14DEC12 EMERGENCY

EH-1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Below is a complete list of the standard contents of Airway Manual. Limited or special coverages may not con-
tain all items, but that material which is included should be arranged in the order outlined.
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................... EH-1
INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION (ICAO)
1 DEFINITIONS ........ , ................................................................................................................................. 1
2 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
2.1 General ............................................................................................................................................. 1
1
2.4 Transponder Operations - Emergency .............................................................................................. 1
2.5 Distress and Urgency Signals ........................................................................................................... 1
3 UNLAWFUL INTERFERENCE
3.1 General ............................................................................................................................................. 2
3.2 Transponder Operations - Unlawful Interference with Aircraft in Flight ............................................. 2
3.3 Procedures ................................................................................................................................. , ...... 2
4 EMERGENCY DESCENT
4.1 Initial Action by the Air Traffic Control Unit ........................................................................................ 2
4.2 Action by the Pilot-in-Command ....................................................................................................... 3
4.3 Subsequent Action by the Air Traffic Control Unit ............................................................................. 3
5 DISTRESS AND URGENCY RADIOTELEPHONY COMMUNICATION PROCEDURES
5.1 General ............................................................................................................................................. 3
5.2 Radiotelephony Distress Communications ....................................................................................... 3
5.3 Radiotelephony Urgency Communications ....................................................................................... 4
6 COMMUNICATIONS FAILURE
6.1 General Rules ................................................................................................................................... 5
6.2 Air-Ground Communications Failure ................................................................................................. 6
6.3 Receiver Failure ................................................................................................................................ 6
6.4 Transponder Procedures - Radio Communication Failure ................................................................ 6
7 INTERCEPTION
7.1 General ............................................................................................................................................. 6
7.2 Action by Intercepted Aircraft ............................................................................................................ ?
7.3 Radio Communication During Interception ....................................................................................... 7
7.4 Signals for Use in the Event of Interception ...................................................................................... 8
7.5 Interception Phraseologies ............................................................................................................... 9
8 SEARCH AND RESCUE
8.1 Communication Frequencies .......................................................................................................... 1 0
8.2 Procedures for a Pilot-in-Command Intercepting a Distress Transmission ..................................... 1 0
8.3 Procedures for a Pilot-in-Command at the Scene of an Accident.. ................................................. 1 0
8.4 Search and Rescue Signals ............................................................................................................ 1 0
9 IN-FLIGHT FUEL MANAGEMENT
9.3 Standard Phraseology ..................................................................................................................... 12
EMERGENCY DATA - STATE PAGES
Countries not listed below have no !GAO Differences published
Afghanistan ...................................................................................................................... AFGHANISTAN-1
Albania ...................................................................................................................................... ,ALBANIA-1
Austria ........................................................................................................................................ AUSTRIA-1
Azerbaijan ........................................................................................................................... AZERBAIJAN-1
Azores ......................................................................................................................................... AZORES-1
Belarus ............................................................................................................ , ......................... BELARUS-1

Canary ls ................................................................................................................................ CANARY IS-1
China, P.R. of ...................................................................................................................... CHINA, P.R. of-1
Croatia ......................................................................................................................................... CROATIA-1
Cyprus ........................................................................................................................................ CYPRUS-1
Czech ............................................................................................................................................ CZECH-1
Denmark .................................................................................................................................. DENMARK-1
Egypt ............................................................................................................................................. EGYPT-1
Eritrea ......................................................................................................................................... ERITREA-1
Ethiopia ..................................................................................................................................... ETHIOPIA-1

TABlE OF CONTENTS
Faroe Is ................................ : ....................... : ........................................ : ................................... FAROE IS-1
Finland ........................................................ .............................................................................. FiNLAND-1
France ......................................................................................................................................... FRANCE-1
Georgia ..................................................................................................................................... GEORGIA-1
Germany .................................................................................................................................. GERMANY-1
Gibraltar ................................................................................................................................. GIBRALTAR-1
Greece ....................................................................................................................................... GREECE-1
Greenland ............................................................................................................................ GREENLAND-1
Hong Kong, P. R. of China ........................................................................ HONG KONG, P. R. OF CHINA-1
Hungary .................................................................................................................................... HUNGARY-1
lceland ....................................................................................................................................... ICELAND-1
Iraq ................................................................................................................................................... IRAQ-1
Ireland '':: ...................... IRELAND-1
lsraei ............................................................... : .............................................................................. ISRAEL-1
ltaly ................................................................ ; .......... ; ....................................................................... ITALY-1
Jordan ......................................................................................................................................... JORDAN-1
Kazakhstan ........................................................................................................................ KAZAKHSTAN-1
Kenya ............................................................................................................................................. KENYA-1
Kuwait ............................................................ : ........................................................... , ................. KUWAIT-1
Kyrgyzstan ......................................................................................................................... KYRGYZSTAN-1
Latvia ............................................................................................................................................. LATVIA-1
Lebanon .................................................................................................................................. LEBANON-1
Lithuania .................................................................................................................................. LIJH UAN IA-1

Malawi ......................................................................................................................................... MALAWI-1
Malta ............................................................................................................................................... MALTA-1
Moldova .................................................................................................................................... MOLOOVA-1
Montenegro ................................................................................................... , ................. MONTENEGR0-1
Morocco ........................................................................................................ : ......................... MOROCC0-1
Namibia ....................................................................................................................................... NAMIBIA-1
Nepal .............................................................................................................................................. NEPAL-1
Netherlands ..................................................................................................................... NETHERLANOS-1
Nigeria ........................................................................................ : ........................... :.: ............... NIGERIA-1
Norway .............................................................................................................. : ...... : ............... NORWAY-1
Oman ..................................................... : ....................... : ............ : ................................................. OMAN-1
Poland ......................................................................................................................................... POLAN0-1
Portugai .................................................................................................................................. PORTUGAL-1
Romania ................................................................................................................................... ROMANIA-1
Russia ....................................................................................................................................... RUSSIA-1
Saudi Arabia ................................................................................................................... SAUOI ARABIA-1
Serbia ........................................................ , ................................................................................... SERBIA-1
Seychelles .......................................................................................................................... SE:YCHELLES-1
Sierra Leone .................................................................................................................... SIERRA LEONE-1
Slovakia ......... ' .................................................................................................................... SLOVAKIA-1
Slovenia ................................................................................................................................... SLOVENIA-1
South African Republic ........................................................................................ SOUTH AFRICAN REP.-1
Spain .......................................................................................................... : ............ : .............. , ........ SPAIN-1
Sweden ..................................................................................................................... : ................ SWEOEN-1
Switzerland ....................................................................................................................... SWITZERLAN0-1
Tajikistan ................................................................................................................................ see RUSSIA-1
Turkey ..........................................................................................................................................
