INGLS BSICO

EDUAR JASPE MEJIA LEYNE MEJIA CABRERA LUCERLYS REYES MRQUEZ

TUTORA: MABEL CELN MOLINA

UNIVERSIDAD DE CARTAGENA CREAD SAN JUAN NEPOMUCENO LICENCIATURA EN INFORMTICA IX SEMESTRE 2013

THE COMPUTER REVOLUTION

Computers are changing our lives We are at the start of a third industrial revolution, and the protagonist of this revolution is the silicon chip. We find silicon chips in many products, but perhaps the computer is the most obvious example. Computers are rapidly changing the world we live in and the way we live. They are creating new jobs and making old jobs unnecessary: offices, banks, farms and factories are all very different from 20 years ago, and the people who work in them have very different jobs. Doctors and scientists use computers to discover more about our bodies and the world around us. Space exploration, genetic engineering, optical fibre technology, scanners, lasers, telecommunications, and many more areas all depend on computers. The armed forces in the USA, Russia and Europe are the worlds biggest users of computers: radar systems, missile control, intelligence surveillance, war games and simulations, and the famous <<Star Wars>> are some examples. Of course, computers are also changing education: what you learn and how you learn are changing as a result of computers.

Computers are getting better all the time The first electronic computers, made in the 1940s, were large, slow, and very expensive, but in the 1960s computers made a giant step forward with the invention of transistors. Transistors used the semi-conductor properties of silicon to provide electronic amplification. The problem with the early computers was that the electricity used in the computers passed along wires and valves, and this caused very high temperatures. Because silicon is a semi-conductor, the problem of very high temperatures was solved, and it was possible to reduce the size and cost of computers, and also to make them work much faster with more information. After transistors came integrated circuits (miniaturized combinations of transistors and other electrical parts) and smaller, cheaper, more powerful computers. Today, a simple microcomputer costing $200 can process more information more quickly

than the famous Harvard Mark I (IBMs first computer, made in 1943) wich was 55 feet long and 8 feet high and cost millions of dollars.

Computers store and process information The basic job of a computer is to process information. The early computers were simple calculators working with numbers, but today, computers can work with many different types of information, not only numbers. The advantage of a computer is that it can store vast quantities of information (imagine all the information contained in 100,000 books put on one plastic disk) and it can find any piece of the information very fast. (Imagine looking at the 100,000 books to find all the information about Barcelona. A computer can do this in a few seconds.) So computers are useful because they can store a lot of information in a small space, and manipulate, or process, the information quickly. Computers are not intelligent yet Bull although they work fast, it is important to remember that computers are not <<intelligent>>. They are only machines that follow instructions. They do not <<understand>> or <<think>>. Scientists are trying to teach computers to think and understand, which is the filed of A.I. or Artificial Intelligence. The have already made computers that can deal with limited environments quite intelligently today, computers can play chess very well, they can make medical diagnoses, and eve make weather forecasts. Some experts think it is only a question of time before computers start thinking like human beings, but others think ir is impossible. What do you think?

TRADUCCIN LA REVOLUCIN DE LOS COMPUTADORES

Los computadores estn cambiando nuestras vidas Estamos en el inicio de una tercera revolucin industrial, y el protagonista de esta revolucin es el chip de silicio. Nos encontramos con los chips de silicio en muchos productos, pero tal vez el computador es el ejemplo ms obvio. Las computadoras estn cambiando rpidamente el mundo en el que vivimos. Ellos estn creando nuevos puestos de trabajos y haciendo viejos trabajos innecesarios: oficinas, bancos, granjas y fbricas son trabajos muy diferentes. Los mdicos y los cientficos utilizan las computadoras para descubrir ms sobre nuestros cuerpos y el mundo que nos rodea. La exploracin espacial, la ingeniera gentica, la tecnologa de fibra ptica, escneres, rayos laser, las telecomunicaciones, y de muchas reas ms dependen de los computadores. Las fuerzas armadas de EE.UU, Rusia y Europa son los mayores usuarios mundiales de equipos: sistemas de radar, el control, la vigilancia de misiles inteligentes, juegos de guerras y simulaciones, y la famosa <<Guerra de las Galaxias>> son algunos ejemplos. Por supuesto, los computadores tambin estn cambiando la educacin: lo que se aprende y cmo se aprende estn cambiando como resultado de las computadoras.

