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the distance within which the sensor can detect the gas. ie., the distance b/w gas source and sensor 2. Average lifetime of the sensor these details are not provided in the datasheet. can anyone provide me the answer.
Protocol | about 2 years ago 1 The distance it can detect the gas at is not easy to determine, it has a range of 200 to 10000ppm. It depends of a few variables, I.E. Gas source, leakage rate, room size, air currents, and sensor placement, not the sensor itself as the gas has to accumulate to above 200ppm and physically reach the sensor. As for the lifetime I do not know.
http://dmohankumar.wordpress.com/2012/11/15/gas-leakage-alarm-using-mq-6-sensor-sensorcircuit-14/
http://www.scribd.com/doc/34930530/Embedded-System-Sreejith
This is a simple-to-use liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) sensor, suitable for sensing LPG (composed of mostly propane and butane) concentrations in the air. The MQ-6 can detect gas concentrations anywhere from 200 to 10000ppm. This sensor has a high sensitivity and fast response time. The sensor's output is an analog resistance. The drive circuit is very simple; all you need to do is power the heater coil with 5V, add a load resistance, and connect the output to an ADC.
Connections Connecting five volts across the heating (H) pins keeps the sensor hot enough to function correctly. Connecting five volts at either the A or B pins causes the sensor to emit an analog voltage on the other pins. A resistive load between the output pins and ground sets the sensitivity of the detector. Please note that the picture in the datasheet for the top configuration is wrong. Both configurations have the same pinout consistent with the bottom configuration.The resistive load should be calibrated for your particular application using the equations in the datasheet, but a good starting value for the resistor is 20 k.
This propane gas sensor detects the concentrations of LPG, isobutane, and propane in the air and ouputs its reading as an analog voltage. The sensor can measure concentrations of 300 to 10,000 ppm.The sensor can operate at temperatures from -10 to 50C and consumes less than 150 mA at 5 V
4.COMPONENTS REQUIRED
SPECIFICATIONS COMPONENTS QUANTITY
MICROCONTROLLER
PIC 16F877A
RESISTORS
1K
CAPACITORS
1000uF 10uF
1 4
DIODE
IN4001
CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
20Mhz _
BRIDGE RECTIFIER
VOLTAGE CONTROLLER
IC 78LS05
TRANSFORMER
9-0-9/1A
1 1
5. COMPONENT DESCRIPTION
5.1 GAS SENSOR
Used in gas leakage detecting equipments for detecting of LPG, iso-butane, propane, LNG combustible gases. The sensor does not get trigger with the noise of alcohol, cooking fumes and cigarette smoke.
Applications
Gas leak detection system Fire/Safety detection system Gas leak alarm Gas detector
Features
High sensitivity LPG, iso-butane, propane Small sensitivity to alcohol, smoke Fast response Wide detection range Stable performance and long life Simple drive circuit
5.3 RESISTOR
A resistor is a two terminal electronic component that produces a voltage across its terminals that is proportional to the electric current through it in accordance with ohms law:V=IR. The primary characteristics of a resistor are the resistance ,the tolerance and the power rating. Other characteristics include temperature coefficient, noise and inductance. The ohm is a SI driven unit of electrical resistance. Ohms law states that the voltage (V) across a resistor is proportional to the current (I) through it where the constant of proportionality is the resistance (R) .The current through a resistor in series stays the same, but the voltage across each resistor can be different . The practical application of a resistor is that any non-standard value can be can be obtained by connecting standard values in series or parallel .the power dissipated by a resistor is the voltage across the resistor multiplied by the current through the resistor .The value of resistance can be measured with an ohmmeter ,which may be a function of a multimeter .Four band identification is the most commonly used colour coding scheme on resistors. It consists
of four colored bands that are painted around the body of the resistor .The first two bands encodes the first two significant digits of the resistance.
5.4 CAPACITOR
A capacitor is an electrical/electronic device that can store energy in the electric field between a pair of conductors called plates. The process of storing energy in the capacitor is known as charging, and it involves electric charges of equal magnitude ,but opposite polarity, building upon each plate .They can also be used to differentiate between highfrequency and low-frequency signals. This property makes them useful in electronic filters.
5.5 TRANSFORMER
Transformers are electronic devices which are designed to transfer electrical energy from one electrical circuit to another.They do so utilizing the principle of electromagnetic induction.In addition to performing such energy transfer they are also capable of delivering a different value of ac current or voltage at their output terminals than the value applied to other inputterminals.Transformer can provide insulation .The ability of transformer to step up or step down ac voltages and currents is used in electric power transmission and distribution systems.
