GITAM School of International Business

GITAM UNIVERSITY
(Declared as Deemed-to-be-University U/S 3 of UGC Act, 1956)

Visakhapatnam 45

REPORT ON Comparative study of Hambantota and the port of Colombo with respect to Vizag port for the no of berths and their operation with major types of products. SUBMITTED TO Prof.R.Venkateswarulu, Dr.Shazhadhi Begum By, G.Sampath Kumar(1226112149), Jaya Sudhir Raja(1226112121), Vinay Sharma(1226112159), B.Phani gollaville(1226112218), Piyusha Ranjan(1226112236),

INDEX TOPICS PORT OF COLOMBO BERTHING FACILITIES HAMBANTOTA PORT PARAMETERS OF PORT VISAKHAPATNAM PORT BERTHING FACILITY OPERATIONS & FACILITY Colombo port Existing facilities Hambantota port Visakhapatnam port page no 01 02 03 04 05 05 07 07 08 13 13 15

REFERENCES

PORT OF COLOMBO : The Port of Colombo, located in the South-West corner of the island is rated amongst the Top Container ports in the world. The ports natural geographic location is strategically positioned on the main East-West shipping route, linking the Far East with Africa, Europe, and the East Coast of the US, providing ideal connections to the trade in the Indian sub-continent. This makes the Port of Colombo a superb strategic hub. The Colombo South Harbour will mainly focus on handling transshipment cargo in the subcontinent. At present, the Port of Colombo alone handles 15 per cent of transshipment cargo in the subcontinent.The Colombo South Harbour will be located west of the present south-west breakwater in an area of about 600 hectares.The harbour will have four terminals of over 1,200m in length each to accommodate three berths alongside depths of 18m and provision to deepen to 23m to accommodate deeper draft vessels of the futur
Port of Colombo contains 3 terminals

Jaya Container Terminal (JCT) Unity Container Terminal (UCT) South Asia Gateway Terminal (SAGT)

Jaya Container Terminal (JCT) : On the eastern side comprises 4 berths totaling 1,292 m. Depths alongside range from 12 m to 15 m. The berths are served by 6 Super-post Panamax and 8 Panamax gantry cranes, with capacities of 35.5t to 41t SWL. The width of berths varies between 330 and 380 meters forming a terminal around 45.5 ha. In addition there are two feeder berths totaling 352 meters with depths of 8 & 9 meters. Unity Container Terminal (UCT): is located at the northern end of the harbour. Opened in 2004, it comprises 2 berths for feeder vessels with depths alongside of 9 and 11 metres. The 340m long quay is served by 3 panamax gantry cranes of 41t SWL. South Asia Gateway Terminal (SAGT):The terminal comprises three berths totalling 940m, all dredged to a depth of 15m and served by 9 gantry cranes of 40t SWL. The back up area is 200m wide and the terminal area covers 22.2 ha. The back up area is 200m wide and the terminal area covers 22.2 ha. The container yard is served by 28 RTGs and comprises 5,430 ground slots. The terminal which is operated by a private consortium of local and foreign parties is fully selfcontained.
PORT AREA HECTARES HARBOUR AREA AT LAW WATER 199.4 M LAND AREA WITHIN PORT LIMITS 130.0 M WATER AREA IN LAKE CONNECTED 70.0 M TOTAL LENGTH OF BREAKWATERS METERS SOUTH - WEST BREAKWATER 1,570 NORTH - WEST BREAKWATER 810 NORTH - EAST BREAKWATER 330

BERTHING FACILITIES ALONGSIDE BERTHS: 25 BREAKBULK BERTHS TERMINAL BANDARANAYAKE QUAY (BQ) B.Q. 1 B.Q. 2 B.Q. 3 B.Q. 4 B.Q. 2 A GUIDE PIER G.P. 1 G.P. 2 PRINCE VIJAYA QUAY P.V.Q. 1 P.V.Q. 2 UNITY CONTAINER TERMINAL U.C.T. 1 U.C.T. 2 SOUTH PIER (SP) NEW NORTH PIER (NNP) CROSS BERTH C.B. 1 C.B. 2 NEW FEEDER BERTH PASSENGER JETTY CONTAINER QUAYS BERTH SAGT 1 SAGT 2 SAGT 3 SAGT 4 SAGT 5 SAGT 6 JCT 1 JCT 2 JCT 3 JCT 4 JCT EXT. (N) JCT EXT. (S)

