ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY II WAJ 3103

DECLARATION FORM

I hereby declare that all my assignment coursework for English Language Academic is an original place of work prepared by myself in my own words and I did not copy or plagiaries any part of the paper that I have submitted. I hereby acknowledge, that I: Please check i. Have acknowledged all work and ideas in my assignment taken from printed and electronically published resources; ii. iii. iv. Did not copy from any other resources or another student; Did not allow another student copy my assignment; and Have faithfully represented the views of authors cited in my paper / / / /

Therefore, I ___________________________ (students name) understand that if any the above is found to be untrue, Institute Pendidikan Guru Malaysia, Campus Perlis has the full right to take any disciplinary action that the Institute deems fit as denoted under the Coursework For English Language Academic. .. (signature) Name :

I /C. No : Date :

ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY II WAJ 3103

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the name of Allah, the most gracious and most merciful. A special Thanks to: Pn Ernie Binti Adnan, our English Language Proficiency lecturer who teach and give me a lot of information in this project ,all my friends for their co-operation and dedication,and classmates for their guidance and support to make sure my coursework finish with fully success.

A token of appreciation and thanks to my family, and everyone involved in my coursework. Thank you.

ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY II WAJ 3103

INTRODUCTION

A report is a detailed and well-organised document that defines and analyses a subject or a problem. A report should always be accurate, concise, clearly written, and well structured. A report might also record a sequence of events, evaluate a product or a process, discuss a series of proposals, or make a number of recommendations. A report is a very formal document that is written for a variety of purposes in the sciences, social sciences, engineering or business disciplines. Report writing is aimed to provide information so that others can make decision or take action. A report should include all the information necessary for the reader to understand the topic under discussion and make informed decisions about it. There are many types of formal reports and the format of a report depends on its type, purpose, and intended audience. All reports have only one aim, which is to communicate information to others and it is vital that the writer know their role as a writer and what it is required to convey in the report. Generally, findings pertaining to a given or specific task are written up into a report. It should be noted that reports are considered to be legal documents in the workplace and, thus, they need to be precise, accurate and difficult to misinterpret. Example of report are company's annual report, community centre's funding report detailing how a grant of money was spent and report on sport's day for school magazine.

ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY II WAJ 3103

HOW TO WRITE A REPORT

Writing a report is often a major undertaking for many people. The task can be made easier by breaking it down into a series of steps. The following are recommended as guidelines for writing reports. Stage 1 Choose the type of report Firstly you must choose the type of report which you want to create. Stage 2 Decide the purpose of report The purpose of a report will have an effect on both its content and the manner in which it is presented. A good starting point is to write out the purpose of the report in a sentence or two. This purpose statement will help you to focus on your primary needs. It will help you by giving the report both a starting point and a goal. Stage 3 Choose report sub-headings Choose the sub-headings for your report from the following list. Doing this at the planning stage will help you to write a clear report which is easy for your recipient to read. Arrange the sub-headings in conjunction with your main headings at a later stage. Stage 4 Assess your data Before sitting down to write your report, make sure you have all the research data to hand. Mark out each part of the data, allocating it to one of your sub-headings. If you have some data which doesnt fit any of the sub-headings, think carefully about whether to create a heading which fits the data or whether to discard the data as irrelevant. It is perfectly normal to gather data which is not needed in the final report. Do not feel obliged to include material just because it exists. Stage 5 Draft the report Draft your report in short sections, under each one of your headings or sub-headings. This way, you will be able to rearrange the sequence, or delete some content. Working in short sections makes writing an easier process. Use the following guidelines for drafting the sections. Stage 6 Edit and proof read Editing is the process of checking your work very carefully in order to remove any spelling mistakes, check your grammar, make your punctuation consistent and re-write any clumsy expressions. Proof reading is the very last stage of making any changes. At

ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY II WAJ 3103

this point it is assumed that the content of the report has been checked for accuracy, grammar, and punctuation.