Turkmenistan ......................................................................................................................... see RUSSIA-1
Uganda ........................................................................................................... , ........................... UGANOA-1
Ukraine .............................................................................................. :.: ..................................... UKRAINE-1
United Arab Emirates ............................................................................................................. : ........ UAE.-1
United Kingdom .......................................................................................................... UNITEO KINGOOM-1
Uzbekistan .......................................................................................................... : ... : ............ UZBEKISTAN-1
Yemen ........................................................................................................................................... YEMEN-1
Zambia ......................................................................................................................................... ZAMBIA-1
Zimbabwe ............................................................................................................................... ZIMBABWE-1
SPE:CIAL PROCEDURES FOR IN-FLIGHT CONTINGENCIES
EUROPE ............................................................................................................................................... E-21
EASTERN EUROPE ........................................................................................................................... EE-21
MIDDLE EAST ................................................................................................................. , ................. ME-21
RADIO COMMUNICATION FAILURE PROCEDURES
EUROPE ...................................................................... : ................................................................... : .... E-23
EASTERN EUROPE ........................................................................... , .............................................. EE-23
@JEPPESEN, 1994,2012. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
~ J E P P E S E N 14DEC12 EMERGENCY
EH-III
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SEARCH AND RESCUE FACILITIES
AFRICA (NORTHERN PART) .............................................................................................................. A-51
AFRICA (SOUTHERN PART) , .............................................................................................................. A-52
ATLANTIC ........................................................................................................................................... AT-51
CHINA ............................................................................................................................................... CH-51
EUROPE (NORTHERN PART) ............................................................................................................. E-51
EUROPE (CENTRAL PART) MEDITERRANEAN REGION .............................................................. E-52
EUROPE (WESTERN PART) MEDITERRANEAN REGION ............................................................. E-53
EUROPE (SOUTHERN PART) MEDITERRANEAN REGION ........................................................... E-54
EASTERN EUROPE EURASIA REGION (WESTERN PART) ......................................................... EE-51
EASTERN EUROPE EURASIA REGION (EASTERN PART) .......................................................... EE-52
MIDDLE EAST/SOUTH ASIA ............................................................................................................. ME-51
CONTINGENCY PLANS
AFRICA ................................................................................................................................................. A-11
MIDDLE EAST ................................................................................................................................... ME-11
SHANWICK OCEANIC ACC EVACUATION PROCEDURE
ATLANTIC ........................................................................................................................................... AT-11
GANDER ACC EVACUATION PROCEDURES
ATLANTIC ........................................................................................................................................... AT-13
~ J E P P E S E N 23 NOV 12 EMERGENCY
INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION (ICAO)
Extracted from the following ICAO publications:
RULES OF THE AIR, ANNEX 2
I AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS, ANNEX 6
AERONAUTICAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS, ANNEX 10, VOLUMES Ill
SEARCH AND RESCUE, ANNEX 12
PROCEDURES FOR AIR NAVIGATION SERVICES- AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT, PANS.ATM (Doc 4444)
PROCEDURES FOR AIR NAVIGATION SERVICES- AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS, PANS-OPS (Doc 8168)
Within this chapter, referencesto. the following ICAO Documents are made, however they are not pub-
lished herein:
REGIONAL SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEDURES (Doc 7030)
INTERNATIONAL AERONAUTICAL AND MARITIME SEARCH AND RESCUE (IAMSAR) MANUAL .(DOC
9731)
1 DEFINITIONS
Refer to Introduction/Chart Glossary.
2 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
2.1 GENERAL.
2.1.1 The various circumstances surrounding
each emergency situation preclude the establish-
ment of exact detailed procedures to be followed.
(Doc 4444, 15 . .1. 1)
2.1.2 Air traffic control units shall maintain full
and complete coordination, and personnel shall use
their best judgement in handling emergency situa-
tions. (Doc 4444, Part///, 16.1.1)
NOTE: To indicate that it is in a state of emergency,
an aircraft equipped with an SSR transponder might
operate the equipment as follows:
a. on Mode A, Code 7700; or
b. on Mode A, Code 7500, to indicate specifically
that it is being subjected to unlaWful interference.
2.2 PRIORITY
2.2.1 An aircraft known or believed to be in
a state of emergency, including being subjected to
unlawful interference, shall be given priority over
other aircraft. (Doc 4444, 15. 1.2)
2.3 DISTRESS FREQUENCIES
2.3.1 The ICAO Communication Procedures
require that an aircraft in distress when it is.airborne
should use the frequency in use for normal com-
munications with aeronautical stations at the time.
However, it is recognized that, after an aircraft has
crashed or ditched, there is a need for designating
a particular frequency or frequencies.to be used in
order that uniformity rriay be attained on a world-wide
basis, and so that a guard may be maintained or set
up by as many stations as possible including direc-
tion-finding stations, and stations of the Maritime
Mobile Service.
2.3.2 The frequency 2182 kHz is the interna-
tional distress frequency for radiotelephony to be
used for that purpose by ship, aircraft and survival
craft stations when requesting assistance from the
maritime service.
2.3.3 The frequency 4125 kHz is also autho-
rized to enable communications between stations in
the maritime mobile service and aircraft stations in
distress.
2.3.4 Similarly, the. frequency 500 kHz is the
international distress frequency for radiotelegraphy to
be used for that purpose by ship, aircraft and survival
craft stations when requesting assistance from the
maritime service.
2.3.5 With respect to survival craft stations the
following emergency I distress frequencies are pro-
vided:
a. VHF -121.5 MHz;
b. UHF - 243.0 MHz;
c. HF- 500kHz, 2182kHz, 8364kHz.
(Annex 10, v.or V, Chapter 2/ntroduction)
2.4 TRANSPONDER OPERATIONS
- EMERGENCY '
2.4.1 The pi.lot of an aircraft in a state of emer-
gency shall set the transponder to Mode A Code 7700
unless ATC has previously directed the pilot to oper-
ate the transponder on a specified code. In the lat-
ter case, the pilot shall continue to use the specified
code unless otherwise advised by ATC. However, a
pilot may select Mode A Code 7700 whenever there
is a specific reason to believe that this would be the
best course of action. (Doc 8168, Vol/, Part Ill, Sec-
tion 3, Chapter 1, 1.4 ):
2.5 DISTRESS AND URGENCY SIGNALS
NOTE: None of the provisions in this section shall pre-
vent the use, by an aircraft in distress, of any means at
its disposal to attract attention, make known its posi-
tion and obtain help.
2.5.1 Distress Signals
2.5.1.1 The following signals, used either
together or separately, mean that grave and immi-
nent danger threatens, and immediate assistance is
requested:
a. a signal made by radiotelegraphy or by any other
signalling method consisting of the group SOS
( . --- in the Morse Code);
b. a radiotelephony distress signal consisting ofthe
spoken word MAYDAY;
INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION (ICAO}
c. a distress message sent via data link which
transmits the intent of the word MAYDAY;
d. rockets or shells throwing red lights, fired one at
a time at short intervals;
e. a parachute flare showing a red light.
(Annex 2, Appendix 1, 1.1)
2.5.2 Urgeoncy .Signals
2.5.2.1 The following signals, used either
together or separately, mean that an aircraft wishes
to give notice of difficulties which compel it to land
without requiring immediate assistance:
a. the repeated switching on and off of the landing
lights; or '
b. the repeated switching on and off of the naviga-
tion lights.in such a manner as to be distinct from
flashing navigation lights.
(Annex 2, Appendix 1, 1.2.1)
2.5.2.2 The following signals, used either
together or separately, mean that an aircraft has
a very urgent rnessage to transmit concerning the
safety of a ship, aircraft or other vehicle, or of some
person on board or within sight;
a. a signal made by radiotelegraphy or by any other
signalling method consisting of the group XXX;
b. a radiotelephony urgency signal consisting of
the spoken words PAN, PAN.
c. an urgency message sent Ilia data link which
transmits the intent of the words PAN, PAN.
