HP-UX Overview and Command Summary Bootup/Shutdown

shutdown -r 0 --> reboot shutdown -h now --> shutdown and halt shutdown 0 --> shutdown to single user mode reboot 0 --> reboot init 1 - single user mode hpux -is boots single user mode Interupting the boot process: Configuration Menu Information Menu Service Menu GSP Mode From the console hit <ctrl><b> Hit <Enter> at the GSP console login (default is no password) Now low level commands can be entered o ps --> power status To reboot to single user mode: 1. shutdown -r 0 2. hit <space> during 10 sec window to interrupt reboot 3. enter: <b><o> 4. interact with ipl? yes 5. hpux -is (i=init, s=single user) To reboot manually to init 3 level 1. shutdown -r 0 2. <space> during 10 sec window 3. bo 4. interact with ipl --> yes 5. hpux -is (i=init, s=single user mode) 6. mount -a 7. init 3 Startup/Shutdown Scripts /sbin/init.d /sbin/rc0.d /sbin/rc1.d /sbin/rc2.d These are all linked to actual scripts in /sbin/init.d scripts with k are kill scripts and scripts with s are start scritps.

/sbin/rc3.d /sbin/rc4.d /etc/rc.config.d --> Scripts

CIFS (Samba)
/opt/etc/samba/smb.conf

Device Management
HP-UX is a hardware path based operating system. When it boots up it does a hardware detection. It then compares the hardware that it detects with the hardware that is listed in /etc/ioconfig. If new hardware is detected, it is assigned the next available configuration information in the proper hardware path. rmsf - remove special files insf - install special files insf -C disk -e <-- This command will re-install all of the device files for the class "disk" lsdev <-- Lists devices and drivers in the system ioscan <-- searches for all devices and displays their hardware path ioscan -fnC disk <-- searches for all devices of class (C) disk ioscan -fnH <LUN> <-- searches for a LUN last 2 digits of hardware path in the LUN in octal (1/12/0/0.1.23) Disk Devices A disk device will have a name in the following format: c#t#d# c# is the card number t# is the target number d# is the LUN - this is normally 0 unless RAID is being utilized scsictl -a /dev/rdsk/c?t?d? <-- display control parameter information about the disk device scsictl -a -m queue_depth=4 -m queue_depth /dev/rdsk/c?t?d? <-- sets the queue depth CD-ROM Devices nohup /usr/sbin/pfs_mountd & - starts process nohup /usr/sbin/pfds & - starts process

pfs_mount -o xlat=unix /dev/dsk/c0t1d0 /cdrom Cdrom won't eject: 1. pfs_umount -c OR 2. kill -9 pfs_mountd and kill -9 mountd

- mounts cdrom

Cdrom won't mount using: pfs_mount -o xlat=unix /dev/dsk/c0t1d0 /cdrom 1. nohup /usr/sbin/pfs_mountd & 2. nohup /usr/sbin/pfsd 3. /usr/sbin/pfs_mount /cdrom <-- this uses mounting information in /etc/pfs_fstab 7400 Disk Array armdsp -a va7400 <-- real time display of the disk array armmgr -D va7400 HPA6189A00SG218H0024 armdiscover /opt/sanmgr/commandview/client/sbin --> Tells us the serial number armhost -d <Array Worldwide Name> <Serial #> armhost -d 50060b000014e313 00SG218J0024 ioscan -fnc disk | more cvui - creates luns Choose storage array Create LUN o Find last LUN o Create with new lun number View existing luns Process to export disk configuration to a file: sam --> actions-->export volume group name --> mapfile name Fibre Channel Devices ioscan -fknC fc <-- Lists fibre channel adapters. To identify the devices: ls -l /dev/fc* fcmsutil - utility for fibre channel operations fcmsutil /dev/<device> Procedure to run fcmsutil on a fibre channel: ioscan -fnC disk|more --> Identify hw path of fibre channel adapter ioscan -fnH 1/0/0/0 --> Identify device of fibre channel adapter or ls /dev/fc* on older adapters (arbitrated loop)

fcmsutil /dev/fcms2 stat --> fcmsutil that shows status of fibre channel adapter

Logs
/etc/rc.log /var/adm/sw/swagent.log /var/adm/syslog/syslog.log /etc/shutdownlog /var/tombstones/ts99 Startup Log Software package installation log System Error Log Shutdown Log Crash log

Login Environment
/etc/profile - main profile for all users /etc/profile.env export TMPDIR=/tmpsort export TEMPDIR=/tmpsort source a profile: ". ./profile"

Changing prompt: export PS1=$(hostname):'$PWD # ' This gives a prompt that has the hostname followed by the current directory, ending in the # (useful for root logins).

