Planar transmission lines

Types of Transmission lines

Advantages of Planar Transmission lines

RF/Microwave Spectrum

Planar Transmission lines are realized at Microwave Frequencies

Microwave Circuits- Salient Features

Substrates for MICs

Planar Transmission lines are realized on a substrate

Planar Transmission lines

Common Planar transmission lines

a. c. e. g.

Microstrip line Slot line Conventional coplanar waveguide (cwg) Finite width cwg(fwcwg)

b. Stripline d. Co-planar strip line f. Conductor backed cwg h. Conductor backed fwcwg

Microstrip line

Microstrip Line- Field Distribution

Microstrip line- Design Parameters (Z0 & W)

where A= B= Z0 r + 1 r 1 0.11 + 0.23 + 60 2 r +1 r 377 2Z 0 r

Losses in Microstrip Line

Microstrip line Q factor

Quality Factor of a microstrip line is very high. It is limited by losses .Q is related to Conductor attenuation constant and dielectric attenuation constant as follows:

Microstrip Design
Calculate the width and length of a microstrip line for a 50 characteristic impedance and a 900phase shift at 2.5 GHz. The substrate thickness is 0.127 cm and relative dielectric constant is 2.2. Soln. Width= 0.391 cm, length=2.19cm.

Characteristic impedance Vs W/d

10
3

Characteristic line impedance for different dielectric constants

Characteristic line impedance Z0,

10

r=1 r=2 r=3 r=4.6 r=7 r=10 r=12

10

10 -1 10

10 Line width-to-dielectric thickness ratio, w/d

10

Microstrip Resonator
Consider a microstrip resonator constructed from a /2 length of a 50 open circuited microstrip line. The substrate is Teflon (r=2.08, tan= 0.0004), with a thickness of 0.159cm. The conductors are copper. Compute the length of the line for resonance at 5 GHz and the Quality factor of the resonator. Soln: eff= 1.8, W=0.508 cm, L= 2.24

cm,

c=0.0724 Np/m, Q= 783

d=0.024 Np/m,

Strip Line

Strip line Field Distribution

Strip Line-Design Formulas (Qualitative)

Losses in Strip line

Coplanar Lines(CPW)

Coplanar lines (Qualitative)

Advantages of CPW

Processing only on one Surface-MMIC Less sensitivity to substrate thickness Transverse dimension can be reduced Dimensions may be appended Series and shunt mounting of Lumped elements

Comparison of Planar transmission lines

S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Characteristic Attenuation loss Impedance() Radiation loss Dispersion Connect shunt elements Connect series elements Microstrip Low 15-110 Low-medium Low Difficult Easy Stripline Low 20-150 Very low Low Difficult Difficult Coplanar strips Medium 25-125 Medium Medium Easy Easy Slot line High 50-300 High High Easy Difficult