(Annex 2, Appendix 1, 1.2.2)
3 UNLAWFUL INTERFERENCE
3.1 GENERAL
3.1.1 An aircraft which is being subjected to
unlaWful interference shall endeavor to notify the
appropriaie ATS unit of this fact,_ any significant cir-
cumstances associated therewith and' any deviation
from the current flight plan necessitated by the cir-
cumstances, in order to enable the ATS unit to give
priority to the aircraft and to rninimize cori!Uct with
other aircraft. (Annex 2, 3.7)
3.1.2 When an air traffic services unit knows or
believes that an aircraft is being subjected to unlaw-
ful interference no reference shall be made in ATS
air-ground com;nunications to the i1ature of the emer-
gency unless it has first been referred to in commu-
nications from the aircraft involved and it is certain
that such reference will not aggravate the situation.
(Annex 11, 5.6.2)
3.2 TRANSPONDER. OPE,RATIONS -
UNLAWFUL INTERFERENCE WITH
AIRCRAFT IN FLIGHT
3.2.1 If there is unlawful interference with an air-
craft in flight, the pilot-in-command shall attempt to
set the transponder to Mode A Code 7500 in order
to indicate the situation: If circumstances so warrant,
Code 7700 should be used instead. (Doc 8168, Vol/,
Part Ill, Section 3, Chapter 1, 1.6.1).
3.2.2 If a pilot has selected Mode A Code 7500
and has been requested to confirm this code by ATC
(in accordance with 1 .1.5), the pilot shall, according
to circumstances, either confirm this or not reply at
all. (Doc 8168, Vol!) .
NOTE: If the pilot does not reply, ATC will take this
as confirmation that the use of Code 7500 is not an
inadvertent fl:lls<; code selection.
3.3 PROCEDURES
3.3.1 The are intended as
guidance for use by aircraft when unlawful interfer-
ence occurs and the aircraft is unable to notify an ATS
unit of this fact. (Annex 2, Attachment B)
3.3.2 Unless considerations aboard the air-
craft dictate otherwise, the pilot-in-comm!iind should
attempt to continue flying on the assigned track and
at the assigned cruising level at least until able to
notify an ATS unit or within radar (Annex
2, Attachment B, 2.1)
3.3.3 When an aircraft subjected to an act of
unlawful interference must depart from its assigned
track or its assigned cruising level without being able
to make radiotelephony contact with ATS, the piloHn-
command should, whenever possible;
a. attempt to broadcast warnimgs on the VHF
emergency. frequency and other appropriate
frequencies, unless. considerations aboard the
aircraft dictate otherwise. Other equipment
such as on-board transponders, data links, etc.,
should also be used when it is advantageous to
do so and circumstances permit; and
b. proceed in accordance with applicable spe-
cial procedures for in-flight contingencies,
'where such procedures have been established
and promulgated in ICAO Oocument 7030 -
Regional Supplementary Procedures; or
c. if no applicable regional procedures have been
established, proceed at a level which differs from
the cruising ,levels normally used for IFR flight
by: '
1. 150m (500 ft) in an area where a vertical
separation minimum of 300m (1000 ft) is
applied; cir
2. 300m (1000 ft) in an area where a vertical
separation minimum of 600m (2000 ft) is
applied.
(Annex 2, Attachment B, 2.2)
4 EMERGENCY DESCENT
4.1 INITIAL ACTION BY THE AIR
TRAFFIC CONTROL UNIT
4.1.1 Upon receipt of advice that an aircraft is
making an emergency descent through other traf-
fic, all possible action shall be taken immediately
to safeguard all aircraft concerned. When deemed
necessary, ait traffi.c .control units shall immediately
broadcast by means. of the appropriate radio aids,
or if not possible, request the appropriate com-
munications stations immediately to broadcast an
emergency message. (Doc 4444, Part Ill, 15.1.4)
JEPPESEN, 1999, 2012. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
~ . J E P P E S E N 23 NOV 12 EMERGENCY 3
INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION (ICAO)
4.2 ACTION BY THE PILOT-IN-
COMMAND
4.2.1 It is expected that aircraft receiving such a
broadcast will clear the specified areas and standby
on the appropriate radio frequency for further clear
ances from the air traffic control unit. (Doc 4444 Part
Ill, 15.1.4)
4.3 SUBSEQUENT ACTION BY THE AIR
TRAFFIC CONTROL UNIT
4.3.1 Immediately after such an emergency
broadcast has been made the area control center;
the approach control office, or the aerodrome control
tower concerned shall forward further clearances to
all aircraft involved as to additional procedures to be
followed during and subsequent to the emergency
descent. The ATS unit concerned shall additionally
inform any other ATS units and control sectors which
may be affected. (Doc 4444, Part Ill, 15.1.4)
5 DISTRESS AND URGENCY
RADIOTELEPHONY
COMMUNICATION PROCEDURES
5.1 GENERAL
5.1.1 The radiotelephony distress signal MAY
DAY and the radiotelephony .urgency signal PAN
PAN shall be used at the commencement of the first
distress and urgency communication respectively.
(Annex 10, Vo/11, 5.3.1.2)
5.1.1.1 At the commencement of any subse-
quent communication in distress and urgency traffic,
it shall be permissible to use the radiotelephony
distress and urgency signals. (Annex 10, Vol II,
5.3.1.2.1)
5.1.2 The originator of messages addressed
to an aircraft in distress or urgency condijion shall
restrict to the minimum the number and volume
and content of such messages as required by the
condition. (Annex 10, Vo/11, 5.3.1.3)
5.1.3 If no acknowledgement of the distress or
urgency message is made by th.e station addressed
by the aircraft, other stations shall render assistance,
as prescribed in 5.2.2 and 5.3.2 respectively. (Annex
10, Vo/11, 5.3.1.4)
NOTE: "Other stations is intended to refer to any
other station which has received the distress or
urgency message and has become aware that it has
not been acknowledged by the station addressed.
5.1.4 Distress and urgency traffic shall normally
be maintained on the frequency on which such traffic
was initiated until it is considered that better assis-
tance can be provided by transferring that traffic to
another frequ.ency. (Annex 10, Vo/11, 5.3.1.5)
NOTE: 121.5 MHz or alternative available VHF or HF
frequencies may be used as appropriate.
5.1.5 In cases of distress an<;! urgency commu-
nications, in general, t!"le transmissions by radiotele-
phony shall be made slowly and distinctly, eacl:l word
being clearly pronounced to facilitate transcription.
(Annex 10, Vo/11, 5.3.1.6)
5.2 RADIOTELEPHONY DISTRESS
COMMUNICATIONS
5.2.1 Action by the Aircraft in Distress
5.2.1.1 In addition to being preceded by the
radiotelephony distress signal MAYDAY, preferably
spoken three times, the distress message to be sent
by an aircraft in distress shall:
a. be on the air-ground frequency in use at the
time;
b. consist of as many as possible of the following
elements spoken distinctly and, if possible, in the
following order:
1. name of the station addressed (time and
circumstances permitting);
2. the identification of the aircraft;
3. the nature of the distress condition;
4. intention of the person in command;
5. preseni position, level (i.e., flight level, alti-
tude, etc., as appropriate) and heading.
