OUTLINE I.

Introduction In linguistics, grammar is the set of structural rules that governs the composition of clauses, phrases, and words in any given natural language. The term refers also to the study of such rules, and this field includes morphology, syntax, and phonology, often complemented by phonetics, semantics, and pragmatics. Linguists do not normally use the term to refer to orthographical rules, although usage books and style guides that call themselves grammars may also refer to spelling and punctuation. Translation is the transfer of one written language into another written language without changing the meaning, register or nuances of the source language and without additions or omissions. Thesis Statement : The importance of linguistics aspetcs in translation help the translator to Transforming the source language to target language, identifying meaning of a text, and uncover linguistics problems. II. Topic sentence A. Transforming Explanation B. Identifying meaning of a text Explanation C. uncover Translation problems Explanation Examples

III . Conclusion

INTRODUCTION
The Importance of Linguistics Aspects in Translation In linguistics, grammar is the set of structural rules that governs the composition of clauses, phrases, and words in any given natural language. The term refers also to the study of such rules, and this field includes morphology, syntax, and phonology, often complemented by phonetics, semantics, and pragmatics. Linguists do not normally use the term to refer to orthographical rules, although usage books and style guides that call themselves grammars may also refer to spelling and punctuation. Translation is the transfer of one written language into another written language without changing the meaning, register or nuances of the source language and without additions or omissions. Translation is studying the lexicon, grammatical structure, communication situation, and cultural context of the source language text, analyzing it in order to determine its meaning, and then reconstructing this same meaning using lexicon and grammatical structure which are appropriate in the receptor language and its cultural context.

Transforming
The difficulty and diversity of language system, abundance and the structural differentiation, meaning diversity and contextual synonym resources. The existence of various transforming make translator confused and difficult to do their job that related with several choices. According to Moentaha (2006, p.108) Grammatical transformation which also called syntatic transformation is a grammatical transformation without changing lexical components. It used to create dynamic model of translation. Dynamic model of translation forming reflected in E.Nida masterpieces. He focuses on the Translation as a process, by using theoritical instrument called generative grammatical. Prior to the transfer of the text from source to receptor language (Nida's designated term for what is more commonly known as target language), two types of grammatical analysis are applied, grammatical and lexical. Drawing on Chomsky's framework as a mechanism to find solutions to the translation problems encountered by Bible translators for whom he acted as a consultant, Nida uses the concept of transformations and kernel sentences in order to account for the need for syntactic divergence from the source text in translation. If, for instance, a language uses nouns only to denote concrete objects, the transfer into another language of nouns denoting events would require the application of 'back-transformations' in order to arrive at the kernel sentences to be used in translation. A biblical phrase such as 'the creation of the world' from Ephesians 1:4 would therefore need to be 'transformed' into 'God created the world' in order for the original English noun phrase to be translated. Kuhiwczak & Littau (2007, p. 51) has stated that, The approach to translation in an educational context, whereby words and grammatical structures in the source language were replaced with their 'correct' equivalents in the target

language, did not fail to leave its mark on the generations of translators regularly subjected to the process.

Identifying meaning of a text

Grammar gives you the general and main facts about a text: statements, questions, requests, purpose, reason, condition, time, place, doubt, feeling, certainty. Grammar indicates who does what to whom, why, where, when, how. Lexis is narrower and sharper; it describes objects (animate, inanimate, abstract), actions (processes and states) and qualiEies; or, roughiy, nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs. Grammar indicates the relations between them, for instance through prepositions of time and place or through the shorthand of pronouns. (Newmark, 1988, p.125)

As translators, we are interested in grammar only as a transmitter of meaning. Therefore Bloomfieldian or 'structuralist* grammar, stretching as far as and including Zellig Harris, is of little interest to us, since it excludes meaning, and the grammars of Saussure and Chomsky, since they deal with langue and 'competence' rather than parole and 'performance' respectively, i.e., with the principles of language rather than with authentic texts, are, as I see it, not very helpful; one can build a theory round the transition from a SL surface through a universal deep to a TL surface structure, but it often becomes an academic exercise.

In the translation process, the first thing to do is understanding the total meaning of the source text. There are 3 types that can be determined in the analysis of meaning of the source text, Grammatical meaing, referential meaning, conotative meaning.

Grammatical meaning when one thinks of meaning, it is inevitabilty in terms of words or idioms. According to choliludin (2009, p.33) Generally grammar is taken for granted since it seems to be merely a set of arbitrary rules about arrangements, rules that seem to have any meaning. A comparison of John hit Bill and Bill hit John should convince us that grammar has meaning. The First word which performs the action of second word, and the third word identifies the goals of the action. In grammar we have pragmatics and semantic aspect too when we translating a text.

Uncover Translation problems

In translation process, there are many problems appear. Even the experienced translator face some problems in translating, in this chapter, I try to explain the problems that always made by translator. First, According to Choliludin (2009, pp.48-49) they never analyze the elements of the sentence (Subject, object, predicate). It is important to know for the translator because its a minimum requirement in translating. For example : The determination of the degree to which Sanskritloan-words show javanese influence in their meaning forms a rewarding subject of investigations for linguists. The result of the translation in Bahasa are like this : Seberapa jauh kata-kata pungut dari bahasa sanskerta memperlihatkan pengaruh jawa di bidang maknanya perlu ditentukan; pokok soal penelitian ini sungguh menggairahkan bagi para ahli lingusitik. Maybe the author couldnt determine the main verb and he didnt analyze i t first. And I believe that the author didnt make the word forms as a main-verb. Second, Tenses. As we know there are many tenses in English. In translating we also face about time reference. If we want to translate from English to Indonesian or Indonesian to English. We have to know the context first, when it happens first so we can determine the time reference. Last is Plural and singular form. According to Moentaha (2006, p.15)The difference between indonesia and English is Indonesian doesnt have a specific characteristics in determine the plural and singular form.

Conclusion
Finally, grammar is quietly take effect in the process of translation, from the transforming process from souurce text to the target language so we can make a dynamic of translation, and then we also can identifying meaning from a text, it;s important when we want to translate a text. Because, we have to know first the context and then we can choose an appropriate words. And the last is to uncover the translation problems like, singular and plural form, tenses, and never analyze the elements of a sentence so it makes the text looks odd.

References

Choliludin. (2009). The technique of making idiomatic translation. Jakarta: Kesaint blanc.

Littau, P. K. (2007). A companion to translation studies . New york: British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data.

Moentaha, S. (2006). Bahasa dan terjemahan. Jakarta: kesaint blanc . Newmark, P. (1988). A textbook of translation. New jersey: Prentke Hall International.

The Importance of Grammar in Translation

Adri Budi Setiawan 1012150030 MID TEST WRITING CLASS A

FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND TEACHERS TRAINING CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY OF INDONESIA 2013