DRAFT 1(GRAPHIC ORGANIZER)

REPORT WRITING

Edit and proof read

Choose the type of report

Draft the report HOW TO WRITE A REPORT Assess your data

Decide the purpose of report

Choose report subheadings

ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY II WAJ 3103

TYPES OF REPORT

1. A meeting report communicates the details of a meeting to people who did not attend. It may also go to people who did attend, as a summary of events for future reference. The minutes of a meeting record the major points made by a group of two or more people who conduct a meeting. 2. A project report is a record kept by the project manager, and is presented to management or sponsors. It usually details chronologically the events, achievements and attainment of a projects targets and objectives. 3. A feasibility report is similar to a problem-recommendation report but it describes one possible solution in detail and makes recommendations. 4. A sales report gives the details of a salespersons contact with a specific customer or company indicating whether or not sales have been made. 5. A status report tells the management what has been happening on a project, and to what degree it is going according to plan. 6. A problem recommendation report outlines the writers investigation into a particular problem and recommends a course of action to solve the problem 7. A site-visit report summarises the conditions which obtain at a particular location in relation to a project such as the construction of a building. 8. A company report is the record of a business and its recent history, made usually at the end of a financial year. It combines management strategies, sales results, and accounts.

ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY II WAJ 3103 DRAFT 2(GRAPHIC ORGANIZER)

company report site-visit report

meeting report

problem recommendati on report

project report

TYPES OF REPORT

status report sales report

feasibility report

ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY II WAJ 3103

HOW TO COMPOSE AN EFFECTIVE REPORT

The key to write an effective report is to just stick to the facts. We must focus on the most important details. The best reports give a clear and concise explanation of the topic at hand. Many people believe that a report has to be long and inundated with details, but in truth, an effective report will get right to the point of the matter in a concise manner. Before you start writing the report first create a bulleted list of all of the topics that you need to discuss. You can then organize the report based on this information.

Firstly, you must outline your report before you write it. Create general sections, and then divide those sections into smaller subsections with titles that are descriptive and easy to follow. Make the outline into a table of contents and include the table of contents at the beginning of the report, so the reader will be able to easily reference the report's information.

Next, determine your audience. Who will be reading this report? This will help you to decide on the tone of the report. Decide whether it's informal or formal. Regardless of the tone you use, write with plain, straightforward language and avoid "corporate speak," jargon and big words. You must maintain a formal and yet pleasant tone.

Start the report off with an executive summary. Summarize the key points. Use bullets for simplicity and to draw attention to the main objectives of the report. Come back to this executive summary after the report is complete to confirm that you have captured all the most important details.

Then, provide specific details on each subsection that you outlined in the first step. Divide them into short paragraphs. Each paragraph should not exceed four or five sentences. Avoid elaborate descriptions: State your point, relevant statistics, or suggested actions, and move onto the next section.

Use visuals in moderation to illustrate your points. Graphs, charts and photos that support your findings will help the reader grasp the concepts. You also may elaborate your point with examples. Minimize the page count if you want the report to be effective. Don't allow your reader to get lost or intimidated by the length of the report. You want people to read the report in its entirety rather than simply skim it.

ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY II WAJ 3103

Lastly, read the report twice after completing the first draft. Cut out unnecessary words and redundant language. Correct grammar and spelling errors. Allow another reader to look at the report to make sure that it effectively conveys your points.

ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY II WAJ 3103 DRAFT 3(GRAPHIC ORGANIZER)

Cut out unnecessary words and redundant language

outline your report before you write it

read the report twice after completing the first draft

HOW TO COMPOSE AN EFFECTIVE REPORT

determine your audience

Use visuals in moderation to illustrate your points provide specific details on each subsection

Start the report off with an executive summary

ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY II WAJ 3103

A REPORT ON PROGRAMME

Report on English Camp Programme at Tasoh Lake Resort and Retreat, Perlis.

Introduction As the world has become more a global village, English is an essential communication medium particularly in doing daily activities and many more things. A better command of English will help students to interact more effectively with people from other countries, races and people. English Camp is one of the programs arranged by the school English Panel as a means to help students enhance their English Language skill as well as to enhance their performance in the English subject.