(Annex 10, Vo/11, 5.3.2.1.1)
NOTE:
a. The foregoing provisions may be supplemented
by the following measures;
1. the distress message of an aircraft in dis-
tress being inade on the emergency fre-
quency 121.5 MHz or another aeronautical
mobile frequency, if considered necessary
or desirable. Not all aeronautical stations
maintain a continuous guard dn the emer-
gency frequency;
2. the distress message of an aircraft in dis-
tress being broadcast, if time and circum-
stances make this course preferable;
3. the aircraft transmitting on the maritime
mobile service radiotelephony calling fre-
quencies;
4. the aircraft using any means at its disposal
to attract attention and make known -its
conditions (including the aCtivation of the
appropriate SSR mode and code);
5. any station taking any means at its disposal
to assist an aircraft in distress;
6. any variation on the elements listed under
b. above, when the transmitting station is
not itself in distress, provided that such cir-
cumstance is clearly stated in the distress
message.
b. The station addressed will normally be that sta-
tion communicating with the aircraft or in whose
area of responsibility the aircraft is operating.
5.2.2 Action by the Station Addressed
or First Station Acknowledging
the Distress Message
5.2.2.1 The station addressed by aircraft in
distress, or first station acknowledging the distress
message shall:
a. immediately acknowledge the distress mes-
sage;
INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION (ICAO)
b. take control of the communications or specif-
ically and clearly transfer that responsibility,
advising the aircraft if a transfer is made;
c. take immediate action to ensure that all neces-
sary information is made available, as soon as
possible; to:
1 . the ATS unit concerned;
2. the. aircraft operating agency concerned, or
its representative, in accordance with pre-
established arrangements;
NOTE: The requirement to inform the air-
craft operating agency conceined does not
have priority over any other action which
irJVolves the safety of the flighi in distress,
or of any other flight in the area, or which
might affect the progress of expected
flights in the area.
d. warn other stations-, as appropriate, in order to
prevent the transfer of traffic to the frequency of
the distress communication.
(Annex 10, Vo/11, 5.3.2.2.1).
5.2.3 Imposition of Silence
5.2.3.1 The station in distress, or the station. in
control of distress traffic,. shall be permitted to impose
silence,. either on all stations of the mobile service
in the area or on any station which interferes with
the distress traffic. It shall .address these instructions
'to all stations", or lo one station only, according to
circumstances. In either case, it shall use:
- STOP TRANSMITTING;
- the radiotelephony distress signal MAYDAY.
(Annex 10, Vofll, 5.3.2.3.1)
5.2.3.2 The use of the .. signals specified in
5.2.3.1 shall be reserved for the aircraft in distress
and for the station controlling the distress traffic.
(Annex 10, Vo/11, 5.3.2.3.2)
5.2.4 Action by All Other Stations
5.2.4.1 The distress communications have
absolute priority over all other communications, and
a station aware of them sh.all not transmit on the
frequency concerned, unless:
a. the distres.s is cancelled or the distress traffic is
terminated;
b. all distress traffic has been transferred to other
frequencies;
c. the station controlling communications gives
permission;
d. it has itself to render assistance.
(Annex 10, Vo/11, 5.3.2.4.1)
5.2.4.2 Any station which has knowledge of
distress traffic; and which canndt itself assist the sta-
tion in distress, shall nevertheless continue listening
to such traffic until it is evident that assistance is being
provided. (Annex 10, Vo/11, 5.3.2.4.2)
5.2.5 Terminatidn of Distress
Communications and of Silence
5.2.5.1 When an -aircraft is no longer in dis-
tress, it shall transmit a message cancelling the dis-
tress condition. (Annex 10, Vo/11, 5.3.2.5.1)
5.2.5.2 When the station which has controlled
the distress communication traffic becomes aware
that the distress condition is ended, it shall take imme-
diate action to ensure that this information is made
B.vailable; as sOon .. as
.a. the ATS unit concerned;
b. the aircraft operating agency concerned, or its
representative, in accordance with pre-estab
lished arrangements.
(Annex 10, Vo/11, 5.3.2.5.2)
5.2.5.3 The distress communication and
silence conditions shall be terminated by transmitting
a message, including the words "DISTRESS TRAF-
FIC ENDED", on the frequency or frequencies being
used for the distress traffic. This message shall be
originated only by the station controlling the commu-
nications when, after the reception of the message
prescribed in 5.2.5.1 , it is authorized to do so by the
appropriate authority. (Annex 10, Vo/11, 5.3.2.5.3)
5.3 RADIOTELEPHONY URGENCY
COMMUNICATIONS
5.3.1 Action by the Aircraft Reporting
an Urgency Condition (except
Medical Transports)
5.3.1.1 In addition to being preceded by the
radiotelephony urgency signal PAN PAN, preferably
spoken three times and each word of the group pro-
nounced as the French word "panne", the urgency
mess;lge to be sent by an aircraft reporting an
urgency condition shall: -
a. be on the air-ground frequency in use at the
time;
b. consist of as many as required of the following
elements spoken distinctly and, if possible, in the
following order:
1. the name of the station addressed;
2. the identification of the aircraft;
3. the nature of the urgency condition;
4. the intention of the person in command;
5. present position, level (i.e., flight level, alti-
tude, etc., as appropriate) and heading;
6. any other useful information.
(Annex 10, Vo/11, 5.3.3.1.1)
NOTE:
a. The foregoing provisions are not intended to
prevent an aircraft broadcasting an urgency
message, if time and circumstances make this
course preferable.
b: The station addressed will normally be that sta-
tion communicating with the aircraft or in whose
area of responsibility the aircraft' is operating.
5.3.2 Action by the Station Addressed
or First Station Acknowledging
the Urgency Message
5.3.2.1 lhe station addressed by ari air
craft reporting an urgency condition, or first station
acknowledging the urgency message, shall:
a. acknowledge the urgency message;
JEPPESEN, 1999, 2012. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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23 NOV 12 EMERGENCY 5
INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION (ICAO)
b: take immediate action to ensure that all neces-
sary information is made available, as soon as
possible, to:
1. the ATS unit concerned;
2. the aircraft operating agency concerned, or
its representative, in accordance with pre-
established arrangements;
NOTE: The requirement to inform the air-
craft operating agency concerned does not
have priority over any other action which
involves the safety of the flight in distress,
or of any other flight in the area, or which
might affect the progress of expected
flights in the area.
c. if necessary, exercise control of communica-
tions.
(Annex 10, Vol//, 5.3.3.2.1)
5.3.3 Action by Other Stations
5.3.3.1 The urgency communications have
priority over all other communications, except dis-
tress, and all stations shall take care not to interfere
with the transmission of urgency traffic. (Annex 10,
Vol//, 5.3.3.3.1)
5.3.4 Action by an Aircraft Used for
Medical Transports
5.3.4.1 The use of the signal described in
5.3.4.2, shall indicate that the message which follows
concerns a protected medical transport pursuant
to the 1949 Geneva Conventions and Additional
Protocols. (Annex 10, Vol//, 5.3.3.4.1)
5.3.4.2 For the purpose of announcing and
identifying aircraft used for medical transports, a
transmission of the radiotelephony urgency signal
PAN PAN, preferably spoken three times, and each
word of the group pronounced as the French word
"panne", shall be followed by the radiotelephony
signal for medical transports MAY-DEE-CAL, pro-
nounced as in the French "medical". The use Of the
signals described above indicates that the message
which follows concerns a protected medical trans-
port. The message shall convey the following data:
a. the call sign or other recognized means of iden-
tification of the medical transports;
b. posnion of the medical transports;
c. number and type of medical transports;
d. intended route;
e. estimated time enroute and of departure and
arrival, as appropriate; and
I. any other information such as flight altitude,
radio frequencies guarded, languages used
and secondary surveillance radar modes and
codes.
