Shaista Farooq 11PA

Conclusion
The graph shows that during exercise the heart rate increases rapidly, there is a huge difference between heart beats per minute from before exercise to after exercise, reasons for this being is because your muscles cells need more oxygen when you exercise compared to being at rest. When you exercise your cardiovascular system works harder to bring oxygen to your tissue. You heart, blood vessels and lungs work harder. This raises our cardiac output, thus leading to an increased heart beat. With each beat, the chambers of the heart are contracting, forcing blood through the circulatory system. When a person begins to exercise, the contracting muscles require additional oxygen to continue at the given workload. The heart is signalled to increase its rate of contraction, pumping more oxygenated blood through the circulatory system to the muscles. The more blood that is pumped, the more oxygen the muscles are able to uptake Looking at my graph, clear relations are shown, as activity increases so does the rate of your heart beat, though there is variation amongst the average of before and after exercise heart beats per minute due to the fitness of students, fitness related to how efficiently your body can release useful energy from your food and oxygen. If you exercise regularly, your body is more efficient. Therefore your body requires less oxygen to produce the same amount of ATP, and therefore have lower heart rates as you do not require a high blood flow. In this case, judging on my results, person 1 seems to be the fittest out of the 4 people with a resting heart rate of 74 and after exercise heart rate of 158. Whereas the least fittest person, being person 2 seemed to have a faster heart rate when exercising, due to their body being less efficient with a resting heart rate of 78 and an after exercise heart rate of 170. My graph confirms my prediction, as exercise does affect heart rate. It also proves that my results are accurate and reliable, as I have used scientific knowledge to back up my predictions. I conclude that my results are precise and trustworthy, and exercise does affect heart rate.

Shaista Farooq 11PA

Evaluation
To keep the investigation fair, each test was repeated 3 times. If an experiment is carried out there may well be mistakes which the user cannot recover and may record the information drawing out false conclusions leading to a wrong investigation. For this particular reason, tests were repeated, to draw out anomalous results. These results would be much different compared to others. For example in person 2, after exercise attempt 1, the heart rate seemed to be allot higher in contrary to the other results, reasons for this could be due to human errors. Other than this there were none that were totally unexpected and completely went against my prediction. Throughout this experiment, I chose to keep the following variable the same to ensure reliable results; the equipment I used was kept the same, the form of exercise I chose to conduct was the same to ensure results were as stable and correlated as possible, also the investigation was taken on the same day and not in intervals. By controlling the above variable, it will keep the outcome of our results as reliable as possible. Our investigation was fairly accurate as we measured the heart rate though the carotid artery, although this is not a direct measure of the heart, the ripple felt is directly proportional to the heart rate. So as a result by measuring the pulse rate we were measuring the heart rate. Looking back at my experiment, I have found upon doing this experiment, looking at my table of results that there were quite a few areas that could be improved and/or extended on to making my results far more precise. The pace of the person carrying out the trial may have varied in several cases, which could evidentially lead to an inaccurate result as it could affect the heart rate. Way to improve this could be done, by carrying out the experiment on a treadmill, this way the pace of the person running would be kept constant, and time, distance and pace would be kept controlled. Also the trial runs we done were carried out consecutively, one after the other, allowing less to time for the person to rest, and for their heart rate to return to normal. The experiment was carried out during a short period time, as doing this experiment in school, gave us a limited amount of time. If we were given a longer period of time, the results would be far more accurate. Another thing that may have been carried out inaccurately may have been the measure of the heart rate, it took us quite a while to find the persons pulse rate, which allowed the heart rate to be slowed by then. The only way to accurately measuring the heart rate would be to use a data logger. The data logger is a heart rate sensor which takes the heart rate directly during exercise. This would produce far more accurate results because the heart rate could be taken during exercise rather than after it. I feel that my results have been very accurate despite some minor human errors being made, and I am very pleased that my predictions have all been proved correct.

Shaista Farooq 11PA

Aim:
The aim of this investigation was to see how exercise affects heart rate I am trying to find out how exercise affects the pulse rate. I will be taking my pulse rate after I done some exercise, which in this case is running for a certain distance. I will plan to run for a time period of 3 minutes each. Another member of my group is going to be takeing my pulse rate every minute, 3 times. As we have no heart monitors we are going to have to rely on our own readings using our fingers. The first result I will be gathering is my resting heart rate. This will be show in beats per minute (b.p.m), how fast my heart is beating before I begin to exercise when at rest. Taking my resting pulse rate, will enable me to see how my heart rate varies on graphs and tables from my results. I will then compare these results to those of the after exercise heart rate results, but looking at the comparisons Id be able to judge whether or not exercise affects heart rate or not.

Prediction
Exercise, the rhythmic contraction of muscles for an extended period of time, creates a demand in the muscles for additional oxygen, which is needed to burn energy to keep the muscle working. Because of this demand, the heart must beat faster in order to deliver additional oxygen to the working muscles. Your breathing also picks up as the demand for oxygen increases. The harder you exercise, the harder your heart beats. Judging on this I predict, that the heart rate would increase rapidly after exercise, and would be greatly higher than that of the resting heart rate.