Los computadores estn mejorando todo el tiempo Las primeras computadoras electrnicas, realizadas en la dcada de 1940, eran grandes, lentas y muy costosas, pero en la dcada de 1960 las computadoras dieron un paso gigante con la invencin de los transistores. Los transistores utilizaban las propiedades de semiconductores de silicio para proporcionar la amplificacin electrnica. El problema con las computadoras tempranas era que la electricidad que se utilizaba en los ordenadores pasa a lo largo de los cables y las vlvulas, y esto provoc temperaturas muy altas. Debido a que el silicio es un semiconductor, el problema de las muy altas temperaturas se vio resuelto ya que

era posible reducir el tamao y costo de las computadoras, y tambin para hacer que funcionen mucho ms rpido, con ms informacin. Despus unieron los transistores miniaturizados con circuitos integrados (combinaciones de transistores y otros componentes electrnicos) y eran ms pequeos, ms baratos, ordenadores ms potentes. Hoy en da, un microordenador sencillo cuesta $200, puede procesar ms informacin, ms rpidamente que el famoso Harvad Mark I (IBM, primera computadora, hizo en 1943) el cual era de 55 pies de largo y 8 pies de alto y cost millones de dlares.

Las computadoras almacenan y procesan informacin El trabajo bsico de una computadora es procesar informacin. Las primeras computadoras eran calculadoras simples que trabajan slo con nmeros, pero hoy en da, las computadoras pueden trabajar con muchos tipos diferentes de informacin, no slo con nmeros. La ventaja de un equipo es que puede almacenar grandes cantidades de informacin (imagina toda la informacin contenida en libros de 100.000 puestos en un disco plstico) y se puede encontrar cualquier pieza de la informacin muy rpido. (Imagnese mirando a los 100.000 libros para encontrar toda la informacin sobre Barcelona. Una computadora puede hacer esto en pocos segundos) As que las computadoras son tiles porque pueden almacenar una gran cantidad de informacin en un espacio pequeo, y manipular o procesar la informacin rpidamente. Las computadoras no son inteligentes pero Sin embargo, a pesar de que trabajan con rapidez, es importante, recordar que las computadoras no son inteligentes. Son slo maquinas que siguen instrucciones. Ellos no entienden o piensan. Los cientficos estn tratando de ensear a las computadoras a pensar y entender, lo que es el campo de la IA o Inteligencia Artificial. Los equipos ya han hecho que se puede hacer frente a entornos limitados bastantes inteligentes hoy en da, las computadoras pueden jugar ajedrez muy bien, pueden hacer diagnsticos mdicos, e incluso hacer pronstico

de tiempo. Algunos expertos piensan que es solo una cuestin de tiempo antes de que los ordenadores empiecen a pensar como humanos, pero otros piensan que es imposible. Qu opinas?

A. Questions about the text: 1. Name five ways that computers are changing our lives. Computers are changing our lives in many areas: space exploration, genetic engineering, telecommunications, and war games in education.

2. How do the armed forces of the United States use computers? The armed forces of the United States use computers in radar systems, missile control, intelligence surveillance, war games and simulations.

3. When were the first modern computers made? The first modern computers were made in the 1943 for IBM. 4. What important discovery was made in the 1960s? The important discovery was made in the 1960s with the invention of transistors that used the semi-conductor properties of silicon to provide electronic amplification. 5. How are todays computers different from the first ones? The earlier computers were big, slow and very expensive, but today's computers are smaller, cheaper and more powerful.

6. What does a computer do? The basic jobs of a computer is to process information, too, is useful because they can store a lot of information in a small space, and manipulate or process the information quickly.

7. Can computers think? Computers do not understand or think. They are only machines that follow instructions.

8. What is A.I.? A.I is Artificial Intelligence

9. Name three areas where computers are working intelligently. Computers can play chess very well, they can make medical diagnoses, and even make weather forecasts.

B. Vocabulary study. The environment is the around in which we live. We all need to save our environment. A laser is a device that produces a very special light. The laser is a very useful in modern life. The number is a concept that expresses a quantity relative to your unit. The successor of every number is a number. The scanners are peripherals that transfer an image from a paper or surface and transformed into digital graphics. Silicon chips are semi-conductors. We find silicon chips in many products, but perhaps the computer is the most obvious example.