(Annex 10, Vol//, 5.3.3.4.2)
5.3.5 Action by the Station Addressed
or by Other Stations Receiving a
Medical Transports Message
5.3.5.1 The provisions of 5.3 .. 2 and 5.3.3 shall
apply as appropriate to stations receiving a medical
transports message. (Annex 10, Vol//, 5.3.3.5.1)
6 COMMUNICATIONS FAILURE
6.1 GENERAL RULES
6.1.1 An aircraft operated as a controlled flight
shall continuous air-ground voice commu-
nication watch on the appropriate communication
channel of, and establish two-way communication
as necessary with, the <IPPropriate air traffic control
unit, except as may be prescribed by the appropriate
ATS authority in respect of aircraft forming part of
aerodrome traffic at a controlled aerodrome. (Annex
2, 3.6.5.1)
NOTE 1: SIELCAL or similar automatic signalling
devices satisfy the requirement to maintain a listen-
ing watch.
NOTE 2: The requirement for an aircraft to maintain
an air-ground voice communication watch remains in
affect after CPDLC has been established.
6.1.2 If a communication failure precludes
compliance with 6.1.1, the aircraft shall comply with
the communication failure procedures in 6.2 below,
and. wnh such of the following procedures as are
appropriate. The aircraft shall attempt to establish
communications with the appropriate air traffic con-
trol un.it using all other available means. In addition,
the airCraft, when forming part of the aerodrome traf-
fic at a controlled aerodrome, shall keep a watch for
such instructions as may be issued by visual signals.
(Annex 2, 3.6.5.2)
6.1.2.1 If in visual meteorological conditions,
the aircraft shall:
a. continue to fly in visual meteorological condi-
tions;
b. land at the nearest suitable aerodrome; and
c. report its arrival by the most expeditious means
to the appropriate air traffic control unit.
(Annex 2, 3.6.5.2.1)
6.1.2.2 If in instrument meteorological condi-
tions or when the pilot of an IFR flight considers it
inadvisable to complete the flight. in accordance with
6.1.2.1 the aircraft shall:
a. unless otherwise prescribed on the basis of
regional air navigation agreement, in airspace
where radar is not used in the provision of air
traffic control, maintain the last assigned speed
and level, or minimum flight altitude if higher, for
a period of 20 minutes following the aircraft's
failure to report its position over a compulsory
reporting point and thereafter adjust level and
speed in accordance with the filed flight plan;
b. in airspace where radar is used in the provision
of air traffic control, maintain the last assigned
speed and level, or minimum flight altitude if
higher, for a period of 7 minutes following:
1. the time the last assigned level or minimum
flight altitude is reached; or
2. the time the transponder is set to Code
7600; or
3. the aircraft's failure to report its position
over a compulsory reporting point;
INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION (ICAO)
whichever is later, and thereafter.adjust level and
speed in accordance Yo!ith the filed flight plan;
c. when being radar vectored or having been
directed by ATC to' proceed offset using RNAV
without a speCified limit, rejoin the current flight
plan route no later than the next significant
point, taking into consideration 'the applicable
minimum flight altitude;
d. proceed according to the current flight plan route
to the appropriate designated navigation aid or
fix serving the destination aerodrome and, when
required to ensure compliance with e. below,
hold over this aid or fix until commencement of
descent;
e. commence descent from the navigation a.id or
fix speCified in d. at, or as close as possible to,
the expected approach time last received and
acknowledged; or, if no expected approachtime
has been received and acknowledged, at, or as
close as possible to, the estimated time of arrival
resulting from the current flight plan;
f. complete a normal instrument approach proce-
dure as specified for the designated navig'ation
aid or fix; and
g. land, if possible, within thirty minutes after the
estimated time of arrival specified in e. or the
last acknowledged expected apprqach time,
whichever is later.
NOT:
a. The provision of airtrafffc control swvice to other
flights operating in thfJ airspace concerned will
be based on the assumption that an aircraft
experiencing radio failure will comply with the
rules in 8: 1:2.2.
b. See also AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL -Interna-
tional Civil Aviation Organization Rules of the
Air.
(Annex 2, 3.6.5.2.2)
6;2 AIR-GROUND COMMUNICATIONS
FAILURE
6.2.1 When an aircraft station fails to establish
contact with the aeronautical station on the desig-
nated frequency, it shall attempt to establish contact
on another frequency appropriate to the route. If
''this attempt fails, the aircraft station shall attempt to
establish communication with other aircraft or other
aeronautical stations on frequencies appropriate to
the route. In addition, an aircraft operating within
a network .shall monitor the appropriate VHF fre-
quency for calls from nearby aircraft. (Annex 10, Vol
II, 5.2.2.7.1. 1)
6.2.2 If .the attempts specified under 6.2.1 fail,
the aircraft station shall transmit its message twice
on the designated frequency(ies), preceded by the
phrase "TRANSMITTING BLIND" and, if necessary,
include the addressee(s) forwhich the message is
intended. (Annex 10; Vol//, 5.2.2.7.1.2)
Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS)
Recommendation - 1n network operation, a mes-
sage which is transmitted blind should be transmit-
ted twice on both primary and secondary frequen-
cies. Before changing frequency, the aircraft station
should announce the frequency to which it is chang-
ing. (Annex 10, Vol//, 5.2.2.7.1.2.1).
6.3 RECEIVER FAILURE
6.3.1 When an aircraft station is unable to
establish communication due to receiver failure,
it shall transmit reports at the scheduled times,
or p o s ~ i o n s , on the frequency in use, preceded
by the phrase "TRANSMITTING BLIND DUE TO
RECEIVER FAILURE". The aircraft. station shall
transmit the intended m'essage, following this by
a complete repetition. During this procedure, the
aircraft shall also advise the time of its next intended
transmission. (Annex 10, Vol//, 5.2.2.7:1.3.1)
6.3.2 An aircraft which is provided with air traffic
control or advisory service shall, in addition to com-
plying with 6.3.1, transmit information regarding the
intention of the pilot-in-command with respect to the
continuation of the flight of the aircraft. (Annex 10, Vol
II, 5.2.2.7.1.3.2) . .
6.3.3 When an aircraft is unable to establish
communication du.e to airborne equipment fililure
it shall, when so equipped, select the appropriate
SSR code to indicate radio failure. (Annex 10, Vol//,
5.2.2.7.1.3.3)
6.4 TRANSPONDER PROCEDURES -
RADIO COMMUNICATION FAILURE
6.4.1 The pilot of an aircraft losing two-way
communications shall set the transponder to Mode
A Code 7600. (Doc 8168, Vol/, Part Ill, Section 3,
Chapter 1, 1.5)
NOT: A controller who observes an SSR response
indicating selection of the communications failure
code will determine the extent of the failure by
. instructing the pilot to SQUAWK /DENT or to c;hange
code,. If it. is determined that the aircraft receiver is
functioning, furthe.r control of the aircraft will be c;on-
tinued using code changes or /DENT transmission to
acknowledge receipt of clearances. Different proce-
dures may be applied to Mode S equipped aircraft in
areas of Mode S coverage.
7 INTERCEPTION
7.1 GENERAL
NOT: The word "interception" in this context does
not include intercept and escort service provided, on
request, to an aircraft in distress, in accordance with
the Search and Rescue Manual (Annex 2; 3.8).
