Server. Review the README.txt file that lists minimum hardware requirements. Double-click on the VMWare configuration file, Eagle_Server.vmx. This will start Eagle Server inside VMWare. Because the VMWare image is still in ISO format, changes will not be persistent. In future releases a persistence option will be added.

Note: This form of Eagle Server is under development and Academies are requested to share their experiences with the Academy Community.

7. Q: How do I disable X server, and use only the command line?

A: X server, the GUI interface, consumes critical resources, especially on computers with limited memory. If resources are an issue, disable X server: From the terminal window, log in as rootsu - <ENTER> Switch to the non-X server run levelinit 3 - <ENTER> Various linux processes will stop, then restart in run level 3. When finished, a login prompt will appear.

Services and Applications

1. Q: What are the default users on the server, and how do I change passwords?
A: There are several default users. As with any Linux system, user root has system privileges. User ids and passwords are case sensitive. The default password for all user accounts is cisco. Following is a list of default users, and purpose: User ID root instructor cisco ccna1 through ccna22 Purpose System administration Instructor account Generic user account Student accounts used in some labs.

Follow these steps to change account passwords. All passwords should be changed, but it is imperative that at least the root account password is changed:
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Open a terminal (on the bottom panel, click on the CRT icon). Switch user to root: su - <ENTER> At the prompt, type root's password: cisco <ENTER> To change root's password: passwd <ENTER> To change a normal account's password: passwd user id <ENTER> **NOTE: a menu-driven script, pwchange, is available in roots home directory. To change all normal account passwords at once, type /root/pwchange and select option 5.

2. Q: What DNS names are used?

A: Domain example.com is configured for DNS. The following table shows name to IP address translations: Name IP address eagle-server.example.com 192.168.254.254 r1-isp.example.com 192.168.254.253 r2-central.example.com 172.16.255.254 s1-central.example.com 172.16.254.1 host1a-example.com 172.16.1.1 host1b-example.com 172.16.1.2 host2a-example.com 172.16.2.1 host2b-example.com 172.16.2.2 etc host11a-example.com 172.16.11.1 host11b-example.com 172.16.11.2 provided the student lab computer is configured for this IP Address.

3. Q: What are the network services?

A: There are several common network services enabled by default. This means that client applications can connect without any instructor modification or configuration to the server. Service HTTP FTP Purpose Web server. FTP server. Serves Windows software, such as Wireshark, GAIM IRC client, Apache Web Server, Thunderbird Mail client, SolarWinds TFTP server. Holds base configurations for Cisco Routers and Switch. Device Filename R1-ISP r1-isp R2-Central r2-central Client Example Web browser pointed to URL http://eagle-server.example.com Web browser pointed to URL ftp://eagle-server.example.com/pub Command line Windows ftp clientC:\> ftp eagleserver.example.com Connect Cisco IOS device to the server, configure networking, and download the configuration file.

TFTP

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SSH IPTables

S1-Central s1-central Allows the instructor to connect to the server from a host computer. Firewall. Permitted source IP addresses: Network 10.0.0.0 172.16.0.0 192.168.0.0 209.165.200.224 209.165.201.0 209.165.202.128 Provides chat server for student labs. Provides wiki server for student labs. Provides SMTP and IMAP mail services for student labs. Bit mask 8 12 16 27 27 27

ssh eagleserver.example.com

IRC Wiki

MAIL

Download GAIM client from eagleserver, and connect to eagle-server IRC server. Web browser pointed to URL http://eagleserver.example.com/twiki/bin/view/S andbox/WebHome Download Thunderbird client from eagle-server, and connect to eagleserver SMTP and POP3 server.

4. Q: What Windows client software is available?

A: Various labs require students to install Windows client software. Following is a list of Windows client software available on Eagle Server: Software gaim-1.5.0.exe Description Gaim is an instant messaging application. Network protocol analyzer

wireshark-setup0.99.4.exe Thunderbird Setup Windows email client. 1.5.0.9.exe apache_2.2.4-win32Windows web server. x86-no_ssl.msi *SolarWinds-TFTPWindows TFTP server Server.exe *ttproversion.exe TeraTerm Pro Web 3.1.3 *Must be manually added to Eagle Server, due to licensing restrictions. See Next FAQ.

5. Q: How do I download and install Windows client software that is not

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included with Eagle Server?