COLOMBO PORT APPROACH CHANNEL DRAFT: 16m

LOA 152 M 152 M 152 M 152 M 128 M 170 M 170 M 140 M 170 M 115 M 160 M 160 M 200 M 98 M 86 M 130 M 200 M

DRAFT 7.20 M 9.45 M 9.15 M 9.15 M 8.60 M 7.90 M 9.15 M 9.15 M 9.45 M 6.50 M 10.00 M 9.15 M 10.30 M 6.10 M 4.80 M 9.50 M 10.0 M

LENGTH 340 M 310 M 290 M 230 M 230 M 250 M 290 M 295 M 295 M 295 M 146 M 160 M

DRAFT 14 M 14 M 14 M 10 M 10 M 10.80 M 11.30 M 12.30 M 14.00 M 14.00 M 8.00 M 9.00 M

HAMBANTOTA PORT: The first phase of the Port of Hambantota will consist of two 600m general purpose berths, a 310m bunkering berth and a 120m small craft berth. It will also contain a bunkering facility and tank farm which will include 8 tanks for marine fuel, 3 tanks containing aviation fuel and 3 for Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG). A 15 floor administrative complex will also be constructed as part of the project. The mouth of the natural harbor at Hambantota has a 22m depth. When completed, the port will have a 1.5 km long breakwater, with a minimum basin depth of 17m. This is compared to the 15.5m depth of the Port of Colombo. The turning circle will be 600m. A dam will also be built to prevent flooding in nearby areas, and a seawall made of interlocking concrete blocks will protect the port from high seas. A $550 million tax-free port zone is being set up outside the port, with local and international companies expressing interest in setting up shipbuilding, ship-repair and warehousing facilities in the zone. It is expected to be completed by November 2010. The finished project is expected to provide indirect employment to over 50,000 people. Launched on 15 January 2008, the Hambantota Port is being constructed by the Chinese companies China Harbour Engineering Company and Sinohydro Corporation. The total cost of the first phase of the project is estimated at $360 million, Excluding $76.5 million for the bunker terminal. 85% of the funding is provided by the Chinese Government and the remaining 15% by the Sri Lanka Ports Authority. Initially set to open in the first half of 2011, five months ahead of schedule,[14] the first phase of the project was completed by November 2010.

LAYOUT PLAN PHASE 1

Main port Parameters (phase 1) :Design Vessel 100,000 DWT Approach Channel Width 210m Turning Circle 600m Quay Length (General 600m Cargo) Service Quay 105m Oil Quay 610m Depth of Basin 17m Brief Summary of the Project Features :The main construction work includes, Construction of two nos of Breakwaters, Excavation of the 17m depth Basin area, dredging of 210m Wide Entrance channel, Construction of Service Berth, General purpose Berth, Oil Berth, Roads and Buildings. Present Status :SLPA has already called Request for Proposals from prospective investors at the Hambantota Port mainly for the following categories. Cement Grinding Plant Cement Storage and Bagging Plant Fertilizer Storage/Processing Bagging Plant LP Gas Distribution Facility Ware Housing Complex Vehicle Assembling Plant Flour Mill Food Processing & Packaging Any Other Business Related to Import and Export Sector .Hence the industries which will be taken place could be finalized when they are actually materialized near future.

VISAKHAPATNAM PORT: Port of Visakhapatnam is one of the leading major ports of India and is located on the east coast midway between Kolkata and Chennai. The Port has three harbours viz., outer harbour, inner harbour and the fishing harbour. The outer harbour with a water spread of 200 hectares has 6 berths and the inner harbour with a water spread of 100 hectares has 18 berths. Bestowed with natural deep water basins, the outer harbor is capable of accommodating 150,000 DWT vessels and draft upto 17 meters. The inner harbour berths are PANAMAX compatible and are capable of accommodating vessels upto 230 meters LOA and draft upto 11 meters. The Port is catering to the key industries like the petroleum, steel, power and fertilizers besides other manufacturing industries and playing catalyst role for the agricultural and industrial development of its hinterland spreading from the south to the north.

