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This is the preferred and easiest way to enter an exciter! You have to insert regulator (e.g. exciter) and the controlled element (e.g. generator) into the network (single line diagram). Then you have to assign the regulator (e.g. exciter) to the element (e.g. generator). Below is a detailed description of how to add an exciter to a generator. 1. Add an exciter graphically. You have to enter the standard regulator just like any other element in the network. You find the regulator symbol in the Symbol Window -> FACTS/DC/Specials. 2. Add a generator to the network. 3. You may assign an exciter to a generator in the dialog below with the button . 4. If the exciter is not yet in the network you may add and edit the exciter directly in the synchronous machine dialog. The exciter will then not appear on the single line diagram. You may also add the exciter first graphically (see above).
Fig. 16.1 Generator dialog: Assign a predefined NEPLAN standard exciter to the generator
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Once again: if a predefined type is available you should use this standard type. These predefined NEPLAN regulator types are optimized for the NEPLAN simulator.
3. 4. 5. 6.
A CCT dialog appears. Enter a name for this CCT. Press the OK button. A new diagram will be created. You may now insert your CCT with function blocks. The functions block may be accessed wit menu item Insert. 7. You may access the function block diagram directly through the popupmenu by clicking the right mouse button on the CCT element. 8. Remark: The Select CCT Type radio button and the Add CCT Type from Library to Project button should not be used anymore. For compatibility reasons to earlier NEPLAN versions they are still in the dialog. If you have many CCT with same structure and different parameters in your network you should instead consider to make a MATLAB modeled CCT.
Fig. 16.3 Insert CCT symbol and create diagram for CCT
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Fig. 16.4 Create a CCT with the NEPLAN function block editor
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Fig. 16.5 Accessing the CCT diagram directly with the popup-menu (right mouse button)
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This is not the preferred option to enter standard regulators like IEEE exciters. The CCT library may help if you have to enter a new CCT which is not in the standard library and therefore you have to define your own regulator. If you have to use the structure of this user defined CCT many times in your networks (e.g. an exciter structure which is used for many generators) you should build up this regulator model with our NEPLAN component modeling tool in MATLAB and generate a user defined DLL model. It is easier to add the regulators in NEPLAN and the overall performance in NEPLAN is better. Generating a CCT with function blocks is the preferred option, if that CCT is used only a few times (about 1-5 times) within the network.
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Fig. 16.7 Insert regulator symbol and insert user defined created C++ model (DLL File)
2. In the Port Selection tab you may know define the input and output signals (variables). You need to select a variable with the Port Selection button. 3. In the Port/Signal Selection list you should define which ports/signals are input or output pins. You may also define a pin name, which will be displayed on the single line diagram. Very important is to know if the signal will be used in SI units or in per unit. If the signal will be used in per unit, is very important to know in which per unit system the signal will be used. Normally P, Q and I are used in the system per unit system (with 100 MVA as base system). When defining regulators for elements (e.g. exciters) then the corresponding element per unit system (with rated power of the element as base) will be used within the regulator. If you define a master controller with P, Q, I as input, then the system per unit system should be used. Therefore NEPLAN provides the possibility to convert the signal to the corresponding per unit system. 4. After you have defined the input/outputs of the element you may connect the Signal Block elements with links, like any other element. In the example below there is a Signal Block for the DFIG which connects its output variables (P and Q) to the input of the PWM controller. The voltage of the DC node is input to the second PWM controller.
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Fig. 16.9 Defining ports/signals of the CCT and Signal Block element
Enter predefined standard regulators from a CCT and Signal Block element
Instead of entering a predefined standard regulator (defined in the Symbol Window) and then enter a CCT and Signal Block element to make the connections between the regulators it is possible to add and define the predefined standard regulator directly in the CCT and Signal Block element. This makes only sense if you need to make external connections to other regulators/elements. Otherwise you should select and enter the regulator as described above from the Symbol Window. 1. Insert a CCT and Signal Block from the menu item Insert. 2. In the Model Definition you may add a predefined regulator or turbine. After the selection of the regulator you must close the dialog. 3. Now re-open the dialog again. Then a new tab should be available for defining the regulator or turbine data.
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4. Now you may also define the signals (input/output ports) which will be connected to other regulators/elements.
Fig. 16.10 Defining a standard regulator in the CCT and Signal Block element
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Fig. 16.11 CCT and Signal Block dialog with added standard regulator
Entering a user defined CCT with function blocks in a CCT and Signal Block element
If you need a CCT which was build up with function blocks more than once (same CCT structure only with different parameters), then you would need to make another diagram with the same CCT and change the parameters of the function blocks accordingly. To avoid making several diagrams with same CCT (with only different function block parameters) you may make use of the CCT and Signal Block element. The CCT and Signal Block element allows you using the same CCT with block diagrams several times and the CCT diagram has to be building up only once. 1. Insert a CCT element and create a new diagram. In this diagram you may now design your CCT with function blocks (see above Entering a CCT with Function Blocks. 2. If you need to have the same CCT again for another element, then insert a CCT and Signal Block from the Insert menu (see above). 3. In the Model Definition you may select this CCT. After the selection of the regulator you must close the dialog. 4. Now re-open the dialog again. Then a new tab CCT Block-Model should be available for defining the parameters of the function blocks of the CCT. 5. With double click you may change the parameters of the function blocks.
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6. Do not forget to assign the new input/outputs of the input, output and network source function blocks.
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Fig. 16.14 Defining the function block parameters in a CCT and Signal Block element
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Defining disturbances
Disturbances have to be defined. You normally need to define one or several disturbances (e.g. a short circuit on a busbar) and the times at which the disturbances happen. A disturbance is defined as a change in the parameter of a component model. NEPLAN allows you to change any parameter of all element and regulator models. This gives the user the highest possible freedom for defining any possible disturbance. To help the user defining standard disturbances (e.g. a 3-phase fault), there are some predefined disturbances included in NEPLAN. With the button Add Standard Disturbances the parameters of the models which should be changed for this standard disturbance will be automatically added to the parameter list. In case of a 3-phase fault it is R
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and X of the fault and the duration of the fault. The fault will be treated internally like an element. It may be connected at certain time and disconnected after the fault clearing time. With the General Fault Element any type of short circuit may be defined (see below).
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Fig. 16.21 Screen plots: run time plot wind turbines (blade angles and power in pu)
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