Aims of the Programme

The aims of the English Camp programme are to promote the usage of English Language and to provide platform for educational exchanges between the students.

Objectives of the Programme

1. To expose the program participants to variety of activities to promote the use of English language. 2. To provide a platform for collaboration and cooperation of teaching and learning on English Language, science, Mathematics, Arts 3. To encourage educational and cultural exchange of idea, creativity and inventions. 4. To promote social and cultural understanding between the participants.

Duration of Programme

The program was being held for 3 days during year end school holiday each year and previously it was being conducted at Tasoh Lake Resort, Perlis.

Target Group Year 4, 5 and 6.

ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY II WAJ 3103

Report on implementation of programme. This program was being held on 26th-29th December 2012, during year-end school holiday. It was being organized by English Panel of SRK Stella Maris (M) Kangar, Perlis. It was held for 3 days with the participation from 60 students of year 4, 5 and 6 pupils. They are 8 facilitators invited from other schools around Kangar. The participants had a great time honing their English language skills at the year-end school holiday in the Tasoh Lake Resort and Retreat which are very fresh, far from any busy activities and it was a very beautiful place. This camp aimed to help the students enhance their command of English by engaging in lively discussions and group activities. The numbers of activities that have been arranged for this camp are limited only by the organizers imagination and creativity. Activities that have been conducted in this camp are such as treasure hunt, singing, craft, team building, group presentation dramas, sensory games, newspaper activities, physical exercise, and problem solving activities, ice breaker, finding information, worksheet and personal reflection. On the 1st day, most of the activities are more on ice breaker and they tend to know each other well before they were being in their own group. The group being divided according to the numbers so that the participant being separated from their friends. It is to make sure they are mingling around with other pupils also. The next day, most activities are on physical exercises which inquire their physical fitness and their IQ intelligence. Activities conducted are like treasure hunt and group activities. When the Treasure Hunts activities being conducted in the recreation park or camp, then new things can be explored by them. Participants tend to recognize the name of the tree in English word and thats really making them feel very excited. Par ticipants also feel very happy and enjoying the activities done and they learn many things on that day. At night, the participants perform group presentation dramas as their cultural night activity and they enjoying much their activities. And during the final day, participants do some worksheet on English language grammar, play scrabble, problem solving activities, and some games and do some personal reflection. From this activity, they learn many new words and being able to enhance their knowledge in English. The closing ceremony held with the certificate and prize giving ceremony given by the principal and singing activities by the participants of the camp.

ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY II WAJ 3103

REFLECTION

Alhamdulillah, thanks to God because bless me as long as I am finished this English Language Proficiency II WAJ 3103 assignment. For this report writing, I had done learning how to find the material and then Ive got to make a graphic organizer. First of all, I had started this assignment with studies about the article that I find it through the internet. After completing task one, which is graphic organiser, we need to do a report based on a programme or an event that was been held at my school in the year 2011 or 2012. I learn how to make a good report which is length about 500-600 words. I have to get the gist and the main ideas of the point to be put in the report writing. From there, I knew about how to make a report with a logical points and ideas.Besides that, I also know the strategies on how to produce the graphic organizer better then before. This assignment was improve my skill in analyze the materials and extracts a lot of information. In the same time, these assignments make me brave to try used correctly grammar and vocabulary. It encourages me to conquer this language. I had given all of my concentration and focus for this assignment. By doing this, I learn comparing and contrasting an article so that Ill be able to find a good article. Lastly, I was able to collaborate and get guidance from my supervisor. He helped me to identify and correct my mistakes. Finally, I hope that this task can fulfill the requirement of a good assignment. Thank you.

ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY II WAJ 3103

REFERENCES

Chandrasegaran, A. (2007). Think your way to Effective writing(Third Edition). Singapore: Pearson Education. Fletcher, J. (1997). Writing Report. Selangor: Pelanduk publications(M) Sdn Bhd. M., I. (2002). Smart Guide to SPM Essays. Penang: Cerdik Publications. http://www.geocities.com/fifth_grade_tpes/expository.html

http://jc-schools.net/write/grade8.html

http://www.thewritingsite.org/resources/genre/expository.asp

http://www.geosoc.org/schools/pass/wrtstr3.htm

http://www.korepetycje.com/Essays_Articles/expositoryessay.html

ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY II WAJ 3103

APPENDICES

ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY II WAJ 3103 How to write a report What is a report? : Initial preparation : Planning and research : Report structure : Style : Checking

What is a report? A report is a systematic, well organised document which defines and analyses a subject or problem, and which may include: the record of a sequence of events interpretation of the significance of these events or facts evaluation of the facts or results of research presented discussion of the outcomes of a decision or course of action conclusions recommendations Reports must always be: accurate concise clear well structured Various courses require you to write reports (as opposed to essays), notably business and scientific or technical subjects. There are, however, different interpretations of what a report should look like, so it is important that you check with your course tutors and course documentation as to the report format and content expected. In addition, there is at times some blurring between what essays, reports and assignments are, so again check within your department. Much of the advice given in Guide 1.01, How to write an essay, also applies to reports. Initial preparation Always analyse your brief carefully, making sure that you fully understand the topic, question or case, that you know what the purpose of the report is, and who it is being written for. The clearer these things are in your mind, the easier the report will be to write and the more effective it will be. When you are researching, planning and eventually writing, continually ask yourself what the main purpose of the report is, what your objective is in writing it: is it to inform; to argue; to persuade; to evaluate? What does your reader want to see in the report and what will they do with it?

ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY II WAJ 3103 Top of page

Planning and research You first need to decide your basic framework. With your main topic or question as a central focus, jot down your initial thoughts and start to group these together. You may find the Mind Mapping technique useful: see Guide 2.11. Start to divide key ideas from subsidiary information, and continually ask yourself if everything is relevant; if it isnt, then delete it. From your prior knowledge (from reading and lectures), you should be able to put together a fairly basic structure. You will now be able to plan your research. Ask yourself what you need to find out, maybe in the form of questions that need to be answered, then approach your reading from this starting point. If you have specific information to look for, it will make your reading easier and less time consuming. (See Guide 2.02 Reading techniques). Try not to gather too much information. Again, keeping your topic or question in mind, reject anything which is not 100% relevant. When youre making notes, always try to summarise the main points as concisely as possible. Remember to make a comprehensive record of any sources consulted in order to be able to correctly reference these. Make a record of the research methods you used. Top of page Report structure Title page : Acknowledgements : Contents page : Terms of reference : Procedure : Materials and methods : Summary : Introduction : Main body :Results : Conclusion : Recommendations : Appendices : References : Bibliogra phy : Glossary Unlike essays, reports are written in sections with headings and sub-headings, which are usually numbered. Below are the possible components of a report, in the order in which they would appear. Check within your department which of these you should include.

ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY II WAJ 3103 Title page (always included) This should normally include the title, your name and the name of the tutor to whom it is being submitted, date of submission, your course/department, and if applicable, the name of the person and/or organisation who has commissioned the report. Avoid fancy fonts and effects and dont include any clipart.

See Guide 1.24. Acknowledgements (usually just in long reports) A list of people and organisations both within and outside UCE who have helped you.

See Guide 1.26. Contents page (always included in reports of 4+ pages) A clear, well-formatted list of all the sections and sub-sections of the report. Dont forget to put the page numbers! If applicable, there should be a separate list of tables, figures, illustrations and/or appendices after the main index. Make sure that the headings in this list correspond exactly with those in your main body. It is best to do your list of contents right at the end.

See Guide 1.25 Terms of reference (sometimes included) A definition of the task; your specific objective and purpose of writing. Even if you don't include this as a heading, it is a vital process to go through in your planning.

What exactly is your report going to be about? If it is group work, who exactly is responsible for what? How long have you got? What is your task timescale? Why are you writing the report? What exactly are the assessment criteria? Who are you writing the report for? Are you actually playing a role? What does your reader want to see?

See Guide 1.27. Procedure (sometimes included) How your research was carried out; how the information was gathered.

ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY II WAJ 3103 Materials and methods (included if applicable) Similar to procedure, but more appropriate to scientific or engineering report writing. The following advice comes from Robert Barrass' book Scientists Must Write (Chapman & Hall,1978:135-136):

1 List the equipment used and draw anything that requires description (unless this is very simple).

2 State the conditions of the experiment and the procedure, with any precautions necessary to ensure accuracy and safety. However, when several experiments are reported, some details may fit better in the appropriate parts of the Results section.

3 Write the stages in any new procedure in the right order and describe in detail any new technique, or modifications of an established technique.

4 If necessary, refer to preliminary experiments and to any consequent changes in technique. Describe your controls adequately.

5 Include information on the purity and structure of the materials used, and on the source of the material and the method of preparation.

Top of page Summary (usually included in longer reports; may be called Executive Summary, Abstract or Synopsis) This is a very brief outline of the report to give the potential reader a general idea of what its about. A statement of:

overall aims and specific objectives (unless included in terms of reference) method/procedure used (unless included in separate section) key findings main conclusions and recommendations Introduction (always included) This should show that you have fully understood the task/brief and that you are going

ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY II WAJ 3103 to cover everything required. Indicate the basic structure of the report. You should include just a little background/context and indicate the reasons for writing the report. You may include your terms of reference and procedure/research methods if not covered elsewhere. Your introduction will often give an indication of the conclusion to the report.

See Guide 1.22.

Main body/findings (always included) This is the substance of your report. The structure will vary according to the nature of the material being presented, with headings and sub-headings used to clearly indicate the different sections (unlike an essay). A "situation>problem>solution>evaluation" approach may be appropriate. It is not sufficient to simply describe a situation. Your tutor will be looking for analysis and for a critical approach, when appropriate. Charts, diagrams and tables can be used to reinforce your arguments, although sometimes it may be better to include these as an appendix (particularly if they are long or complicated). Do not include opinions, conclusions or recommendations in this section. Results (possibly included in scientific/engineering reports) This section records your observations (in the past tense) and would normally include statistics, tables or graphs. Conclusion (always included) Your conclusion should draw out the implications of your findings, with deductions based on the facts described in your main body. Dont include any new material here.

See Guide 1.23

Recommendations (sometimes included) These should follow on logically from your conclusion and be specific, measurable and achievable. They should propose how the situation/problem could be improved by suggesting action to be taken. A statement of cost should be included if you are recommending changes that have financial implications. Recommendations can be numbered if you wish.

ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY II WAJ 3103

Appendices (sometimes included) An appendix (plural=appendices) is detailed documentation of points you outline in your findings, for example, technical data, questionnaires, letters sent, tables, sketches, charts, leaflets etc. It is supplementary information which you consider to be too long or complicated or not quite relevant enough to include in your main body, but which still should be of interest to your reader. Each appendix should be referred to in your text. You should not include something as an appendix if it is not discussed in the main body.

References (always included) This is a list giving the full details of all the sources to which you have made reference within your text. By far the most common method in use at UCE is the Harvard method.

See Guide 1.13.

Bibliography (sometimes included) This is either a separate list of sources which you have used during your research, but have not actually made reference to in your writing, or this list together with your list of references. Check in your department what you are expected to use. Top of page Glossary (occasionally included) Include a glossary if the report includes a lot of specialised vocabulary or acronyms which may not be familiar to the reader.

Style

Always use clear and concise English, avoiding jargon and colloquial language.

ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY II WAJ 3103 Write in fairly short sentences. Make sure you develop each paragraph sufficiently (usually a minimum of 5/6 sentences). Most of your report should be impersonal, although it may be appropriate in your conclusion or recommendations to include more personal language. Be extra careful with verb tenses.

See Guide 1.20

Check everything carefully

Careful checking of your report before you print off the final version can make a big difference.

Check: General layout Text organisation Coherence Grammar, spelling and punctuation Referencing Style And finally overall, does the report fulfil its purpose? Does it do what youre being asked to do and what you say youre going to do in your introduction? Are you pleased with it? If you cant confidently answer yes to these questions, then you may need to do some major editing and rewriting.

ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY II WAJ 3103