BERTHING FACILITY;

Feature Water Spread (Hectares) Berths Max.Draft(Mtrs.) Max. length (Mtrs.) Max. Beam (Mtrs.) 100 18 11

Inner Harbour 200 6 17 280

Outer Harbour

PANAMAX 32.50

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INNER HARBOR NORTHERN ARM - EAST SIDE Quay Berths East Quay-1 East Quay-2 East Quay-3 East Quay-4 East Quay-5 East Quay-6 East Quay-7 * East Quay8 Berth length (Mtrs) 167.64 167.64 167.64 231.00 167.64 182.90 255.00 255.00 Permissible beam (Mtrs) 32.50 32.50 32.50 32.50 32.50 32.50 32.50 32.50 10.06 10.06 10.06 10.06 11.00 10.06 11.00 11.00 Permissible draft (Mtrs) Crane deployment 4 Nos. 15T. wharf Cranes 4 Nos. 10T. wharf Cranes 4 Nos. 10T. wharf Cranes 4 Nos. 15T. wharf Cranes 4 Nos. 15T. wharf Cranes 3 Nos. 10T. wharf Cranes 4 Nos. 20T. wharf Cranes 3 Nos. Harbour cranes of Operator -104T. mobile B.O.T.

* East Quay9

255.00

32.50

11.00

INNER HARBOUR NORTHERN ARM - WEST SIDE * Awarded to B.O.T. Operator M/s. Vizag Seaport Pvt. Ltd. Quay Berths West Quay-1 West Quay-2 West Quay-3 West Quay-4 West Quay-5 RE WQ-1 212.00 226.70 201.12 243.00 241.70 170.00 Berth length (Mtrs) Permissible draft # (Mtrs) 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 8.00

INNER HARBOUR NORTH WESTERN ARM Quay Berths Fertiliser berth Oil Refinery Berth-1@ Oil Refinery Berth-2@ Berth length (Mtrs) 173.13 183.00 183.00 10.06 10.06 9.75 Permissible draft # (Mtrs)

@ Subject to a max. 195 Mts. at one of the two berths # Permissible draft of vessels is subject to availability of tide - details given under harbour facilities

OUTER HARBOUR Berth Ore Berth-1 Ore Berth-2 Oil Mooring General Cargo Berth Offshore Terminal L.P.G. Tanker Berth length (Mtrs) 270.00 270.00 250.00 356.00 408.00 370.92 Permissible beam (Mtrs) 48.00 48.00 48.00 42.00 48.00 42.00 Permissible draft # (Mtrs) 16.50 on rising tide of 0.3 Mtrs. 16.50 15.00 14.5 0 on rising tide of 0.5 Mtrs. 17.00 on rising tide of 0.5 Mtrs. 14.00

OPERATIONS & FACILITIES:

Operations in Colombo port are two types A. Container Operations (Domestic & Transshipment) B. Conventional Cargo Operations (Local & Transshipment) 1) Container Operations (Domestic & Transhipment): Discharging / Loading containers (all inclusive) Discharging / Loading over height & over width (all inclusive) Discharging / Loading Ship's spreaders Movement of empty / laden containers Mounting or De-mounting laden / empty containers Stuffing & De-stuffing containers Other container services Electricity supply to reefer containers (Subject to periodical revision - Per hour or part thereof) Storage on Domestic Export containers Transshipment/Re-stow container composite stevedorage Storage on Transshipment / Re-stow container / chassis with or without container Transshipment special operations Multi Country Consolidation container operations when handled outside port of Colombo
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MultiCountry Consolidation container operations when handled within port of Colombo

Conventional Cargo Operations (Local & Transshipment): Bagged & general cargo Cool room, Dangerous and Dirty cargo Bulk cargo Motor vehicles Animals etc Shifting of cargo Mail handling Detentions & Cancellation of booked gangs

Imports: Crude oil,Petrol, machinery, vehicles, plant, tools, parts & accessories, chemicals, acid paints, plastics, adhesive, pharmaceutical, ayurvedic, pharmaceutical products. Exports: Tea, Rubber & Rubber products, gems, diamond & jewellery, food & beverages,spices, coconut products, handloom products,minerals.

