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PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS

D. GROUP 17 ELEMENTS
GROUP 17

http://periodictable.com/ 1. The group 17 elements are: Flourine Chlorine Bromine Iodine Astatine 2.7 2.8.7 2.8.18.7 2.8.18.18.7 2.8.18.32.18.7

2. Group 17 elements are known as halogens 3. Halogens exist as diatomic molecules. 4. Halogens have seven valence electrons.

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Physical Properties of Group 17 Elements 1. All Group 17 elements are non-metals.

Proton Element Symbol Number Flourine Chlorine Bromine Iodine Physical state at room temperature Melting point Boiling point

Colour

F Cl Br I

9 17 35 53

Gas Gas Liquid Solid

Kuning pucat Greenishyellow Reddishbrown Purplishblack

Increase

Increase

2. Halogen have low melting and boiling points because their molecules are attracted to each other by weak forces. Less energy is needed to overcome the forces . 3. When going down the group, the melting and boiling points increases. This is because the molecular size increases.
Diagram:
Cl2 Cl2

van der Waals forces

Cl2 Cl2

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What is physical state of astatine?

Chemical Properties of Group 17 Elements 1. Group 17 elements react with water, metal and alkali. a) Halogen react with water to form 2 acids In general: X2 + H2O HX + HOX ; X is halogen

HX and HOX solutions are acidic. HOX solution exhibits bleaching properties. Example: Cl2 Chlorine Br2 Bromine I2 Iodine + H2O Water H2O Water H2O Water HCl + Hydrochloric acid HBr + Hydrobromic acid HI + Hydrobromic acid HOCl Hypochlorus acid HOBr Hypobromus acid HOI Hypoiodus acid

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b) Halogens in gaseous state react with hot iron To form a brown solid , iron(III) halides. In general: 2Fe Example : 2Fe + Iron 2Fe + Iron 2Fe + Iron 3Br2 Bromine 3Cl2 Chlorine 3I2 Iodine 2FeBr3 Iron(III) bromide 2FeCl3 Iron(III) chloride 2FeI3 Iron(III) iodide + 3X2 2FeX3 ; X is halogen

c) Halogens react with sodium hydroxide solution , NaOH. To form sodium halide, sodium halate and water The halogens are decolourised during these reaction. In general: X2 + NaOH [X is halogen] Example: 2 NaOH + I2 NaI + NaOI + H2O NaX + NaOX + H 2O

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Chemical Properties of Group 17 Elements Chlorine, Bromine and Iodine have similar chemical properties but differ in reactivity. Fluorine is the most electronegative element Elelctronegativity of an element refers to the measurement of the strength of an atom in its molecule to attract electrons towards its nucleus. WHY they have similar chemical properties??? Halogens have 7 valence electrons. When halogens take part in chemical reactions, their atom always gain one electron to achieve a stable octet electron arrangement. The Reactivity of Halogens decrease down the group. Do You Know WHY??? The explanation a) The atomic size increases down the group. b) The distance of the outermost shell becomes further from the nucleus. c) The force of attraction of the nucleus on the electrons of the outermost shell decrease. d) The tendency of an atom to receive one electron to

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achieve an octet electron arrangement decrease

Safety Precautions in handling Group 17 elements

1. The vapour of Flourine, Chlorine and Bromine are poisonous. 2. The following precaution should be taken when handling halogen: a) Halogen gas and liquid should be handled inside a fume chamber b) Wear safety goggles when handling halogen fumes. c) Wear safety gloves when handling halogen materials. Do It Yourself Element Proton number X 9 Y 17 Z 35

1. Elements X, Y and Z are same group in the periodic table. a. What is the valence electron of the elements X,Y and Z? seven(7) b. Which group in the periodic table can you find the elements X,Y and Z?

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group 17 c. Element Y can react with water. What are the properties of the solution produced? Acidic and bleaching properties d. Write an equation for the reaction between element Z and hot iron. 2Fe + 3Z2 2FeZ3 3. List all halogen elements from the top to the bottom of group 17. Flourine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine and Astatine 4. Which are the most reactive and least reactive halogen? Most reactive: Flourine least reactive : Astatine

4. Write the chemical equations for the following reaction: a) Chlorine with water Cl2 + H2O HCl b) bromine with iron 2 Fe + 3Br2 2FeBr3 + HOCl

c) iodine with sodium hydroxide 2 NaOH + I2 NaI + NaOI + H 2O

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5. Explain the changes to the reactivity of halogens when going down group 17. The atomic size of halogen increases down the group. The distance of the outermost shell becomes further from the nucleus. Therefore, the force of attraction of the nucleus on the electrons of the outermost shell decrease. The tendency of an atom to receive one electron to achieve an octet electron arrangement decrease. This causes the reactivity to decrease down the group.

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