CBR TEST Practical

GEOTECHNICAL LABORATY
Abstract:
The report consist of experiment which
is performed in geotechnical laboratory. The test was
simple and its experimental and graphical results are
shown in this report.
Prepared By:
Student Number:
Module Code:
Module Tutor:
Assignment Number:
Due Date:
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.1
OBJECTIVE..03
1.2
SIGNIFICANCES.03
1.3
THEORY...04
1.4
CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO...04
1.5
EXPERIMENTAL CALCULATIONS.05
1.6
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION11
1.7
CONCLUSION & DECISION..15
Page | 2
EXPERIMENT 01:
CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO TEST

1.1
OBJECTIVES:
The objectives of CBR Test are to obtain the strength of:

Sub grade soil

Sub-base course
Base course material
For use in Road and Air Field pavements.
1.2
SIGNIFICANCE:
The CBR test is commonly used to evaluate the strength of sub grade soil, sub base, base
course materials for design of thickness of highways and air field pavements. The CBR test is also
known as penetration test which means to evaluation of sub grade strength of roads and pavements.
The results obtained by this penetration test are then used with empirical curves to obtain the thickness
of pavements and all other layers.
Page | 3
1.3
THEORY:
1.4
CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO:

CBR is defined as the ratio of force per unit area which is required to penetrate a soil mass with
the help of a piston with the rate of 1.25 mm/min. to that required for the corresponding penetration of
a standard material.
C.B.R = Test Load/Standard Load * 100
1.4.1 CBR TEST:

California bearing ratio test or in other words it is also termed as CBR; first time was
developed by California Division of Highways in America. CBR test is a method which involves the
determination of sub base and base course material for flexible pavement design. This test is also used
to determine the material properties for pavement design. The CBR test is a penetration test, having a
standard piston with an area of 3 in2 (or 50 mm diameter). The test is performed by measuring the
pressure required to penetrate the soil sample with a plunger. The measured pressure is then divided by
pressure required to achieve an equal penetration on standard crushed rock material. The CBR is a
measure of resistance of a material to penetration of standard plunger under controlled density and
moisture conditions. The test procedure should be strictly adhered if high degree of reproducibility is
desired. The CBR test may be conducted in re-moulded or undisturbed specimen in the laboratory. The
test is simple and has been extensively investigated for field correlations of flexible pavement
thickness requirement.
The CBR test consist apparatus of a mould of 150 mm diameter with base plate and collar, dial
gauges for measuring the penetration values, spacer disc, metal rammers and sieves ranging from 4.75
mm to 20 mm.
1.4.2 TEST PROCEDURE
Following steps should be taken during this test.
Place the mold assembly with the surcharge weights on penetration test machine.
Set the penetration piston at the center of the sample with smallest possible load, so that
full contact of piston on sample is established.
Set the stress and strain dial gauges to read zero. Apply the load on the piston so that the
penetration rate is about 1.25 mm/min.
Page | 4
Record the load readings at penetrations of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2.00,
2.25, 2.5, 2.75, 3.00, 3.25, 3.5, 3.75, 4.00, 4.25, 4.5, 4.75, 5.00, 5.25, 5.5, 5.75, 6.00,
6.25, 6.5, 6.75, 7.00, 7.25, 7.5.
Detach the mould from loading equipment. Take about 20 g to 50 g of soil from top 3
cm layer and determine the moisture content.
1.5
EXPERIMENTAL CALCULATION
TABLE # 01
Job Ref.
Borehole/Pit
no.
Sample no.
Location
Soil Description
5 ml
Depth
Test Method
BS-1377-4: 1990: 7.4
Force measuring device No.
Penetration
of Plunger
Force
gauge
reading
Force on
plunger
div
0
0.25
11
0.50
24
0.75
38
Force gauge
Force on
reading
plunger
div
KN
of Plunger
KN
mm
0
Penetration
mm
4.00
29
12
219.69
60
83.33
15
4.25
38
18
287.87
90
14
181.8
70
4.50
46
23
348.48
115
24
287.87
120
4.75
53
32
401.51
160
Page | 5
1.00
34
33
257.57
165
5.00
60
38
454.54
190
1.25
71
41
537.87
205
5.25
67
44
507.57
220
1.50
89
47
674.24
235
5.50
73
51
553.03
255
1.75
54
45.45
270
5.75
79
56
598.48
280
2.00
24
61
181.8
305
6.00
85
62
643.93
310
2.25
30
68
227.27
340
6.25
92
68
696.96
340
2.50
53
74
401.5
370
6.50
98
73
742.42
365
2.75
68
81
515.15
405
6.75
79
30.3
395
3.00
83
87
628.78
435
7.00
10
86
75.75
430
3.25
95
93
719.69
465
7.25
16
92
121.21
460
3.50
99
53.03
495
7.50
21
98
159.09
490
3.75
18
136.36
25
Container No
Mass of Wet Soil + container (m2) g
250.6
2
265.8
Mass of Dry Soil + container (m3) g
247
260.2
198.1
198.1
Mass of moisture (m2-m3) g
3.6
5.6
Mass of Dry Soil (m3-m1) g
48.9
62.1
7.40%
9%
Mass of container (m1) g
Moisture content
w = ((m2-m3)/(m3-m1)) * 100
Average Moisture content
%
CBR value at
penetration of:
2.5
mm
8.20%
Operator
5
mm
Top
30.4
34.43
Bottom
18.5
9.5
Accepted CBR % = 34.43