A: Two Windows client applications are required for labs, but are not included with Eagle Server. This is because licensing restrictions require the applications to be installed from the corporate URL. The applications must be downloaded and put in the correct directory on Eagle Server. If Eagle Server is run from CD, the applications must be installed each time Eagle Server is rebooted. Software *TeraTerm Pro Chapter / lab Chapter 10 Lab 10.5.4: Establishing a Console Session with HyperTerminal Chapter 11Lab 11.6.2: TFTP configuration Eagle Server Location / var/ftp/pub/eagle_l abs/eagle1/chapter1 0 / var/ftp/pub/eagle_l abs/eagle1/chapter1 1

*SolarWinds TFTP Server

Download URL: TeraTermPro- http://www.ayera.com/teraterm/ SolarWinds- http://solarwinds.net/downloads/SolarWinds-TFTP-Server.exe There are several methods that can be used to put the applications into the correct Eagle Server folders for student access. Using a workstation connected to the Internet, download the two applications from the URLs shown above. USB Drive:

1. Put the two applications onto the USB drive. Safely remove the USB drive from the
workstation.

2. Insert the USB drive into Eagle Server. 3. On Eagle Server, maximize the terminal window and change user to root: su <ENTER> (default password- cisco).

4. Mount the USB drive: mount /dev/sda1 /media/usbdrive <ENTER>. Notethe USB drive may be identified by something other than sda1. If the correct physical device cannot be discovered for the USB drive, use FTP the files (shown next). 5. Copy the files to the correct folder: cp /media/usbdrive/ttpro*.zip /var/ftp/pub/eagle_labs/eagle1/chapter10/ <ENTER> cp /media/usbdrive/SolarWinds-TFTP-server.exe /var/ftp/pub/eagle_labs/eagle1/chapter11/ <ENTER>

6. Unmount and remove the USB drive: umount /media/usbdrive <ENTER>.

After unmounting, the USB drive will be safe to remove.

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FTP to Eagle Server: 1. Using a workstation connected to the internet, download the two applications from the URLs shown above to the root directory (normally C:\). 2. Open a terminal window: Click on Start, Run. Type in cmd, then click OK. 3. Change directory to the root directory of the downloaded applications- cd c:\ <ENTER>. 4. FTP the applications to user ciscos home directory: C:\>ftp eagle-server.example.com Connected to eagle-server.example.com. 220 Welcome to the eagle-server FTP service. User (eagle-server.example.com:(none)): cisco 331 Please specify the password. Password:cisco (hidden) 230 Login successful. ftp> mput ttpro* mput ttpro313.zip? y 200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV. 150 Ok to send data. 226 File receive OK. ftp: 972304 bytes sent in 1.64Seconds 592.51Kbytes/sec. ftp> mput SolarWind* mput SolarWinds-TFTP-server.exe? y 200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV. 150 Ok to send data. 226 File receive OK. ftp: 6402808 bytes sent in 9.27Seconds 691.00Kbytes/sec. ftp> quit 221 Goodbye. C:\> exit 5. On Eagle Server, maximize the terminal window and change user to root: su <ENTER> (default password- cisco). 6. Change directory to user ciscos home directory:: cd /home/cisco <ENTER>. 7. Move the files to the correct folder: mv ttpro*.zip /var/ftp/pub/eagle_labs/eagle1/chapter10/ <ENTER> (NOTE- this command is on the same line) mv SolarWinds-TFTP-server.exe /var/ftp/pub/eagle_labs/eagle1/chapter11/ <ENTER>

Eagle Server Development

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1. Q: How do I build my own Linux Live Eagle Server?

A: A compressed VMWare file is available from the same location as Eagle Server (see above). Even compressed, the file size approaches 2GB. A moderate degree of Linux knowledge is needed. A terse description of what is required can be found in the uncompressed folder, file README.NEXT. Additional information can be found on the ADIOS Linux Live CD home page, http://os.cqu.edu.au/adios. If you add to and enhance the features of Eagle Server in your lab please share this information with the Academy Community.

Problems and Solutions

1. Q: Who do I contact for questions or problems?
A: The best way to identify problems is to notify your Regional Academy representative, or Academy Connection CCNA Forums & Chat.

2. Q: How can I speed up network services?

A: Adding additional memory will help any server. Also, a fast CD will improve performance. If desired, load Eagle Server on the computers hard drive.

Using the VMWare option will speed up performance, since the Eagle Server ISO image is accessed from the computers HDD.

3. Q: Troubleshooting connectivity issues.

A: Logical troubleshooting will help to quickly establish connectivity. Be sure the preparations were followed before starting the server computer. If connectivity still cannot be established with Eagle Server, follow these steps to identify and correct the problem: From R1-ISP, try to ping the server: R1-ISP# ping 192.168.254.254 If ping requests fail: Verify that a known-good cross-over cable is used between R1-ISP, Fa0/0, and Eagle Server, eth0. Verify that R1-ISP interface Fa0/0 line and protocol are up: R1-ISP# show interface fa0/0 Restart Eagle Server o From the terminal window, switch to user root: o $ su - <ENTER> o # reboot

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If R1-ISP has connectivity with the server but there are problems with any other network device, refer to the Lab Orientation and Setup (distributed separately).

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