Review Questions

Check your understanding of this chapter by answering the following questions.

1. Describe why and how Nietzsche, Bergson, and Sorel began the revolt against the idea of
progress and the general faith in the rational human mind. How did Wittgenstein add to this belief?

2. What does Sartre's statement that "man is condemned to be free" mean? How is this
thought connected to the existential belief that man must seek to define himself?

3. What impact did the loss of faith in reason and progress have on twentieth-century Christian
thought?

4. Define quanta and explain its implications for the definition of matter and energy. 5. Define and discuss the relationship among the id, ego, and superego. 6. Freud's view that human beings are basically irrational coincides with the picture of the
universe drawn by modem physics. Discuss this relationship between psychology and science.

7. Define and describe the stream-of-consciousness technique and how it was used in
twentieth-century literature.

8. Compare and contrast Gauguin's and Le Corbusier's concepts of art. 9. How do impressionism and expressionism reflect the rationality and irrationality of the 10. What influence did Freud have on twentieth-century painting? 11. Describe the political impact of radio and film. 12. What were the attitudes of Britain, France, and Germany toward the Treaty of Versailles? 13. The most serious international crisis of the 1920s occurred in the Ruhr in January 1923. What
was the crisis and what were its consequences? nineteenth and twentieth centuries, respectively?

14. What part was played by the United States in the economic and political settlements of the
mid-1920s in Europe?

15. What problems faced the British governments of the 1920s and with what ideas did the Labour
party approach these problems?

16. Discuss the origins, interests, and goals of the Labour and Liberal parties in Britain. 17. What were the causes of the Great Depression? 18. The New Deal ultimately failed to halt mass unemployment. Why? Why is it said that the WP A
helped prevent social revolution in the United States?

19. Why was the Scandinavian response to the economic crisis the most successful one in the
Western democracies?

Study-Review Exercises
Identify and explain the significance of the following people and terms.

1. Nietzsche's dictum "God is dead." 2. Gustav Stresemann 3. Ramsay MacDonald 4. "Little Entente" of 1921 5. Ruhr crisis of 1923 6. Locarno meetings of 1925 7. Munich beer hall "revolution" of 1923 8. principle of uncertainty 9. French Popular Front 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.
National Recovery Administration Agricultural Adjustment Act BBC Raymond Poincare John Maynard Keynes Sergei Eisenstein Kellogg-Briand Pact, 1928 Adolf Hitler Friedrich Nietzsche Georges Sorel Henri Bergson Ludwig Wittgenstein Jean-Paul Sartre Max Planck Albert Einstein

25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36.

Ernest Rutherford Marcel Proust George Orwell Oswald Spengler logical empiricism modem existentialism functionalism in architecture Chicago school of architecture expressionism in painting Paul Valery cubism dadaism surrealism expressionism in music

atonality in music