Checked
Approved
TABLE #02
Job Ref.
Borehole/Pit
no.
Sample no.
Location
Soil Description
10 ml
Depth
Test Method
BS-1377-4: 1990: 7.4
Penetration
of Plunger
Force
gauge
Force on
reading
plunger
div
KN
mm
0
0.25
0.50
Penetration
Force gauge
Force on
reading
plunger
div
KN
of Plunger
0
mm
4.00
112
91
848.48
455
7.57
4.25
121
96
916.66
480
15.15
15
4.50
130
101
984.84
505
Page | 6
0.75
22.72
40
4.75
139
106
1053.03
530
1.00
14
53.03
70
5.00
146
111
1106.06
555
1.25
13
20
98.48
100
5.25
153
115
1159.09
575
1.50
19
27
143.93
135
5.50
161
120
1219.69
600
1.75
26
33
196.96
165
5.75
167
125
1265.15
625
2.00
34
40
257.57
200
6.00
174
130
1318.18
650
2.25
44
46
333.33
230
6.25
180
135
1363.63
675
2.50
52
53
393.93
265
6.50
187
139
1416.66
695
2.75
63
60
477.27
300
6.75
193
143
1462.12
715
3.00
71
67
537.87
335
7.00
197
147
1492.42
735
3.25
84
73
636.36
365
7.25
204
151
1545.45
755
3.50
94
79
712.12
395
7.50
209
155
1583.33
775
3.75
103
85
780.3
425
Container No
CBR value at
262.9
267.3
penetration of:
256
261.5
198.2
210.4
6.9
5.8
57.8
51.1
11.90%
11.4%
Moisture content
w = ((m2-m3)/(m3-m1)) * 100
%
2.5 mm
Top
Bottom
11.70%
5
mm
29.84
83.79
20
27.75
Operator
Checked
Approved
TABLE # 03
Job Ref.
Borehole/Pit
no.
Sample no.
Location
Soil Description
15 ml
Depth
Test Method
BS-1377-4: 1990: 7.4
Penetration
of Plunger
Force
gauge
Force on
reading
plunger
div
KN
mm
0
0.25
7.57
Penetration
Force gauge
Force on
reading
plunger
div
KN
of Plunger
0
mm
4.00
66
60
500
300
10
4.25
70
63
530.3
315
Page | 7
0.50
15.15
35
4.50
75
69
568.18
345
0.75
22.72
45
4.75
79
73
598.48
365
1.00
12
37.87
60
5.00
82
77
621.21
385
1.25
14
68.18
70
5.25
88
80
666.66
400
1.50
13
17
98.48
85
5.50
92
84
696.96
420
1.75
18
21
136.36
105
5.75
95
87
719.69
435
2.00
24
25
181.81
125
6.00
99
91
750
455
2.25
29
28
219.69
140
6.25
102
94
772.72
470
2.50
33
32
250
160
6.50
106
96
803.03
480
2.75
41
37
310.6
185
6.75
109
100
825.75
500
3.00
46
42
348.48
210
7.00
113
103
856.06
515
3.25
51
47
386.36
235
7.25
116
107
878.78
535
3.50
56
51
424.24
255
7.50
120
108
909.09
540
3.75
61
55
462.12
275
Container No
CBR value at
261.7
284.4
penetration of:
254
274.9
196.3
199.5
7.7
9.5
57.7
75.4
13.30%
12.6%
Moisture content
w = ((m2-m3)/(m3-m1)) * 100
%
Top
Bottom
12.95%
2.5
mm
5
mm
18.93
47.06
19.25
Operator
Checked
Approved
TABLE # 04
Job Ref.
Borehole/Pit
no.
Sample no.