EXISTING PORT FACILITIES:

(I) South Asia Gateway Terminal (SAGT) formerly Queen Elizabeth Quay (QEQ) The QEQ has been leased for a period of 30 years by the Sri Lanka Ports Authority (SLPA) to the terminal operator South Asia Gateway Terminals (SAGT) to develop and operate on a BOT basis. The quay has been widened by SAGT to 100m on piles Eastwards in to the harbour basin to accommodate a passenger berth of 250m and three container berths having a total length of 1,005m. The berths have 15m depths and a container terminal area of 22.2 hectares. The container berths have been provided with 9 Super Post Panamax container cranes and the terminal with 27 transfer cranes. It has a dry container stacking capacity of 26,250 TEU and a reefer container stacking capacity of 900 TEU. (II) Bandaranayake Quay and Coaster Berths The Bandaranayake quay has five berths for break bulk cargo. The East quay has a length of 422m and a dredged depth of 9.45m. West quay has a length of 412m which could have a depth of 10.06m while the North quay having a length of 130m could have a dredged depth of 10.97m. The quay has four transit sheds of total area of 20,460 m2 with rail mounted portal cranes and rail access. The two Coaster Berths have lengths of 100m and 85m with depths of 8m and 6m respectively.

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(III) Feeder Berth This berth, which is in close proximity to the JCT, had been recently constructed with a length of 193m and alongside depths of 10m for vessel of 10,000 DWT. The deck is trapezoidal in plan with 57m and 16m at land end and sea end respectively having an area of 6,788 m2. The berth is a concrete piled structure with a concrete deck of beams and slabs and rails to mount two container cranes, which are yet to be installed. (IV) Jaya Container Terminal (JCT) JCT contains four container berths of having a quay wall length of 1,292m and two feeder berths of length 180m in the South and 172m in the North. The breadth of the terminal is 350m. The alongside depths and the lengths of the berths are as follows: JCT 1 12m X 300m JCT 2 13m X 332m JCT 3 15m X 330m JCT 4 15m X 330m JCT South Feeder Berth 9m X 180m The JCT in addition has the under mentioned facilities: A total container terminal area of 45.5 Hectares A dry container stacking capacity of 34,020 TEU A reefer container stacking capacity of 900 TEU An empty container stacking capacity of 6,000 TEU JCT has three repair facilities which work on a 24-hour shift basis. One workshop maintains the container cranes and the transfer cranes. The second workshop attends to the repair of the prime movers and trailers while the electrical workshop maintains the electrical components of the equipment. The Central Computer Room of the SLPA is located in the administration building of JCT with a network of terminals connected locally and via telecommunication lines. (V) Guide Pier Guide pier of length 330m has two berths with alongside depths of 8m and 9.5m. It is also used by the Colombo Dockyard Ltd to move vessels to the dry docks situated at the East end. When not in use for docking activities it is used by the SLPA for handling break bulk, general cargo and car carriers. Edible oils could be loaded from this pier by pipelines from ship to shore and vice versa to the storage tank farm situated within the port premises.