7.1.1 Interception of civil aircraft shall be gov-
erned by appropriate regulations and administrative
directives 'issued by contracting States in compliance
with the Convention on International Civil Aviation,
and in particular Article 3(d) under which contracting
States undertake, when issuing regulations for their
State aircraft, to have due regard for the safety of nav-
igation of civil aircraft. Acc'ordingly,' in drafting appro-
priate reguiations and administrative directives due
regard shall be had to the provisions contained in the
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL- International Civil Avia-
tion Organization Rules of the Air, and the following
paragraphs. (Annex 2, 3.8.1)
@JEPPESEN, 1999, 2012. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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~ J E P P E S E N 23 NOV 12 EMERGENCY
INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION (ICAO)
7.2 ACTION BY INTERCEPTED
AIRCRAFT
7.2.1 An aircraft which is intercepted by another
aircraft shall immediately:
a .
b.
c.
follow the instructions given by the intercept-
ing aircraft, interpreting and responding to visual
signals in accordance with the specifications in
paragraph 7.4;
notify, if possible, the appropriate air traffic ser-
vices unit;
attempt to establish radiocommunication with
the intercepting aircraft or with the appropriate
intercept control unit, by making a general call
on the emergency frequency 121.5 MHz, giving
the identity of the intercepted aircraft and the
nature of the flight; and if no contact has been
established and if practicable, repeating this call
on the emergency frequency 243.0 MHz;
d. if equipped with SSR transponder, select Mode
A, Code 7700, unless otherwise instructed by
the appropriate air traffic services unit.
(Annex 2, Appendix 2, 2. 1)
7.2.2 If any instructions received by radio from
any sources conflict with those given by the intercept-
ing aircraft by visual signals, the intercepted aircraft
shall request immediate clarification while continuing
to comply with the visual instructions given by the
intercepting aircraft. (Annex 2, Appendix 2, 2.2)
7.2.3 If any instructions received by radio from
any sources conflict with those given by the inter-
cepting aircraft by radio, the intercepted aircraft shall
request immediate clarification while continuing to
comply with the radio instructions given by the inter-
cepting aircraft. (Annex 2, Appendix 2, 2.3)
RADIOCOMMUNICATION DURING
INTERCEPTION
7.3.1 If radio contact is established during inter-
ception but communication in a common language
is not possible, attempts shall be made to convey
instructions, acknowledgement of instructions and
essential information by using the phrases and pro-
nunciations in paragraph 7.5 and transmitting each
.- phrase twice. (Annex 2, Appendix 2, 3)
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INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION (ICAO)
7.4 SIGNALS FOR USE IN THE EVENT
OF INTERCEPTION
7.4.1 Signals Initiated by Intercepting
Aircraft and Responses by Intercepted
Aircraft (Annex 2, Appendix 1, 2.1)
SERIES
INTERCEPTING
MEANING
Aircraft Signals
1 DAY or NIGHT- Rocking aircraft You have been
and flashing navigational lights intercepted.
at irregular intervals (and landing
Follow me.
lights in the case of a helicopter)
from a position slightly above
and ahead of, and normally to
the left of, the intercepted aircraft
(or to the right if the intercepted
aircraft is a helicopter) and, after
acknowledgement, a slow level
turn, normally to the left, (or to the
right in the case of a helicopter)
onto the desired heading.
NOTE:
a. Meteorological conditions
or terrain may require
the intercepting aircraft to
reverse the positions and
direction of turn given above
in series 1.
b. If the intercepted aircraft is
not able to keep pace with
the intercepting aircraft, the
latter is expected to fly a
series of racetrack patterns
and to rock the aircraft
each time it passes the
intercepted aircraft.
2 DAY or NIGHT- An abrupt You may
breakaway maneuver from the proceed.
intercepted aircraft consisting of
a climbing turn of 90 degrees or
more without crossing the line of
flight of the intercepted aircraft.
3 DAY or NIGHT- Lowering Land at this
landing gear (if fitted), showing aerodrome.
steady landing lights and
overflying runway in use or, if the
intercepted aircraft is a helicopter,
overflying the helicopter landing
area. In the case of helicopters,
the intercepting helicopter makes
a landing approach, coming to
hover near to the landing area.
INTERCEPTED
MEANING
Aircraft Responds
DAY or NIGHT - Rocking Understood,
aircraft, flashing navigational will comply.
lights at irregular intervals
and following.
NOTE: Additional action
required to be taken by
intercepted aircraft is
prescribed in paragraph
7.2.
DAY or NIGHT - Rocking Understood,
the aircraft. will comply.
DAY or NIGHT- Lowering Understood,
landing gear, (if fitted), will comply.
showing steady landing
lights and following the
intercepting aircraft and, if,
after overflying the runway
in use or helicopter landing
area, landing is considered
safe, proceeding to land.
JEPPESEN, 1999, 2012. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
23 NOV 12 EMERGENCY
INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION (ICAO)
7.4.2 Signals Initiated by Intercepted Aircraft
and Responses by Intercepting
Aircraft (Annex 2 Appendix 1, 2.2)
SERIES
INTERCEPTED
MEANING
Aircraft Signals
4
5
6
7.5
DAY or NIGHT- Raising landing Aeradrome you
gear (if fitted) and flashing landing have designated
lights while passing over runway is inadequate.
in use or helicopter landing area at
a height exceeding 300m (1000')
but not exceeding 600m (2000')
(in the case of a helicopter, at
a height exceeding 50m (170')
but not exceeding 1OOm (330')
above the aerodrome level, and
continuing to circle runway in
use or helicopter landing area.
If unable to flash landing lights,
flash any other lights available.
DAY or NIGHT - Regular Cannot comply.
switching on and off of all
available lights but in such a
manner as to be distinct from
flashing lights.
DAY or NIGHT - Irregular In distress.
flashing of all available lights.
INTERCEPTION PHRASEOLOGIES
(Annex 2, Appendix 2, Table 2.1)
INTERCEPTING
MEANING
Aircraft Responds
DAY or NIGH! - If it is Understood,
desired that the intercepted follow me.
aircraft follow the intercepting
aircraft to an alternate
aerodrome, the intercepting
aircraft raises its landing
gear (if fitted) and uses the
Series 1 signals prescribed
for intercepting" aircraft.
If it is decided to release Understood,
the intercepted aircraft, the you may
intercepting aircraft uses the proceed.
Series 2 signals prescribed
for intercepting aircraft.
DAY or NIGHT- Use.Series Understood.
2 signals prescribed for
intercepting aircraft.
DAY or NIGHT- Use Series Understood.
2 signals prescribed for
intercepting aircraft.
Phrases for use by, INTERCEPTING Aircraft Phrases for use by INTERCEPTED Aircraft
Phrase Pronunciationt Meaning Phrase Pronunciation
1
Meaning
CALL SIGN KQ!.SA-IN What is your call CALL SIGN (call KQ!. SA-IN (call My call sign is
sign? sign)
2
sign) (call sign)
FOLLOW .EQ.!.-LO Follow me WILCO VILL-KO Understood will
comply
9
DESCEND DEE-SEND Descend for CAN NOT KANN NOTT Unable to comply
landing
YOU LAND
Ymi..LMN.I2
Land at this REPEAT Repeat your
aerodrome instruction
PROCEED PRO-SEED You may praceed AM LOST AM LOSST Position
unknown
MAYDAY MAYDAY ram in distress
HIJACK
3
.!::1!-JACK I have been
hijacked
LAND (place LAAND (place I request to land
name) name) at (place name)
DESCEND DEE-.sENQ I require descent
1 In the PrOnunciation column, syllables to be emphasized are bold I underlined.
2 The call sign required to be given is that used in radiotelephony communications with air traffic services
units and corresponding to the aircraft identification in the flight plan.
