Assignment 1 STATISTICS APPLICATION IN EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH I (MPU 1034) (Semester I 2012/2013) NAME: NURHASHIMAH BINTI ZABA MP121318

Answers or Solutions: 1. Compute each value requested for the following set of scores. X 0 6 2 3 = = 2.75 X + 10 (X + 10) (X + 1)2 (X 1)2 + 5 (X - X )2 = (0+6+2+3) + 10 = 21 = 10 + (6+10) + (2+10) + (3+10) = 51 = [(-1)2 + 52 + 12 + 22 ] = 36 = 12 + 72 + 32 + 42 = 75

= (-2.75)2 + (6 2.75)2 + (2 2.75)2 + (3 2.75)2 = 7.5625 + 10.5625 + 0.5625 + 0.0625 = 18.75

2. For each of the following cases, name the observed variable and then classify (with explanation) the type and nature (discrete or continuous) of the scale: a) Several respondents were interviewed and asked a few questions. For each question, their responses were coded as Strongly Agree, Strongly Disagree and No Comment. Ans: It is a dependent variable because it is depends on what the questions that may be asked to know their opinions on some statements. The scale is ordinal and discrete. b) A researcher is investigating the estimated time taken by students to complete an assignment.

Ans:It is a dependent variable because the variable is not manipulated to create treatment condition. It is a variable to be observed. The scale is interval and can be discrete or continuous. c) A poll studying the number of readers of three leading national news paper; Berita Harian, Utusan Malaysia and New Straits Times. Ans: It is an independent variable because the variable is for manipulate and used as treatment conditions (maybe). The scale is nominal and discrete. d) A researcher is studying individual perception of his/her own self-esteem using a 10point scale self-perception battery. Ans: It is a dependent variable because the marks depend on the questions that may be asked after some treatments have given. The scale may be interval (if 0 is not counted) and discrete.

e) A teacher is grading her students academic performance into three different categories: Low Achievers, Average Achievers and High Achievers Ans: It is dependent variable because it is the results of some treatments. The scale is ordinal and discrete. 3. Identify the type of scale (with explanation) for each of the following variables: Age, gender, race, weight, hobby, happiness in life, commitment towards study Age = ratio. The differences between the ages can be measured and can be compared. Gender = nominal. The gender is ether man or women. Race = ordinal. Race has ranking but cannot be measured. (Examples: 1st, 2nd, 3rd) Weight = ratio. Differences between weights can be measured and 0 kg means no weight. Hobby = nominal. It is unordered set of categories and only can be identified by name. Happiness in life = ordinal. Have a rank but do not have magnitude. Commitment towards study = ordinal. Have a rank but do not have magnitude.

4. For the following set of scores: 5, 4, 2, 3, 4, 3, 6, 4, 2, 4, 2, 3, 5, 4, 3 a. Construct a frequency distribution table including columns for frequency, proportion, and percentage. Scores 2 3 4 5 6 Frequency 3 4 5 2 1 Proportions Percentages (%) 20.00 26.67 33.33 13.33 6.67

b. Draw a histogram showing the data.

5. A teacher conducts a test to 25 students. The scores obtained by the students are as follows:

97 59 73 a) b)

75 68 66

63 75 67

51 76 71

77 68 74

82 64

80 87

93 70

84 80

90 82

Compute the range of scores URL LRL = 97.5 51.5= 46 Construct a frequency table based on the raw data. X 51 59 63 64 66 67 68 70 71 73 74 75 76 77 80 82 84 87 90 93 97 f 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1

Sketch a histogram and frequency polygons pertaining to it.

c)

Construct a frequency table based on an appropriate grouped data (you must clarify how the data are grouped together!). Range = 97 51 = 46 Class interval, K = 1 + 3.33log1024 = 5.655 6 Class groups = range K = 46 5.655 = 7.667 8 X 51 56 57 62 63 68 69 74 75 80 81 86 87 92 93 98 f 1 1 6 4 6 3 2 2

Sketch a histogram and frequency polygons pertaining to it.

6.

Compute the mean, median, and mode for the set of scores shown in the following frequency distribution table. X 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 f 1 2 3 4 1 0 1

Mean =

= = 4.5
= = 4.5

Median = N= 12 2 = 6 & 7

Mode = 4 mode 7. Find the mean, the median, and the mode for the set of scores in the frequency distribution histogram below.

median

Mean = = 2.7 Median = 10 boxes 2 = 5 boxes = 2.5 Mode = 2 8. Calculate the variance and the standard deviation for the following sample data. 41 26 34 26 17 22 7 30 25 28 12 48 34 18 36 33 14 42 34 33 40 33 16 25 27 25 49 50 19 28 19 29 50 27 40 26 39 33 28 30

Range = 50 -7 = 43 Class interval, K = 1 + 3.33log1040 = 6.33 6 Class groups = 43 6.33 = 6.79 7

x2

fx

fx2

7 13 14 20 21 27 28 34 35 41 42 48 49 55

2 6 9 13 5 2 3 f = 40

10 17 24 31 38 45 52

100 289 576 961 1444 2025 2704

20 102 216 403 190 90 156 fx = 1177

200 1734 5184 12493 7220 4050 8112 fx2 = 38993

Variance, 2 :

Standard deviation,