Networking
netstat -a <--ports netstat -i <--interfaces netstat -r <--routing table netstat -rv <--routing table and subnet mask lanscan - provides hardware information about the nics in the server lanadmin - menu driven interface to administer lan nics lanadmin -x 0 bypass menu and show lan driver specific options for nic with id 0 lanadmin -X 100FD 0 - bypass menu and set nic at id 0 to 100 MBS, Full Duplex ioscan -fnkC lan - shows ioscan information for device type "lan"

lanscan -i|awk '{print $1}'|xargs -i ifconfig {} -> does an ifconfig on all defined interfaces on that server Changing the IP Address and Subnet mask: set_parms ip_address Then supply ip address and subnet mask when prompted. This process will require a reboot. Changing the Default Gateway cd rc.config.d vi netconf

Network Time Protocol (NTP)

ntpq -p --> lists ntp peers and their time sync status ntpq -p <server fqdn or ip address> --> lists time sync status with that server (slightly different detail than ntpq -p) /etc/ntp.conf --> configuration file Changes to the configuration require ntp daemon (xntpd) be stopped and restarted (restart is not recognized): /sbin/init.d/xntpd stop /sbin/init.d/xntpd start

Printing
Command cancel hppi ls -d<destination> -o<optioni> file lpadmin lpsched -v lpstat pr .profile | lp -n3 pr -o10 -l64 -F -h <HEADER> <file> | lp /etc/lp lists jobs in queue. -s -t prints prints using margins of 10, page length of 64, header on each page jet admin prints a file Description deletes print jobs from queue

/usr/lib/lp /var/adm/lp /var/spool/lp /etc/lp/interface - interface scripts /var/sam/lp/lpinfo Migrating the printer configuration from one server to another server using SAM: On the source server: SAM --> Printers & Plotters --> LP Spooler --> Save/Restore Spooler Configuration Actions --> Save Spooler Configuration o This saves the information in the directory /var/sam/lp Save this directory using tar: "tar -cvf /tmp/lp.tar /var/sam/lp" Copy this tar file to the destination server On the destination server: Extract this file: "tar -xvf lp.tar" SAM --> Printers & Plotters --> LP Spooler --> Save/Restor Spooler Configuration Actions --> Restore Spooler Configuration

Performance Monitoring
top j moves forward pages in the display k moves backwared pages in the display glance (if installed) sar -q sar -u sar -d vmstat vminfo

Process Management
Command inetd -c Description Causes inet to reload /etc/inetd.conf

inetd -l ps -ef | grep PROD /sbin/init.d/<script> [start| stop]

starts logging in /var/adm/syslog/syslog.log list all processes, but only show those processes that have "PROD" in them If the script exists, this will stop and start the associated processes.

/etc/services --> Lists the services and their configuration /etc/inetd.conf --> Lists the services and their configuration /var/adm/inetd.sec --> This file contains security information on who may request a particular process

Remote Access
rcp <source> remote_machine:<path> remsh <host> rlogin <host> .rhosts file needs to be configured or else you will be prompted for username and password (located in home directory) last -R - gives address information of last remote login, useful for troubleshooting

Software Installation and Management

To install patches and software use: swinstall --> This will lauch the gui or swinstall -x <option> -x <option> -s <path to depot> --> This will still lauch the gui, but the parameters will be preselected. This is use to allow selection of additional parameters that may not be selectable from the gui itself (such as the logging levels below) For example some popular options are: -x mount_all_filesystems=false -x logdetail=true -x loglevel=2 Note:

To install a depot you must specify the complete path to the depot and the depot name. To install patches you must specify the complete path to the directory that has the patch files.