Location
Soil Description
20 ml
Depth
Test Method
BS-1377-4: 1990: 7.4
Penetration
of Plunger
mm
0
Force
gauge
Force on
reading
plunger
div
KN
Penetration
Force gauge
Force on
reading
plunger
div
KN
of Plunger
0
mm
4.00
141
121
1068.18
605
Page | 8
0.25
12
20
90.9
100
4.25
145
126
1098.48
630
0.50
24
33
181.81
165
4.50
150
130
1136.36
650
0.75
36
42
272.72
210
4.75
154
134
1166.66
670
1.00
50
51
378.78
255
5.00
158
139
1196.96
695
1.25
64
59
484.84
295
5.25
163
143
1234.84
715
1.50
75
66
568.18
330
5.50
168
148
1272.72
740
1.75
84
72
636.36
360
5.75
171
152
1295.45
760
2.00
92
78
696.96
390
6.00
176
157
1333.33
785
2.25
99
82
750
410
6.25
180
161
1363.63
805
2.50
106
90
803.03
450
6.50
185
166
1401.51
830
2.75
113
95
856.06
475
6.75
189
170
1431.81
850
3.00
119
100
901.51
500
7.00
193
175
1462.12
875
3.25
125
106
946.96
530
7.25
197
179
1492.42
895
3.50
130
111
984.84
555
7.50
202
184
1530.3
920
3.75
134
116
1015.15
580
Container No
CBR value at
280
295.4
penetration of:
273.8
287.9
240.4
6.2
7.5
33.4
41.6
18.60%
18.0%
Moisture content
w = ((m2-m3)/(m3-m1)) * 100
%
2.5 mm
5
mm
Top
60.83
90.67
Bottom
22.5
34.75
246.3
18.30%
Operator
Checked
Approved
TABLE # 05
Job Ref.
Borehole/Pit
no.
Sample no.
Location
Soil Description
25 ml
Depth
Test Method
BS-1377-4: 1990: 7.4
Penetration
of Plunger
mm
Force
gauge
Force on
reading
plunger
div
KN
Penetration
of Plunger
mm
Force gauge
Force on
reading
plunger
div
KN
Page | 9
4.00
103
123
780.3
615
0.25
15
24
113.63
120
4.25
107
127
810.6
635
0.50
26
42
196.96
210
4.50
111
132
840.9
660
0.75
36
53
272.72
265
4.75
115
135
871.21
675
1.00
45
61
340.9
305
5.00
119
139
901.51
695
1.25
53
67
401.51
335
5.25
123
143
931.81
715
1.50
58
73
439.39
365
5.50
126
146
954.54
730
1.75
64
80
484.84
400
5.75
130
150
984.84
750
2.00
69
85
522.72
425
6.00
133
153
1007.57
765
2.25
74
90
560.6
450
6.25
136
156
1030.3
780
2.50
77
96
583.33
480
6.50
139
160
1053.03
800
2.75
81
100
613.63
500
6.75
142
164
1075.75
820
3.00
87
105
659.09
525
7.00
145
167
1098.48
835
3.25
91
110
689.39
550
7.25
148
170
1121.21
850
3.50
95
114
719.69
570
7.50
153
173
1159.09
865
3.75
99
118
750
590
Container No
CBR value at
243.4
238.7
penetration of:
234.7
231.1
198.1
196.4
8.7
7.6
36.6
34.7
23.80%
21.9%
Moisture content
w = ((m2-m3)/(m3-m1)) * 100
%
Top
Bottom
22.90%
Operator
2.5 mm
5
mm
44.19
68.29
24
34.75

