CHAPTER 4 ( ALTERNATIVE CENTRES OF POWER)

Q What problems Chinese economy facing ? (challenges) Ans.1.while the Chinese economy has improved dramatically, not everyone in china has received the benefits of the reforms. 2.Unemployment has rises in china with nearly 100 million people looking for jobs. 3.Female employment and conditions of work are as bad as in Europe of 18 th and 19th century. 4.Environmental degradation and corruption have increased besides a rise in economic inequalities between the rural and urban residents and coastal and island provinces. CHINA AND INDIA RELATIONS 1.India and China are oldest civilizations. 2. India and China were greater powers in asia before the advent of western imperialism. 3. For a brief while the slogan of hindi chini bhai bhai was popular . however, military conflict over a border dispute between the two countries marred that hope. 4.Soon after independence, both states were involved in differences arising from the Chinese takeover of Tibet in 1950, and the final settlement of the sino-indian border. 5. China and India were involved in a border conflict in 1962 over competing territorial claims principally in Arunachal Pradesh and in the aksai chin region of ladakh. 6.Diplomatic relations between the two countries were downgraded until 1976. 7. After 1972, it was prepared to put off the settlement of contentious issues while improving relations with India. 8. A series of talks to resolve the border issue were started. 9.Rajiv gandhis visit to china in dec. 1988 provided an impetus for improvement in india- china relations. 10. Both govts. Have taken measures to contain conflict and establish peace in the border. 11.Bilateral trade between India and china has increased from 338$ million in 1992 to more than 18$ billion in 2006. 12. At the global level,india and china have adopted the similar policies in I.N. eco. Institutions like the world trade organization. 13. Indias nuclear tests in 1998 sometimes justified on the grounds of a threat from china did not stop greater interaction.

14. Chinas military relations with Bangladesh and Myanmar were viewed as hostile to Indian interests in south asia however, none of these issues is likely to lead to conflict between two countries. 15. Talks to resolve the boundary dispute have continued without interruption and military to military cooperation is increasing. 16.Indian and Chinese leaders and officials visit Beijing and new delhi with greater frequency.both sides are now becoming more familiar with each other. 17. Increasing transportation and communication links, common eco. Interests and global concerns should help establish a more positive and sound relationship between the two most populous countries of the world..