Location of logfiles: /var/adm/sw/swagent.log /var/adm/sw/swinstall.log Listing all Software swlist -l product | more Checking for Specific Software swlist -l product | grep <SEARCH STRING> Checking for Specific Patches swlist -l product| grep PH | more then search for a specific patch (ie PHNE_XXXXX) Manually applying patches Patches can be applied using swinstall, just as depots are installed swlist -l patch -a patch_state PHKL_25475 swcopy -s /tmp/*.depot -\*@/var/spool/sw Cleaning up after applying patches: cleanup cleanup -c n <-- commits patches that have been superseded n number of times. Useful to free up disk space in /var/adm/sw/save. cleanup -p <-- previews the actual cleanup tasks but does not actually perform the cleanup check_patches show_patches Creating a single patch depot out of multiple individual depots: From the directory that has all of the individual depots run this command line script: for i in PH*.depot do swcopy -x enforce_dependencies=false -s ${PWD}/$i \* @ /tmp/patch_depot /tmp/patch_depot is the destination directory done

<--

System Information

Note: See section on STM, detailed system information is available with this utility Also SAM -->Performance Monitors --> System Properties OS Information uname -a - display general information e.g. OS release, node name, machine ID number, etc print $(uname -i)16op|dc hex system id /opt/itor/bin/i4target -v spu file /stand/vmunix <-- shows whether 64 bit or 32 bit kernel getconf KERNEL_BITS <--shows whether 64 bit or 32 bit kernel Memory Information dmesg|grep Phy <-- List amount of physical ram in server cat syslog|grep Phy <-- List amount of physical ram in server echo phys_mem_pages/D|adb -k /stand/vmunix /dev/kmem <-- Lists amount of 4K Memory pages in HPUX 11.x echo "memory_installed_in_machine/D" | adb -k /stand/vmunix /dev/mem |tail -1 | awk '$2 > 0 { print $2 / 256 }' <-- Lists memory in MB. echo "physmem/D" | adb /stand/vmunix /dev/kmem <-- Lists amount of 4K Memory pages in HPUX 10.x model <-- information about the model of the workstation/server sam --> Performance Monitors --> System Properties --> Memory Tab CPU Information ioscan -fnC processor <-- shows information about each processor found echo "itick_per_usec/D" | adb -k /stand/vmunix /dev/mem | tail -1 <-- Shows CPU Speed in MHZ sam --> Performance Monitors --> System Properties -->Processor Tab echo itick_per_tick/D | adb /stand/vmunix /dev/kmem - gives processor speed grep model /usr/lib/sched.models - gives type of processor for 10.X systems grep model /opt/langtools/lib/sched.models - gives processor type for 11.X systems

Changing the Server Name and the IP Address Using set_parms --> may not work correctly for multiple nics o set_parms hostname ( a reboot is required for the change to take effect)

It will prompt you for the new hostname It will prompt you to reboot (answer no if you are also changing the ip address) o set_parms ip_address ( a reboot is required for the change to take effect) It will prompt you for the new ip address It will prompt you to reboot Manually makiing the change: o vi /etc/hosts o vi /etc/rc.config.d/netconf <-- ** Make sure that no extra files are in the /etc/rc.config.d directory - it gets sourced on bootup o reboot Other files that may need to checked/changed o /etc/resolv.conf o /etc/nsswitch.conf

System Tuning
Extract Current System File cd /stand/build /usr/lbin/sysadm/system_prep -s /stand/build/system o file is called system o section called "Tunable Parameters" kmtune - displays the tunable parameters kmtune -l <-- This displays a detailed report of the parameters (current, planned, default, minimum, etc) sam allows you to tune the kernel Manual Kernel Build (not using sam) --> /usr/sbin/mk_kernel -s /stand /build/system

STM
diaglogd /var/opt/resmon/log Procedure to use STM to determine memory configuration Type stm at the command line Type o to select ok Press the down arrow in the displayed map and select memory by hitting the space bar Press tab to go to menus and arrow over to Tools and hit enter Select Information -> and hit enter Select Information Log and hit enter Information Tool Log for Memory will be displayed

