CHEMISTRY-1 S BLOCK ELEMENTS-ALKALI AND ALKALINE EARTH METALS The alkali metals are Li,Na,K,Rb,Cs,Fr *Why the elements

in group 1 is called alkali metals? They form hydroxides with water which are strongly alkaline in nature #Physical properties 1. Occurance -they are silverly white soft metals ,stored in kerosene (because they will react with water )but Li stored in paraffin wax due to low density 2. Size of elements- Li<Na<K<Rb<Cs<Fr 3. Density-Li<K<Na<R<Cs<Fr 4. Melting and boiling point-Low due to weak metallic bonding Li>Na>K>Rb>Cs 5 Electro positivity-strong electropositive due to low IE 6.Oxidation state-Allways = +1 (Alkali metals are paramagnetic) 7.Hydration energy- Li+ > Na+> K+> Rb+> Cs+ 8.Ionic mobility &Conductance-Li+ <Na+ <K+ <Rb+<Cs+ 9.Reducing powerA) in free state- Li<Na<K<Rb<Cs B) in aq.solution Li>Na>K>Rb>Cs 10. Flame coloration- they show colour in flame due to exitation of outer most eThis property makes Cs, K useful electrodes in photoelectric cells #Chemical properties their reactivity increases down the group 1.Reaction with air Li forms monoxides, Na forms peroxides, other elements will form superoxides 4Li + O2 2Li2O (monoxide) 2Na +O2 Na2O2 (peroxides) M +O2 MO2 (superoxides) M=K,Rb,Cs *Oxidation state of oxygen in KO2? ---- Ans = +1 NOTE **Li will form Li3N in reaction with N2 in air ** 2. Reaction with water 2M + 2H2O 2MOH +H2 (M=Alkali metals) Li will react vigorously with water, due to small size and high hydration energy 3. Reactivity towards di hydrogen 2M +H2 2MH (at 673 K) (M= Alkali metal) 4.Reactivity towards halogens 2M + X2 2MX (M=Alkali metals, X=Halogen F,Cl,Br,I )

5.Reaction with ammonia M + (x+y)NH3 [M(NH3)x] +[e(NH3)y] Dilute solution is blue coloured, paramaganetic ,conducting, reducing Conc.. solution is bronze color dia magnetic Characteristics of compounds 1.HYDRIDES (MH) Ionic solids , with high MP,BP ,They are good reducing agent Order of stabilityLiH >NaH >KH >RBH >CsH 2. OXIDES 3 Types M2O, M2O2 , MO2 M2O M2O+H2O 2MOH M2O2 M2O2+H2O H2O2+2MOH MO2 MO2+ H2OMOH+H2O2+O2 Na2O2, K2O are used as air purifier 3.HYDROXIDES(MOH) White crystalline solids ,strong bases order of basicity &solubility -LiOH<NaOH<KOH<RbOH<CsOH 4.HALIDES(MX) Halides have high ve Hf value MP- Flurides> Chlorides> Bromides> Iodides LiF has high lattice energy, CsI has low hydration energy , therfore they are insoluble in water 5.CARBONATES(M2CO3 ) Order of thermal stability&solubility Li2CO3<Na2CO3<K2CO3<Rb2CO3<Cs2CO3 6.BYCARBONATES(MHCO3) All except LiHCO3 exist as solids ,LiHCO3 exist only in solution 2MHCO3 M2CO3+H2O+CO2 7.NITRATES(MNO3) LiNO3 Li2O+H2O+O2 MNO3MNO2+O2 (M=Na,K,Rb,Cs)

SOME IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS OF SODIUM 1Sodium carbonate(Washing soda) Na2CO3.10H2O Prepared by solvay process solvay process Raw meterials are lime stone ,sodium chloride,ammonia Steps 1. generation of CO2 --- CaCO3CO2+CaO 2. recovery of NH3 CaO+H2OCa(OH)2 Ca(OH)2+NH4ClNH3+CaCl2+H2O 3