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(VI) South Pier The South pier is 270m in length and can accommodate vessels of draught of 9.5m. Break bulk, gas, general cargo and car carriers are handled at this pier. (VII) New North Pier (Unity Pier) The South Quay of the New North Pier has two berths one 130m in length having 9m depths and the other 210m length berth having 11m depths and an overall width of 100m. The quay has provisions for the installation of three container cranes. The North quay of the pier has a 200m long and a 25m wide multipurpose berth with 11m depths and pipelines to the Mahaweli Marine cement silos situated in the vicinity of the pier. It also has provisions for the installation of two container cranes. The pier has an area of 3.9 hectares and 3.2 hectares of land support having 1,020 slots with five high container storage capacities. The terminal will be provided with 8 transfer cranes and 45 prime movers and trailers. Annually 700,000T of dry bulk cargo can be also discharged from this pier. (VIII) Prince Vijaya Quay (PVQ) This quay is 330m long and 57.6m wide and dredged to a depth of 9.75m. The quay is mainly used to discharge bulk cement to the Mahaweli Marine and Samudra cement silos located within the port and maize in bulk to the silos of Grain Elevators silos located outside the port limits. Break bulk cargo and general cargo are also handled at this quay. The quay has two transit sheds and the transit shed nearer the North entrance to the harbour had been demolished and the area given to a private operator to establish a grain grinding mill. (IX) Passenger Terminal With the re-development of the Queen Elizabeth Quay (QEQ) by South Asia Gateway Terminal (SAGT), the Passenger berth was developed & launched in 2002. This berth has a quay length of 215m and the permissible draft at this berth is 10m. (X) Oil Jetty The oil jetty is located at the port side of the North West (Island) Breakwater. The jetty is 90m in length and has 11m depths. Eleven submarine pipelines including a 24" line for crude oil and 12" line for bunkering is laid from the jetty to the shore. Fuel is supplied to vessels berthed inside the harbour or outside by a barge owned by Lanka Marine Services. Packaged oils and lubricants are delivered direct to vessels. (XI) Water Jetty The water jetty situated between the QEQ and the BQ in the South of the harbour supply water to ships by barges.
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XIV) NavigationThe navigation division of the SLPA is in charge of Pilotage, berthing, tug services, marine pollution, navigation aids and the maintenance of depths in the harbour. The channel light buoys, Galbokka light and Breakwater lights are maintained by the Inspector of Coast Lights who is attached to the Navigation Division. (XV) Other Activities within the Port: Sri Lanka Navy The Sri Lanka Navy has a complex in the port comprising the SLNS Rangala camp and mooring facilities for their vessels in the most congested part of the port. The land area occupied by the Navy is 1.0125 hectares. Power Plant A floating power plant of 60 MW capacity augmenting the electrical power supply to Colombo is located in the North of JCT adjacent to JCT 1 berth. Ship Repairs Dry dock repairs of vessels up to 125,000 DWT. and boat building activities are undertaken by Colombo Dockyard Ltd at 4 dry docks and 11 repair berths in a 9 hectare block of land North of JCT. Cement Packaging Mahaweli Marine Cement Co. and Samudra Cement Co. have storage and bagging plants in the North of the port. The total output of cement from the two plants exceeds 1,000,000T for the year 2002.

Cargo Throughput The Port of Colombo is by far the most utilized, with an annual tonnage throughput of 31,299,173 M/Tons of cargo (Dry Cargo 27,700,487 MT & Liquid Cargo 3,598,686 MT) and 2,220,525 Teus in2004. During 2004 a total of 3,688 vessels called at the Port of Colombo.

The Operational Impact of 365 days Commitments to Company Vision and Core Values and Successful Execution of Strategic Initiatives deliver Results in Key

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Operational Highlighting Figures. 1)Rs.12Bn-- Total Revenue The Company managed to reach total revenue of Rs. 12.0 Bn despite the slow recovery in global economic recession and declining trends in shipping industry. 2)94% --Foreign Revenue Export earnings generated in 2011 was over 94% of the total Revenue. This represents almost 100% foreign generated Shipbuilding revenue. 3)3,200 ---Direct Employment The Company provides direct employment for over 3,200 employees including permanent, project basis and Subcontract employees. 4)Rs.797Mn --Capital Expenditure Company added Rs. 797 Mn capital values for yard productivity improvements and infrastructure development during 2011. 5)Rs.18Bn.-----New Shipbuilding Orders Six new ship-building contracts secured in 2011 including 4 Platform Supply Vessels to Singapore and 2 Nos 400 Passenger Vessels to India. 6)72% ----Waste Re-use Total waste generation of 13,986 MT and 72% these waste are re-used & collected. 7)4 Nos Delivery of New Vessel Delivery of 4 vessels in one nancial year. Three of these deliveries are for foreign ship owners and one for local. 8)100% ---- Employee Retention. Despite many economical downturns both locally and globally, we have had no employee resignation during 2011.