3 Circumstances may not always permit, nor make desirable, the use of the phrase "HIJACK".
INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION (ICAO)
8 SEARCH AND RESCUE
8.1 COMMUNICATION FREQUENCIES
8.1.1 Where there is a requirement for the use
of high frequencies for search rescue scene of
action coordination purposes; the frequencies 3023
kHz and 5680kHz shall be employed. (Annex 10, Vol
\1, 2.2.1)
NOTE: Where civil commercial aircraft take part in
search and rescue operations, they will 'normally
communicate on the appropriate enroute channels
with the flight information center associated with the
rescue co-ordination center concerned.
8.2 PROCEDURES FOR A PILOT-IN-
COMMAND INTERCEPTING A
DISTRESS TRANSMISSION
8.2.1 Whenever a distress transmission is inter-
cepted by a pilot-in-command of an aircraft, the pilot
shall, if feasible:
a. acknowledge the distress transmission;
b. record the position of the craft in distress if given;
c. take a bearing on the transmission;
d. inform the appropriate rescue coordination cen-
tre or air traffic services unit of the distress trans-
mission, giving all available information; and
e. at the pilot's discreiion; while awaiting .instruc-
tions, proceed to the position given in the trans-
mission.
(Annex 12, 5.7)
8.3 PROCEDURES FOR A
AT THE
SCENE OF AN ACCIDENT
8.3.1 When a pilot-in-command observes that
either another aircraft or a surface craft is in distress,
the 'pilot shall, if possible and unless considered
unreasonable or unnecessary:
a. keep the craft in distress in sight until compelled
to leave the scene or advised by the rescue
coordination centre that it is no longer neces-
sary;
b. determine the position of the craft iri distress;
c. as appropriate, report to the rescue coordination
centre or air traffic services uriit as much of the.
following information as possible.
- type of craft in distress, its identification and
condition;
- its position, expressed in geographical
co-ordinates or in distance and true bearing
froma distinctive landmark dr from a radio
navigation aid;
- time of observation expressed in hours and
minutes UTC;
- number of persons observed;
- whether persons have been seen to abandon
the craft in distress;
- on-scene weather conditions;
apparent physical condition of survivors;
- apparent best ground access route to the dis-
tress site; and
d. act as instructed by the rescue co-ordination
center or the air traffic services unit.
(AnneX 12, 5.6.2)
8.'3.2 If the first aircraft to reach the scene of
an accident is not a search and rescue aircraft it shaH
tal<e charge of on-scene activities of all other aircraft
subsequently arriVing until the first search and res-
cue aircraft reaches the scene of the accident. If,
in the meantime, such aircraft is unable to establish
communication with the appropriate rescue co-ordi-
nation center or air traffic services unit, it shall, by
mutual agreement, hand over to an aircraft capable
of establishing and maintaining such communications
until the arrival of the first search and rescue aircraft.
(Annex 12, 5.6.2.1)
8.3.3 When it necessary for an aircraft to
direct a surf!ice craft to the place where an aircraft
or surface craft is in distress, the aircraft shall do so
by transmitting precise instructions by any means
at its disposal. If n() radio communication can be
established the aircraft shall use the appropriate
visual signal in paragraph 8.4. (Annex 12, 5.6.5}
8.3.4 When it is necessary for an aircraft to
convey information to survivors or surf!ice rescue
units, and is not available, it
shall, if practicable, drop communication equipment
that would enable direct contact to be established,
or convey the information by dropping a hard copy
message. (Anne}( 12, 5.6.3)
8.3.5 When a-ground signal has been displayed,
the aircraft shall indicate whether the signal has been
understood or not by the means described in 8.3.4
or, if this is not practicable, by use of the appropriate
visual Signal in paragraph 8.4. (Annex 12, 5.6.4/
8.4 SEARCH AND RESCUE SIGNALS
8.4.1 General
8.4.1.1 The air-to-surf!ice and surtace-to-air
visual signals in this section shall, when used, have
the meaning indicated therein. They shall be used
only for the purpose indicated and no other signals
likely to be confused with them shall be used. (Annex
12, 5.8.1)
8.4.1.2 Upon observing any of the signals
given in this section,_aircraft shall take such action
as may be required by the interpretation of the signal
given. (Annex 12, 5.8.2)
8.4.2 Signals with Surface Craft
NOTE: The following replies may be made by surface
craft to the signal in 8.4.2. 1:
- For acknowledging receipt of signals:
a. the hoistingaf the "Code pennant" (vertical
red and white stripes) close up (meaning
understood);
b. the flashing of a succession of "T's" by signal
lamp in the Morse code;
c. the changing of heading to follow the aircraft.
- For indicating inability to comply:
a. the hoisting of the international flag "N" (a
blue and white checkered square);
JEPPESEN, 1999, 2012. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION {ICAO)
b. the flashing of a succession of "N's" in the
Morse code.
8.4.2.1 The following maneuvers performed in
sequence by an aircraft mean that the aircraft wishes
to direct a surface craft towards an aircraft or a sur-
face craft in distress:
a. circling the surface craft at least once;
b. crossing the projected course of the surface
craft close ahead at low altitude and:
1. rocking the wings; or
2. opening and closing the throttle; or
3. changing the propeller pitch.
NOTE: Due to high noise level on-board
surface craft, the sound signals in (2) and
(3) may be less effective than the visual
signal in (1) and are regarded as alternative
means of attracting attention.
c. heading in the direction in which the surface craft
is to be directed.
Repetition of such maneuvers has the same mean-
ing. (Annex 12, Appendix A, 1.1)
8.4.2.2 The following maneuver by an aircraft
means that the assistance of the surface craft to
which the signal is directed is no longer required:
- crossing the wake of the surface craft close astern
at a low altitude and:
a. rocking the wings; or
b. opening and closing the throttle; or
c. changing the propeller pitch.
(Annex 12, Appendix A, 1.2)
NOTE: See Note following 8.4.2.1b.
8.4.3 Ground-Air VIsual Signal Code
8.4.3.1 Symbols shall be at least 2.5m (8')
long and shall be made as conspicuous as possible.
(Annex 12, Appendix A, 2.3)
NOTE:
a. Symbols may be formed by any means such
as: strips of fabric, parachute material, pieces of
wood, stones or such like material; marking the
surface by tramping, or staining with oil, etc.
b. Attention to the signals may be attracted by
other means such as radio, flares, smoke,
reflected light, etc.
8.4.3.2
No.
1
2
3
4
5
Ground-air VIsual Signal Code
For Use By Survivors (Annex
12, Appendix A, 2.1)
MESSAGE CODE SYMBOL
Require assistance v
Require medical
X
assistance
No or Negative N
Yes or Affirmative
y
Proceeding in this
t
direction
8.4.3.3
No.