5.6BUZZER
A buzzer or beeper is a signaling device, usually electronic, typically used in automobiles, household appliances such as microwave ovens, orgame shows. It most commonly consists of a number of switches or sensorsconnected to a control unit that determines if and which button was pushed or a preset time has lapsed, and usually illuminates a light on the appropriate button or control panel, and sounds a warning in the form of a continuous or intermittent buzzing or beeping sound. Initially this device was based on an electromechanical system which was identical to an electric bell without the metal gong (which makes the ringing noise). Often these units were anchored to a wall or ceiling and used the ceiling or wall as a sounding board. Another implementation with some AC-connected devices was to implement a circuit to make the AC current into a noise loud enough to drive a loudspeaker and hook this circuit up to an 8-ohm speaker. Nowadays, it is more popular to use a ceramic-basedpiezoelectric sounder which makes a high-pitched tone. Usually these were hooked up to "driver" circuits which varied the pitch of the sound or pulsed the sound on and off.
5.7MAX232
The MAX220MAX249 family of line drivers/receivers is intended for all EIA/TIA232E and V.28/V.24 communications interfaces, particularly applications where 12V is not available. These parts are especially useful in battery-powered systems, since their low-power shutdown mode reduces power dissipation to less than 5W. The MAX225, MAX233, MAX235, and MAX245/MAX246/MAX247 use no external components and are recommended for applications where printed circuit board space is critical. Applications Portable Computers Low-Power Modems Interface Translation
6.CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
6.1 Hardware section 6.2CIRCUIT DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION POWER SUPPLY
The rectifier and filter circuits, which are used in the initial stages of a DC power supply is essential for the operation of almost all electronic devices. A rectifier circuit is a circuit which converts ac voltage into pulsating DC. We need a regulated power supply in our project. So we used monolithic IC regulators. This has the advantage that space and cost are less than that of discrete component based voltage regulator.
RB3=0
6.3b.program
#include<pic.h> voidadc_read(); voidpic_init(); voiduarttx(); voidgas_sensor(); void delay(unsigned int i); unsigned char addl,addh,k=0; void main() { pic_init(); delay(10); uarttx(); while(1) { delay(1); adc_read(); delay(20); gas_sensor(); } } voidpic_init() { TRISA=0XFF; TRISD=0X00; TRISC=0X00; TRISB=0X00; } void delay(unsigned int i)
{ intj,k,l; for(j=0;j<=i;j++) { for(k=0;k<=29;k++) { for(l=0;l<=10;l++); } } } voidadc_read() { TRISA=0XFF; ADCON0=0X81; delay(10); ADCON1=0X80; delay(10); ADGO=1; while(ADGO); addh=ADRESH; addl=ADRESL; } voiduarttx() { TXSTA=0x20; SPEN=1; SPBRG=31; TXEN=1; TXIE=1; } voidgas_sensor() { if(addh>= 3) { delay(10); RB3=1; delay(100); while(TXIF==0); TXREG='G'; } else if(addh< 3) { delay(10); RB3=0; } }
PHONE
else
ALERT THE SYSTEM AND SEND AT COMMANDS SEND MSSAGE FROM MOBILE
7.PCB FABRICATION
7.1.PCB designing procedure
1.Drawing The Circuit Schematic: Drawing of the circuit is done through EAGLE (Easily applicable Graphic Layout Editor) schematic capture software. It includes many libraries with thousands of component symbols. We can select the required symbols from the library and place if in the schematic. After placing the component symbols, we can complete the interconnection using wire or bus control. The next step is to assign to part reference. Each component has to be assigned footprint or PCB pattern name. The foot print gives the actual size physical, representation of components on the PCB art work. The component symbol and foot symbol should correspond in all respects. 2. Design rule check and net list creation After the circuit is schematic is completed with all required information such as part reference and footprints. The design rule check can be used for checking errors in the design it will check for duplicate symbol, overlapped lines and dangling lines.
After the schematic design and file passes the DRC, check, It is processed by a program called a electric rule checker (ERC), that checks for wiring errors. The final operation to be done before starting PCB artwork is the net list creation. A net list creation of components and interconnection along with other information such as foot print, track width etc. A net list software or tool can take the circuit schematic as input and generate net list. The net list can be used as an information source for the remaining stages.
8. .SOLDERING
Soldering is the process of joining two or more similar or dissimilar metals by melting another metal having lower melting point.
8.2 SOLDER:
Solder is used for joining two or more metal at temperature below their melting point. The popularly used solders are alloy of Tin (60%) that melts at 375F and solidifies when it cools.
9. PCBLAYOUT
DEMERITS
Message cannot be received when the phone is switched off or not reachable Message can be send to only one mobilenumber Network is jammed then the receiving of sms will be lagged
11. CONCLUSION
The Sms based LPG Gas Leakage Detecting Systemhas been successfully designed and implemented. The main advantage of this project is detect if there is any leakage of LPG gas .The other advantages of the circuit are that it is a less cost, fast responds circuit,and also it has wide detection range
12.FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS
In future, more detecting systems like any gas detection systems can be implemented. Additional features includes more secure systems like a call will be gone to a telephone number if a gas leakage and fire in a n/w area like LAN and internet used to world wide