Excel Modeling

-Ashwani

Topics to be covered
The Excel Environment Working with Data: Basic Techniques Increasing Spreadsheet Readability Excel Formulas Useful Excel Functions Charts Importing Data into Excel The Art of Spreadsheet Modeling Using Excel Solver Three-Dimensional Formulas, the Table Feature and Circular References Monte Carlo Simulation

Evaluation Pattern
Total marks : 50 Quiz : 20 Assignment(Individual): 10 Project (Individual): 20

Full details of all would be provided later

1. The Excel Environment

Opening workbooks The Excel Ribbon and the Quick Access Toolbar Working with worksheets Workbook- and worksheet-level navigation Printing worksheets Saving workbooks as Excel and other file types

Opening a workbook
Double-click its icon in Windows Explorer. If Excel is running, hit Ctrl-O or the Office Button (the round

button in the upper-left-hand corner of the Excel window) and browse for the file. You can use the "Files of type" drop-down box to view a number of different file types.
If Excel is running and the icon representing your file is the generic

Windows icon (example below), but you know that Excel can read it, it might be easiest to drag the icon into the Excel window. You can use this method for any file type that Excel can open.

The Excel Ribbon

The Ribbon in each of the Office programs organizes

commonly used commands and features into categories.

Each category is represented by a tab, and each tab

contains groups of subcategories.

The Quick Access Toolbar

The Quick Access Toolbar is a

customizable docking place for features and commands that you use most frequently.
It is found just to the right of the Office

Button and by default displays buttons for Save, Undo, and Redo.
Explore the customization options for

the Quick Access Toolbar.

Once you configure the Quick Access

Toolbar to suit your needs, you are only a click away from the features that you use the most.

Worksheets
Each workbook file contains one or more tabbed

worksheets.
You can easily set the number of worksheets that you

want new workbooks to contain, rename sheets, and move and delete worksheets.
Note that spaces, dashes, and certain other special

characters are legal in sheet names, while other characters, such as \ / ? are not.

Moving Around a Worksheet and Workbook

Ctrl-Home: Selects cell A1 Ctrl-End: Selects the cell at the intersection of the last-used column and

last-used row on the worksheet

Page Up: Scrolls up one screen Page Down: Scrolls down one screen Alt-Page Up: Scrolls left one screen Alt-Page Down: Scrolls right one screen Ctrl-Page Up: Selects the previous worksheet Ctrl-Page Down: Selects the next worksheet Ctrl-Tab: Moves to the next open Excel workbook

Printing a Worksheet
Printing a worksheet is

similar to other MS Office programs but can require adjusting the Page Setup.
If a worksheet has a large

amount of data or uses more columns than can be printed vertically on a sheet of paper, you will need to adjust the Page setup.

2. Working with Data : Basic

Cells and Ranges User Interface Ribbon Format Cells Menu Selecting Ranges Selecting All Cells in a Dataset Using Shortcut Keys Selecting All Cells on a Worksheet Selecting Noncontiguous Ranges Selecting Cells and Named Ranges Filling Series Copying and Moving Cell Entries The Undo Command

Cells & Ranges

Cells : Each rectangular block in which data can be entered is a cell.
Each cell has an address. This is the letter of the column and the number of the

row that intersect at that cell.

Naming Cells is useful for organizing data by defing a group of cells as a

range. The Defined Names group provides easy-to-access tools for naming cells.
A range is the name assigned to the group of cells. Every range must have a different name.

Ranges : A block of cells that is to be treated as a unit in some operation

(e.g., formatting, summation) is called a range. Ranges are known by the addresses of their upper-left-most cell and lower-right-most cell. A colon serves to separate the two addresses.

Selecting all Cells

Selecting All Cells in a Dataset Using Shortcut Keys ctrl

+A
Selecting All Cells on a Worksheet : The Select All button

allows you to quickly select all cells on a worksheet.

Selecting Noncontiguous Ranges

Sometimes we want to select noncontiguous ranges, for example, to

format a number of isolated cells at once, or to include them in a function. In this section, we will explore two ways to select such ranges.
Using the Ctrl Key Using F8 (Extend Selection) : When you hit F8 the first time,

Excel enters "Extend Selection" mode and behaves as if you had the Shift key held down.
Shift-F8 (Add to Selection) : Use Shift+F8 to select a second

range (which can also then be done with the F8/Extend Selection technique).