1
2
,3
4
5
6
7
8.4.3.4
Ground-air Visual Signal Code
ForUse By Rescue Units (Annex
12, Appendix A, 2.2)
MESSAGE CODE SYMBOL
Operation
LLL
completed
We have found all
LL
personnel
We have found only
++
some personnel
We are not able to
continue. Returning XX
to base
Have divided into
two groups. Each
~
proceeding in
direction indicated
Information received
that aircraft is in this
~ ~
direction
Nothing found. Will
NN
continue to search
Air-to-ground Signals
8.4.3.4.1 The following signals by aircraft
mean that the ground signals have been understood:
a. during the hours of daylight:
- by rocking the aircraft's wings;
b. during the hours of darkness:
- flashing on and off twice the aircraft's landing
lights or, if not so equipped, by switching on
and off twice its navigation lights. (Annex 12,
Appendix A. 3. 1)
8.4.3.4.2 Lack of the above signal indicates
that the ground signal is not understood. (Annex 12,
Appendix A, 3.2)
9 IN-FLIGHT FUEL MANAGEMENT
9.1 The pilot-in-command shall advise ATC of
a minimum fuel state by declaring MINIMUM FUEL
when, having committed to land at a specific aero-
drome, the pilot calculates that any change to the
existing clearance to that aerodrome may result in
landing with less than planned final reserve fuel.
NOTE: The declaration of MINIMUM FUEL informs
ATC that all planned aerodrome options have been
reduced to a specific aerodrome of intended landing
and any change to the existing clearance may result
in landing with less than planned final reserve fuel.
This is not an emergency situation but an indication
that an emergency situation is possible should any
additional delay occur.
9.2 The pilot-in-command shall declare a situ-
ation of fuel emergency by broadcasting MAYDAY
MAYDAY MAYDAY FUEL, when the calculated
usable fuel predicted to be available upon landing at
the nearest aerodrome where a safe landing can be
made is less than the planned final reserve fuel.
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INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION (ICAO)
I
I
I
NOTE: This is an emergency and the aircraft shall
be given priority over other traffic in the landing
sequence. The aircraft will be committed to a land-
ing, as in the event of any delay or a go-around, there
may be insufficient fuel renl.aining for a safe landing
9.3 Standard Phraseology
9.3.1 The standard phraseology shall be used
in a MINIMUM FUEL or FUEL EMERGENCY event
is as follows:
Pilot transmission (cis) MINIMUM FUEL
Controller transmission ROGER [NODELAY
EXPECTED or
EXPECT (delay
information)]
Pilot transmission (cis) MAYDAY, MAYDAY,
MAYDAY FUEL
Controller transmission (cis) MAYDAY FUEL
ROGEfl
I NOTE: (cis -Aircraft callsign)
JEPPESEN. 1999. 2012. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

2 JAN 09 EMERGENCY E-21
SPECIAL PROCEDURES FOR IN-FLIGHT CONTINGENCIES EUROPE
I Ref Regional Supplementary Procedures ICAO DOC 7030- EUR
EMERGENCY DESCENT
PROCEDURES
ACTION BY PILOT-IN-COMMAND
1. When an aircraft operated as a controlled
flight experiences sudden decompression or a
(similar) malfunction requiring an emergency
descent, the aircraft shall, if able:
a. Initiate a turn away from the assigned
route or track before commencing the
emergency descent;
b. advise the appropriate air traffic control
unit as soon as possible of the emer-
gency descent;
c. Set transponder Code to 7700 and select
the Emergency Mode on the automatic
dependent surveillance/controller-pilot
data link communications (ADS/CPDLC)
system, if applicable;
d. turn on exterior lights;
e. watch for conflicting traffic both visually
and by reference to ACAS (if equipped),
and
f. coordinate its further intentions with the
appropriate ATC unit.
2. The aircraft shall not descend below the lowest
published minimum altitude which will provide
a minimum vertical clearance of 300m (1 OOOft)
or in designated mountainous terrain 600m
(2000ft) above all obstacles located in the area
specified.
JEPPESEN, 2002, 2009. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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~ J E P P E S E N 2 JAN 09 EMERGENCY E-23
RADIO COMMUNICATION FAILURE PROCEDURES EUROPE
Ref Regional Supplementary Procedures, DOC 7030/4- EUR, Part 1, Rules of the Air, Air Traffic Services
and Search and Rescue,
ACTION IN THE EVENT OF AIR
GROUND COMMUNICATION FAILURE
As soon as it is known that two-way communication
has failed, ATC shall maintain separation between the
aircraft having the communication failure and other
aircraft based on the assumption that the aircraft will
operate in accordance with VMC or IMC.
VISUAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS
A controlled flight experiencing communication failure
in VMC shall:
1. set transponder to Code 7600;
2. continue fly in VMC;
3. land at the nearest suitable aerodrome, and
4. report its arrival time by the most expeditious
means to the appropriate ATS unit.
INSTRUMENT METEOROLOGICAL
CONDITIONS
A controlled flight experiencing communication failure
in I MC, or where it does not appear feasible to con-
tinue in VMC shall:
1. set transponder to code 7600;
2. maintain for a period of 7 minutes the last
assigned speed and level or the minimum flight
altitude, if the minimum flight altitude is higher
than the assigned level. The period of 7 min-
utes commences:
a. if operating on a route without compul-
sory reporting points or if instructions
have been received to omit position
reports:
- at the time the last assigned level or
minimum flight altitude is reached, or
- at the time the transponder is set to
Code 7600, whichever is later, or
b. if operating on a route with compulsory
reporting points and no instruction to omit
position report has been received:
- at the time the last assigned level or
minimum flight altitude is reached, or
-
at the previously reported pilot esti-
mate for the compulsory reporting
point, or
- at the time of a failed position report
over a compulsory reporting point,
whichever is later;
NOTE: The period of 7 minutes is to allow the
necessary air traffic control and coordination
measures.
3. thereafter, adjust level and speed in accor-
dance with the filed flight plan;
NOTE: With regard to changes to level and
speed, the filed flight plan, which is the flight
plan as filed with an ATS unit by the pilot or a
designated representative without any subse-
quent changes, will be used.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
if being radar vectored or proceeding offset
according to RNAV without a specified limit,
proceed in the most direct manner possible to
rejoin the current flight plan route no later than
the next significant point, taking into consider-
ation the applicable minimum flight altitude;
NOTE: With regard to the route to be flown or
the time to begin descend to the arrival aero-
drome, the current flight plan, which is the flight
plan, including changes, if any, brought about
by subsequent clearances, will be used.
proceed according to the current flight plan
route to the appropriate designated navigation
aid serving the destination airport and, when
required to ensure compliance with para 6
below, hold over this aid until commencement
of descent;
commence descent from the navigational aid
specified in para 5 above at, or as close as
possible to, the expected approach time last
received and acknowledged or, if no expected
approach time has been received and acknowl-
edged, at or as close as possible to, the esti-
mated time of arrival resulting in the current
flight plan;
complete a normal instrument approach proce-
dure as specified for the designated navigation
aid, and
land, if possible, within 30 minutes after the esti-
mated time of arrival specified in para 6 above
or the last acknowledged expected approach
time, whichever is later.
NOTE: Pilots are reminded that the aircraft may
not be in an area of secondary surveillance
radar coverage.
JEPPESEN, 2002, 2009. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
-

2 OCT 09 EMERGENCY
I SEARCH AND RESCUE FACILITIES
I EUROPE (NORTHERN PART)
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E-53
SEARCH AND RESCUE FACILITIES
EUROPE (WESTERN PART) -
MEDITERRANEAN REGION
Madrid
-1 Madrid
Cuatro Vientos
Ouargla-'
JEPPESEN. 1996. 2013. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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