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Despite Jinnahs exhortation to the Muslims to represent a united front, the Muslim League split into two as already mentioned. The Jinnah Group met at Calcutta from 30 December 1927 to 1 January 1928 and the Shafi Group convened at Lahore from 31 December1927 to 1 January 1928.Both meetings claimed to be the Nineteenth Session of the All-India Muslim League. The basic reason for the split was that Jinnah Group stood for boycotting the Simon Commission and the Shafi Group for cooperating with it. The Jinnah Group session was attended by some prominent nonMuslims among them Mrs. Annie Besant, Mrs. Sarojini Naidu and Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya.Mrs. Besant and Pandit Malaviya figured among those who addressed the meeting. One of the resolutions enjoined that the Mussulmans throughout the country should have nothing to do with the commission at any stage or in any form. Another resolution confirmed the Delhi Muslim Proposals. Yet another resolution severely condemned Sir Muhammad Shafi and his colleagues for holding a session at Lahore in contravention of the Constitution of the League. On 16 February 1928 Jinnah supported a resolution proposed by Lala Lajput Rai in the Legislative Assembly expressing the Assemblys entire lack of confidence in the Simon Commission. Jinnah supported the resolution and reiterated that the principle for which we are fighting is that we want for the Indian representatives equal status and equal power. One can only imagine Jinnahs distress. Not to speak of Hindu-Muslim unity, even the Muslims were divided amongst themselves. Beside the two Groups of the League there were the Jamiat-iUlema-i-Hind the All India Khilafat Conference and sundry provincial groups. He sought respite from the endless stress by a trip to England and sailed on 5 May 1928 by SS Rajputana. One of his fellow-passengers on the outward voyage, Dewan Chamanlal, wrote an article recoding his impressions of Jinnah. Today he is unfortunately, frankly disgusted, he noted. The first problem to solve and settle is the problem of HinduMuslim unity, Jinnah told him. He also regretted that Ghandi is not a politician and added. I wish he had been.1
Creation of Pakistan: Compiled By Jamil-ud- Din Ahmad:Publishers United LTD, 176, Anarkali, Lahore Jan 19861
Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah (His Personality and His Politics) By S.M Burke, Salim Al-Din Qurashi. Karachi, Oxford University Press2
Reaction of Muslims
The Muslims of all shades of opinion united in opposition to the Nehru report. The two wings into which the Muslim league had been spilt since 1927 came closer. Nearly every shade of opinion in Muslim politics was represented in all Indian Muslim conference which met at Delhi on 31st December 1928 and 1st January 1929 under the chairmanship of Highness the Agha Khan (Sultan Muhammad Shah). They demanded the following demands. Their should be a federal system with complete autonomy and residuary powers vested in the provinces Separate electorates were to continue Muslims should be given due share in the central and provincial cabinets. A due portion of seats should be given to Muslims in the public services and all statutory self-Government bodies.
There must be safeguards for the protection and promotion of Muslim education, language, religion, personal law, and Muslim charitable institutions.3
Group), the All-India Muslim League, Lahore (i-e,. the Shafi Group), the All-India Khilafat Conference, and the All- India Jamiat-ul-Ulema Conference, Twenty Muslim representatives from each of the provinces of India were also invited. The Nehru Report in effect was buried. The one-year ultimatum to the British Government was a transparent face saving device. No one could really have expected British Government to concede Dominion Status as the next immediate step within a year response to a Report which instead of uniting the Indian communities on one platform had exposed their divisions. Not surprisingly, at the next session of the Congress at Lahore (19-31 December 1929) one of the resolutions declared that the entire scheme of the Nehru Committees report had lapsed. At the same time, another resolution practically confessed the real reason for burying the report.4
Pakistan, the Real Picture: A Comprehensive History Course (712-1995- By: Rizwana Zahid Ahmed, Ferozsons (PVT) LTD, Lahore.
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India Divided- By Rajendra Prasad- Book Traders, Lahore- Published By: Mustafa Waheed. Printed at Islamia Al Saudia Printers, Lahore.
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This formula was announced on March 20, 1927.The same morning Sir Muhammad Shafi arrived in Lahore. No one is certain whether or not he approved the proposals in Delhi, but soon after his return to Lahore he issued a statement saying he did not agree with them. The Hindu communal parties accepted the proposal with regard to joint electorates, but rejected the other two, incredible though it might seem. It was a folly and a blunder of the first magnitude. This was the first time that Muslims had agreed to have joint electorates. It was the chance of a lifetime, a rare unexpected opportunity for a new start on a real national political life. Today, it seems inconceivable that the separation of Sindh and reforms for Baluchistan and the North-West Frontier Province should have come in the way of the acceptance of joint electorates. Never after that did the Muslims agree to joint electorates. As time passed, the communal demands of the Muslims increased day by day, resulting ultimately in a demand for partition. 6
[From Martial Law To Martial Law]- Politics in Punjab, (1919-1958) - By: Syed Nur Ahmed. Copyright 1985, Vanguard Books LTD, 8- Davis Road, Lahore- Nirali Duniya Printers6
http://www.storyofpakistan.com/articletext.asp?artid=A035
A uniform measure of autonomy shall be granted to all provinces. All legislatures in the country and other elected bodies shall be constituted on the definite principle of adequate and effective representation of minorities in every province without reducing the majority in any province to a minority or even equality. In the Central Legislature, Mussulman representation shall not be less than one third. Representation of communal groups shall to be by means of separate electorates as at present, provided it shall be open to any community, at any time, to abandon its separate electorate in favor of joint electorate. Any territorial re- distribution that might at any time be necessary shall not in any way affect the Muslim majority in the Punjab, Bengal and NWFP Province. Full religious liberty i-e., liberty of belief, worship and observance, propaganda association and education, shall be guaranteed to all communities. No bill or resolution or any part thereof shall be passed in any legislature or any other elected body if three-fourths of the members of any community in that particular body oppose such a bill, resolution or part thereof on the ground that it would be injurious to the interests of that community or in the alternative, such other method is devised as may be found feasible and practicable to deal with such cases. Sindh should be separated from Bombay Presidency. Reforms should be introduced in NWFP and in Baluchistan. Provision should be made in the Constitution, giving Muslims an adequate share along with the other Indians in all the services of the State and in local self-governing bodies, having due regard to the requirements of efficiency. The Constitution should embody adequate safe guards for the protection of Muslims culture and for the protection and
promotion of Muslim education, language, religion, and personal laws and Muslims charitable institutions and for their due share in the grants in aid given by the State and by local self-governing bodies. No Cabinet either, Central or Provincial should be formed without there being a proportion of at least one third Muslim ministers. No change shall be made in the Constitution by the Central Legislature except with the concurrence of the States constituting the Indian Federation.
http://www.angelfire.com/al/badela/timeline3.html 9
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