C. Discussion: What can computers do? In small groups, discuss what a computer can do: At home, computers are mainly used for entertainment, play games, chat, search tasks, being in social networks, and a lower part to bring household finances.

In offices, computers are used for transcription of documents, store and sort information and make the company's accounting work. In banks, computers are used to make transactions in different agencies simultaneously, and to monitor the inputs and outputs of the money.

In factories, computers are used to translate technical product specifications, do advertisements for the same, and the organization of human resources, financial, production and marketing, among others.

At airports, computers are used to arrange flights and costs, and to view information and statements of aircraft, pilots and weather. In schools and universities, computers are used to receive and send papers and also to make them, are also used for processing and printing jobs, and to research on the internet, among other things.

In hospitals, Computers are used to sort the data of patients, diagnoses, and medical history, as well as basic information for doctors, and administrative staff.

In government departments, Computers are used for paying taxes, pending consultation obituaries, information on voting patterns, its territory and its inhabitants.

D. Match the picture. In a bank.

Automatic cashiers are open at any time.

In offices. Computers can count very fast and help people who work with complicated mathematical calculations.

In the armed forces. Radar, missiles, satellite, comunications, and strategy games are all parts of a modern armys resources.

In the home. Microwave-ovens, washing machines and dishwasher all use chip technology.

In a factory One computer can do the work of many men.

In parliament The votes are secret because the computers do the counting.

In a schools People who write letters and keep records save time by using computers.

E. Grammar work Look at the adjectives below. Write the opposite of the adjectives in the spaces: Fast ___________________ Slow Intelligent _______________ Coarse

Expensive _______________ Cheap Unreliable _______________ Reliable Large ___________________ Small Difficult _________________ Easy Boring __________________ Cheerful Full ____________________ Empty Long ___________________ Short Good ___________________ Bad

F. Fill in the blanks Now complete this passage, using one of the adjectives above for each blank.

One advantage of computers is that they can do calculations very quickly, they are very fasts compared to people, who are comparatively slow. Because computers are machines, they are reliable, they dont make mistakes, and also, they dont mind working for long hours on small jobs. The first computers cost a lot of money; they were expensive, and they were very large too, sometimes they occupied a whole room.

G. Tick the sentences below where the verb is in the present tense:

1. Computers were invented a long time ago. 2. I havent got a computer. 3. When did John visit Silicon Valley? 4. Where does Fred buy his game? 5. Nowadays we can watch TV programmes from all over the world. 6. The washing machine has a spin drier incorporated. 7. My friend Jane wanted to learn PASCAL, but she got married. 8. They use PCs for their work at the office.

9. How many disk drives has your computer got? 10. You seen new laser printers?

H. Complete the dialogue by wrinting in the missing questions: 1. Do you have a computer at home?? No I havent got a computer at home, but my father uses one at the office. 2. Does where works your father? He works in a bank. 3. What do you kind of computer have? Hes got a Gradolf P.C. 4. Does how your father often uses the computer? He uses the computer every day. 5. Does what your father do with the computer? Well, he uses it to make calculations and keep records 6. Does like to your father the computers? Yes, he likes computers a lot. He says they are very useful 7. Do why you have not computer? Because theyre very expensive and I havent got any money. 8. Do you how much can cost a computer? It depends, but a P.C., with 2 disk drives and a monitor is about $500.

I. Oral activity: Twenty questions 1. Do you use the voice in your work? 2. Do you need to be in an office to work? 3. Do they pay well at work? 4. Does your socialize with others in your work? 5. Do you use computer while you work? 6. Do you promote any product? 7. Do you work day?

8. Do your is work recognized? 9. Does your work is a social work? 10. Do you need form instructions given to others? 11. Do you need to travel to some places to work? 12. Do you use your hands in your work? 13. Do you use any kind of transportation to work? 14. Do you require uniform at work? 15. Do your life saver at work? 16. Do you teach things in your work? 17. Do you need to have entitlements to your work? 18. Do you help people through your work? 19. Do you expect social security in your job? 20. Do you risk your life? On to fulfill your job?