To print either select Print or SaveAs (to save the log to file for later printing)

Command Script to print useful information to a file called info echo "sel path system; info; wait; infolog >view >done >"lcstm>info #cat info print_manifest (located in /var/opt/ignite/local/manifest/manifestinfo ??) Command Script to print useful information cstm cstm>Map cstm>SelAll cstm>Information cstm>Infolog cstm>exit Command Script to print useful information (not sure this is complete/correct) cstm cstm>SelClass type "Disk" qualifier "All" cstm>info;wait cstm>il cstm>create /tmp/disk.stm cstm>done cstm>quit cstm>ok cstm -f /tmp/disk.stm

Terminal Environment
TERM - environmental variable indicating type of terminal stty termio /usr/share/lib/terminfo setup string for xterm: /usr/bin/X11 -ls -d @D $DISPLAY=192.168.70.80:0.0 $TERM = xterm

stty stty -all Running Exceed --> xstart <ctrl> Rightl Click --> Huge Starting an X-Window application from telnet start an X-Window server on the PC, such as exceed export DISPLAY=W.X.Y.Z:0.0 <---W.X.Y.Z is the IP Address of the PC /opt/ignite/bin/ignite <---Now just run the program Configuring an HP 700/96 Terminal for a server connection: Terminal Ports o Port 1 Datacommunications 25 Pin - use this to connect to the N class server with a 25 pin to 9 pin cable o Port 2 - used to connect to an external peripheral Parallel 25 Pin o Port 3 Datacommunications 9 Pin - use this port to connect to the A class server with a 9 pin to 25 pin cable Terminal Configuration Settings o Press User/System function key modes Remote Mode must have an asterisk in it's box (indicating it is selected) config keys datacomm config baud rate 9600 parity: none/8 xon/xoff terminal config serial (2)/parallel(1) - 25 pin console port serial (1)/parallel(1) - 9 pin console port Term ID - vt100 Term Mode - em100 ansi config em100 backspace/del

Users Administration
Creating Users sam --> user and group accounts useradd -g users -d <homedirectory> Username Creating Groups sam --> user and group accounts groupadd Groupname

Useful Commands
Command <esc><esc> or <esc>\ file * find <path> -name <name> -print grep groups <username> kmtune listusers -g <group> ln -s <file or directory> <symbolic link> pr -o10 -l64 -F -h <HEADER> <file> | lp rcp <source> remote_machine:<path> remsh <host> rlogin <host> sar set_parms tail -f <file> top uname -a print $(uname -i)16op|dc who -u, who -Rm Change host name (/etc/set_parms) Looks at end of file and keeps it open to watch changes realtime display of processes information about the system prints hex system id who is using the system Shows groups for a user Displays kernel tunable parameters Lists the users in a group Creates a symbolic link to a file or a directory prints using margins of 10, page length of 64, header on each page remote copy opens a remote command shell on the host machine remote login to host machine autocompletion Show file types, such as "ascii". Finds a file in the OS at the starting path on down Description

Process to recover from a lost/forgotten root password

1. Power off the server 2. Power on the server 3. Interupt the boot process during the 10 second interval (display will indicate this on the screen) 4. bo pri 5. Answer yes to interact with the ipl 6. At the prompt "hpux -is" for single user mode 7. cd /sbin 8. passwd root and follow prompts to put in new password 9. shutdown -r 0 to reboot to multiuser mode

Oracle Procedures:
I have a need to remove some semaphores and a memory segment from a sun box to clean up a failed Oracle instance. The server has several Oracle Instances and allocated memory segments and I need to identify the proper one to 'ipcrm -m' on.....Does anyone know how I get more detail as to the owner of the segments? Thanks, Thomas Unfortunately I was using that syntax to begin with and only gets me limited data, however by ipcs -pmb and ipcs -sa I was able to identify all oracle semaphore id's and memory segment id's. Then by connecting to the surviving instances, doing a dump of that instance memory and semaphore maps, I was able to determine which id's not to remove from memory, thus enabling me to clean up the failing instance memory. Thanks, Thomas