Selecting Cells and Named Ranges

In Name Box : The Name Box, found just above the

header for column A, shows the name of the currently selected cell or range.
With the F5 Key (Go To Dialog Box) : The function key

F5 brings up the Go To dialog box, which can be used to select cells and jump to named ranges.

Splitting the Screen

The Split button on the View tab, in the Window group,

can also be used to quickly split the screen both horizontally and vertically.
if the screen is split, click the Split button on the View tab

to un-split it.

Filling Series
Using the Autofill Handle : For commonly used series

and entries that Excel can populate to be part of a series you can use the Autofill handle to fill in as much of the series as you need. The Autofill handle appears at the bottom right of a selected cell or range of cells; it appears to be a small square superimposed on that corner of the black border around the selected cell.
When the pointer hovers over the Autofill handle, it

changes shape to resemble a cross.

Filling Series
Click to edit Master text styles Second level
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Using the Fill Series Command

Another way to create a series like {1, 2, 3 . . .} is to use

the Fill Series command. This is especially useful if you often find yourself overshooting the mark when you drag with the mouse.

Other Predefined Series

Click to edit Master text styles Second level
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Copying and Moving Cell Entries

To copy and paste data, select the range to be copied and use

Ctrl-C, the Copy button on the Home tab, or the right-click context menu to copy the data.
Then select the upper-right-most cell in your desired

destination range, and use Ctrl-V, the Paste button on the Home tab, or the right-click context menu to paste the data.
To move data, you can Cut rather than Copy, and then Paste. Alternatively, you can use the move pointer.

The Undo Command

Many operations can be undone using either Ctrl-Z or the Undo

button on the Quick Access Toolbar:

Or, if you need to undo multiple operations, the drop-down list

next to the Undo button

Be aware that the undo stack is shared by all open workbooks;

i.e., you cannot undo only a change to Book1 if after that change you made a change to Book2. You could, however, undo the change to Book2 and then the change to Book1.

3. Increasing Spreadsheet Readability

Working with Rows and Columns Making Better Use of Screen Space Basic Cell Formatting Basic Number Formats Conditional Formatting Formatting and Other Options with Paste Special

Working with Rows & Columns

Inserting and deleting rows will add/remove rows above

or below existing data.

Inserting and deleting columns will add/remove

columns to the left or right of existing data.

Inserting and deleting cells will add/remove selected

cells.

Working with Data

Adjusting the column width will increase or decrease the

length of a column.
Adjusting the row height will increase or decrease the

tallness of a row.
Excel does not provide the option to adjust the width or

height of a single cell.

Click to edit Master text styles Second level

Third level

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Hide Columns/Rows
Click to edit Master text styles Second level
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Home User Interface Ribbon

The User Interface Ribbon contains seven groups. The

first four provide quick access to options for managing the appearance of a worksheet.
Clipboard Copy, Paste, Cut, and Format Painter Font Style, Size, Color and Effects Alignment Alignment, Wrap Text and Merge & Center Number Currency, Percent and Decimal

Format Cells Menu

The Format Cells Menu has similar features as the User Interface

Ribbon and contains six tabs that provide advanced options.

Only the cells that you highlight before pulling up the menu will be

formatted.
The menu is accessed by

clicking on the arrow in the bottom right corner of the Font, Alignment or Number group. You can also press Ctrl+1.

Format Cells Menu

Number Similar to the Number group in the User

Interface Ribbon, but contains additional options such as fractions, date and time.
Alignment Similar to the Alignment group, also

provides the option of choosing the angle of alignment.

Font Provide more advanced options than the Front

group, such as superscript and subscript.

Format Cells Menu

Border Provides the option to draw a border around

specific cells.
Patterns Can fill selected cells specific colors and

patterns.
Protections Locks and /or hides selected cells to protect

entered data.

Conditional Formatting
Conditional Formatting makes changes to the

appearance(e.g., color, size) of data based on an if/then statement.

Formatting and Other Options with Paste Special

Sometimes we format a cell or range of cells with the font

colors, borders, patterns, and number formats we want, only to find that there are other cells that need to be formatted in a similar manner.
The Format Painter, found on the Home tab, will allow us to

copy all of the formats from a cell and then paint other cells with these formats.
Excel has special options that you can choose from when

completing a copy-paste operation. The Paste Special dialog box (accessible via the Paste drop-down list on the Home tab)