Checked
Approved
Page | 10
1.6 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION:

1.6.1 LOAD VS PENETRATION:
GRAPH # 01:
SAMPLE NO: 5 ML
800
700
600
Load KN
500
400
300
200
100
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
Penetration mm
GRAPH # 02:
SAMPLE NO: 10 ML
1800
1600
1400
load KN
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
penetration mm
Page | 11
GRAPH # 03:
SAMPLE NO: 15 ML
1000
900
800
700
Load KN
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
Penetration mm
GRAPH # 04:
SAMPLE NO: 20 ML
1800
1600
1400
Load KN
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
Penetration mm
Page | 12
GRAPH # 05:
SAMPLE NO: 25 ML
1400
1200
Load KN
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
Penetration mm
1.6.2 CBR % VS DRY DENSITY:

GRAPH # 01:
100
90
80
70
CBR %
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
3.05
3.1
3.15
3.2
3.25
3.3
3.35
3.4
Dry Density
Page | 13
1.6.3 CBR % VS MOISTURE CONTENT %:
100
90
80
70
% CBR
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
10
15
20
25
Moisture content %
1.6.4 DRY DENSITY VS MOISTURE CONTENT %:

25
Moisture content %
20
15
10
0
3.05
3.1
3.15
3.2
3.25
3.3
3.35
3.4
Dry Density %
Page | 14
1.8
CONCLUSION & DISCUSSION:

In Highway and Pavement Design, it is very important to know the strength of sub grade soil, sub
base and base course materials. By using different tests, we can measure strength and thickness of
materials. We can measure the strength and thickness of materials in laboratory and also in field. We
use CBR Test to calculate required values. In this experiment we calculate CBR ratio, moisture content
% and dry density of different samples. Graphical representations of CBR ratio, moisture content %
and dry density also shown. A graph of load KN Vs. penetration (mm) is plotted when different
samples used. From the graph CBR ratio is found out. We get following results as
When sample no = 5 ml
CBR % = 34.43%
CBR % = 83.79%
CBR % = 47.06%
CBR % = 90.67%
CBR % = 68.29%
Now from these values of CBR ratio, we can draw a graph of CBR ratio vs. dry density/moisture
content %.By using these theoretical and graphical values, we can calculate thickness of materials.
Page | 15

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GEOTECHNICAL LABORATY

CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO...04

CONCLUSION & DECISION..15

CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO TEST

The objectives of CBR Test are to obtain the strength of:

Sub grade soil

For use in Road and Air Field pavements.

CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO:

1.4.1 CBR TEST:

Mass of Wet Soil + container (m2) g

Mass of Dry Soil + container (m3) g

Mass of moisture (m2-m3) g

Mass of Dry Soil (m3-m1) g

Mass of container (m1) g

Accepted CBR % = 34.43

Mass of Wet Soil + container (m2) g

Mass of Dry Soil + container (m3) g

Mass of container (m1) g

Mass of moisture (m2-m3) g

Mass of Dry Soil (m3-m1) g

Accepted CBR % = 83.79

Mass of Wet Soil + container (m2) g

Mass of Dry Soil + container (m3) g

Mass of container (m1) g

Mass of moisture (m2-m3) g

Mass of Dry Soil (m3-m1) g

Accepted CBR % = 47.06

Mass of Wet Soil + container (m2) g

Mass of Dry Soil + container (m3) g

Mass of container (m1) g

Mass of moisture (m2-m3) g

Mass of Dry Soil (m3-m1) g

Accepted CBR % = 90.67

Mass of Wet Soil + container (m2) g

Mass of Dry Soil + container (m3) g

Mass of container (m1) g

Mass of moisture (m2-m3) g

Mass of Dry Soil (m3-m1) g

Accepted CBR % = 68.29

1.6 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION:

1.6.2 CBR % VS DRY DENSITY:

1.6.3 CBR % VS MOISTURE CONTENT %:

1.6.4 DRY DENSITY VS MOISTURE CONTENT %:

CONCLUSION & DISCUSSION:

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