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OPERATIONS IN HAMBANTOTA PORT:

The SLPA had decided to divert all vehicle shipments to the Ruhunu Magampura International port from May 31 as a measure to relieve the congestion at Sri Lanka's main port Colombo Harbour. On June 6, 2012, Ruhunu Magampura International Port officially started Transshipment Operations with the "N4K FRICIA" ship from Japan containing 15 vehicles and the "Ellision Sun" with 1000 vehicles from Chennai Horbour, India.

OPERATIONS & FACILITIES IN VISAKHAPATNAM PORT:

LOGISTICS: Railway network : Railway network at port of Visakhapatnam largest among Indian ports with 200 km rail & 60% rail coefficient. It interface with all states and at to Pakistan and Bangladesh. It is equipped with 15 WDS-6 locos of 1400hp and 3WDG-3 locos of 3100hp Road network : Total road network is about 85 kms. CARGO PROFILE : EXPORTS Iron ore & pellets Thermal coal POL products Alumina Steel&pig iron Calcined pet coke Container cargo Others Total Transshipment million tones 19.1 3.5 2.1 .6 .5 .3 1.3 1.7 29.1 5.6 million tones 11.6 7.3 3.3 2.6 .8 .9 1.2 5.6 33.3 68 IMPORTS Crude oil & product Coking coal Fertilizers Steam coal Fert.raw materials LAM & PET coke Container cargo Others Total Grand total

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EXPORTS AND IMPORTS Imports Major imports are crude oil and fertilizers. Country of origin for coal is Australia and Middle East, oil products is Malaysia and coke is China and Indonesia. Exports Export products are iron ore, iron ore pellets and alumina. The largest export destination is Singapore, taking 0.7 Mt POL and 0.3 Mt containerized cargo. Bangladesh takes 0.6 Mt, of which 0.4 Mt blast furnace slag.

FACILITIES :Cargo Handling Equipment - Port is equipped with cargo transfer systems such as electric wharf cranes (18nos.- 6 to 15 tons capacity), mobile cranes (4nos.- 40 to 75 tons capacity), forklift trucks (43nos.- 3 to 12 tons capacity), floating cranes ( 60 and 150 tons capacity), gantry cranes (2nos.- 50 tons capacity), pay loader (5 nos.- 1.7 to 3.5cubic meters) and locos (700 H.P - 6 nos. and 1400 H.P- 19 nos.). Container Handling Equipment It includes gantry cranes (2 nos.), spreaders (2 nos.), mobile cranes (capacity of 18,000 tons per day per crane of 4 nos.),top lift carrier (42 ton capacity), standby generator (320 KVA),covered storage area (3000 sq.mtrs.), open storage area (1 lakh sq.mtrs.) and fork lift trucks (43 nos.).The port will continue to benefit from its natural strengths, but its current biggest weakness is the inefficiency in operations and its future position is being threatened by the proximity of the competing ports as well as the bureaucratic procedures.

PARAMETER Avg .pre berthingdetention Port account Overall

MOU target

2011-12

2010-11

2.64 56.64

2.30 70.95 2.34 5.82 10671 2247

2.40 69.57 2.39 5.97 10139 2237

Avg turn around time Port account Overall account Output per ship berth day Number of vessels

2.35 5.00 10600

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REFERENCES:
http://www.cdl.lk/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/Colombo-Dockyard-Annual-Report2011.pdf http://www.ft.lk/2011/07/04/port-of-colombo-%E2%80%93-the-way-forward/ http://www.srilankaexpo.com/products-a-services http://www.srilankaexpo.com/products-a-services www.ship-technology.com www.slpa.lk www.cdl.lk www.vizagport.com

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