Social Issues in Fisheries

Townsley, P., 1998. Social issues in fisheries. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 375. FAO. Rome. 93p.

Kuliah III Sosiologi Perikanan: Suadi, Ph.D..

Shibu lijack

Complex fisheries systems

Definitions
The term "social" can be defined as relating to the interaction of human beings with each other, as individuals or as groups. Interactions between humans can clearly take many forms and it is these forms of interaction which, in the broadest sense, are the focus for the various social sciences. If the "social" sphere is concerned with all forms of relations between individuals and groups, sociology is concerned more specifically with the collective behavior of people.

Sosiologi?
Understanding the ways "society", as a grouping of individuals, has developed, the way it is organized, how the various groups within a society interact, the norms of behavior which they observe and how groups and group behavior affect the individuals which make up those groups. The core focus of sociology tends to be on the functioning of the collective in some form.

The role of the sociologist in the analysis of existing conditions within the fisheries system

1. Understanding and analysis of context, mechanisms and institutions

identification of the motivations and priorities of resource users social institutions and their influence on resource use analysis of institutions concerned with resource analysis of leadership and decision-making flows of resources within the community roles of women, children and old people in the fisheries system Place of different fisheries activities in communities and household livelihood strategies modes of participation among difference groups of resource users understand existing knowledge of resources among target groups analyse of distribution of poverty and vulnerability among resource users needs analysis in stakeholder communities

2. Designing appropriate interventions

identifying appropriate inputs - technologies, management measures designing appropriate mechanisms for implementation of interventions identifying or designing appropriate institutions for involvement in and management of interventions forms of intervention which allow for and facilitate full participation by concerned resource users identifying target groups and beneficiaries designing mechanisms to incorporate gender concerns designing mechanisms to incorporate age concerns designing mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating social and economic impacts on different social groups.

3. Predicting social impacts

identifying and analysing impacts on particular target groups identifying impacts on vulnerable groups within the community such as women, children, old people, refugees or the very poor identifying and analysing the impacts of interventions on poverty risks generated by social context - conflicts, lack of co-operation or participation by stakeholders identifying analysing impacts on institutions and decision-making mechanisms.

4. Monitoring and evaluation

Identifying appropriate indicators for social impacts Identifying and designing mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating social impacts Developing mechanisms for participatory, monitoring and evaluation.

5. Compensation and mitigation

design of measures to mitigate negative impacts design of compensation packages design of forums and institutions to support impacted groups

Risks associated with omission of sociological analysis

The omission of a sociological analysis can result in many assumptions regarding the motivations, interest and priorities of resource users finding their way into management plans and project design in fisheries Assumptions about resource users Any project or intervention planned by external agencies depends, for its success, on the participation of stakeholders Stakeholder participation