Erik Martinez March 28, 2012 Hon. Chem.

6th Background: People have always wanted to light their hands on fire like many magicians know in days. But what people never do is stop and thinks maybe he truly is a chemist instead of a magician. Well this is true! What Magicians do is a double replacement reaction of ethanol and water in order to temporarily light their hands on fire. The lab Relacement reactions:going to completion focuses on these complex reactions, like Decomposition, single replacement, combustion, single replacement, and synthesis. These reactions create new products. This does not mean that new elements have been made. Reactions These reactions are simple following the law of conservation of mass, which states nothing can be lost or gained, which is clearly portrayed in each reaction shown below, once balanced. The purpose of this lab is to analyze all the replacement reactions, single and double, and see if they truly go into completion. Once will see how metals must be more active in order to replace another chemical in a single replacement, and how a new product is formed in a double replacement, like a gas, water, or a solid(precipitate).

Burg, Aaron. Chemical Reactions Honors Chemistry. BHS, Lake Geneva, WI.10 March. 2012. Notes. Davis, Raymond E., et al. Modern Chemistry. Austin, TX: Holt, Rhinehart, and Winston, 2002. Print. Reactions, Exo, March 2011. Web.27. March. 2012 < http://www.chemtutor.com/react.htm#top>

Materials:

metal samples of: Pb

0.1M solutions of: Pb(NO3)2 Mg(NO3)2 Cu(NO3)2 Ca(NO3)2

others reagents: hydrochloric acid (HCl) distilled water CuCO3 KOH

Mg Cu Ca

Zn
AgNO3

Zn(NO3)2
K2CrO4

Na2SO4 Ba(NO3)2

well plate dropper pipets glass stir rod

microspatula Bunsen burner

goggles pH paper

Erik Martinez March 28, 2012 Hon. Chem. 6th Procedure: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Add drops of AgNo3 solution to wells. Then add samples of Pb, Mg, Ca, Cu, and Zn to Ag. Repeat with different metal nitrate solutions. Record and observe. Place Pb(NO3) in wells. Add other reagents with solutions. Record and observe.

Data/Observations: Single Replacement Observations

Solutions Metal AgNO3 Black Pb Pb(NO3)2 Mg(NO3)2 Ca(NO3)2 No Rxn No Rxn Cu(NO3)2 Black Zn(NO3)2 No Rxn

Black/Brown Mg broken Down

Gray, black, glittery

No Rxn

Black Decomposed

No Rxn

Bubble, smoke, Ca heat,

Bubbles, fizz, white smoke

Bubbles, smoke

Yellow/green, Silver, bubbles, smoke bubbles, white, precipitate.

gray/green/brown precipitate, white

Gray edges, Cu

Gray/black

No Rxn

No Rxn

No Rxn

black/white

edges

Black Brown Zn

Black, gray edges

No Rxn

No Rxn

No Rxn

Erik Martinez March 28, 2012 Hon. Chem. 6th

Double Replacement observations

Solutions

K2CrO4 Thick, yellow,

KOH Cloudy, white precipitate

Na2SO4 Dark white cloudy precipitate

HCl Lightly cloudy

Pb(NO3)2

precipitate

Orange/yellow, Cu(NO3)2 Precipitate

Cloudy blue, precipitate

Light blue

Light blue

Cloudy yellow, Ba(NO3)2 precipitate

Cloudy precipitate, clear/light

Cloudy Precipitate

No Rxn

rainbow
Bubbles, CuCO3 greenish

In the observations Ca seemed to be the most active out of all the metals. Ba(NO3)2 seems to be the only solution not to have a reaction with HCl.

Erik Martinez March 28, 2012 Hon. Chem. 6th Calculations and Results: Single replacement reactions balanced 1. Pb+2AgNO3Pb(NO3)2 + 2Ag Pb+ 2Ag+1 Pb+2+ 2Ag
Red ox red ox

2. Mg+2AgNO3Mg(NO3)2 + 2Ag Mg+ 2Ag+1 Mg+2+ 2Ag

Red ox red ox

3. Ca+2AgNO3Ca(NO3)2 + 2Ag Ca+ 2Ag+1 Ca+2+ 2Ag

Red ox red ox

4. Cu+2AgNO3Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag Cu+ 2Ag+1 Cu+2+ 2Ag

Red ox red ox

5. Zn+2AgNO3Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag Zn+ 2Ag+1 Zn+2+ 2Ag

Red ox red ox

6. Mg+Pb(NO3)2Mg(NO3)2 + Pb Mg+ Pb+1 Mg+2+ Pb

Red ox red ox

7. Ca +Mg(NO3)2Ca(NO3)2 + Mg Ca + Mg+1 Ca+2+ Mg

Red ox red ox

8. Ca +Cu(NO3)2Ca(NO3)2 + Cu Ca + Cu+1 Ca+2+ Cu

Red ox red ox

9. Ca +Zn(NO3)2Ca(NO3)2 + Zn Ca + Zn+1 Ca+2+ Zn

Red ox red ox

10. Zn +Pb(NO3)2Zn(NO3)2 + Pb Zn + Pb+1 Zn+2+ Pb

Red ox red ox

Erik Martinez March 28, 2012 Hon. Chem. 6th Double replacement reactions balanced 1. Pb(NO3)2+K2CrO4 2KNO3 + PbCrO4 Pb+2 + CrO4-2PbCrO4 2. Cu(NO3)2+2KOH 2KNO3+ Cu(OH)2 Cu+2 + 2OH-1 Cu(OH)2 3. Ba(NO3)2+Na2SO4 BaSO4 + 2NaNO3 BA+2 + SO3-22NaNO3 4. CuCO3+ 2HCl CuCl2 + H2O +CO+2 Cu+2+ 2Cl-1 CuCl2 + H2O +CO+2 5.Pb(NO3)2+2KOH Pb(OH)2+ 2KNO3 Pb+2 + 2OH-1 Pb(OH)2 6. Cu(NO3)2 +2HCl CuCl2 +2HNO3 Cu+2+ 2Cl-2CuCl2 7.Ba(NO3)2+2KOH Ba(OH)2+ 2KNO3 Ba+2 + 2OH-1 Ba(OH)2 In the results one can notice that indeed all of the ten did indeed react, there were none of these ten that didnt react. Number four seems That Cu(NO3)2 and HCl are the only ones that are proven to break down after the reaction has occurred, causing more than one product.

Conclusion: The purpose of this lab was to observe single and double replacement reactions. And what was observed is that out of all the metals in part one, Calcium was the most reactive, which could be due to the fact that it is the fourth most active metal. Unlike Calcium, copper II is the fifth less active metal used during this lab. All this could explain why Calcium reacted so well with all the solutions, and copper had the most No Rxn. The same could be said about the solution AgNO3, Ag is less active than copper II which is why copper was able to react. In the Double Replacement there was one special reaction which was CuCO3+ 2HCl, which broke down to CuCl2 + H2O +CO+2 , more than one product, the reason why is the substance decomposed once the double replacement reaction occurred. Another interesting thing that occurred is a precipitate(a product) occurred in all double replacements, except CuCO3+ 2HCl and Ba(NO3)2 +HCl, proving there was a reaction in all of the new products formed. If there would be one error in this lab, the error would be not having enough time. For example Mg + Zn(NO3)2 should have had a reaction since Mg is more active than zinc, but Mg needed more time in order to react with Zn(NO3)2 . one thing that could have improve is doing single replacements like Mg + Zn(NO3)2 1st that way the reaction can take the time it needs in order to prove visually that it in fact is a reaction.