What cells comprise the ventricular lining?

What cells on the inner surface of the ependymal layer produce CSF?

ependymal cells (active cells with numerous mitochondria)

cells of the choroid plexus

How many ml of CSF are produced per hour? Where does the CSF drain? What and where are the lateral ventricles?

30 ml

into the venous system through the superior sagittal sinus

Curved structures found in the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes of the cerebrum. One lateral ventricle on each side of the cerebrum

What are the lateral ventricles body, anterior horn, posterior divided into? horn, inferior horn
How are the anterior horn and body of the 2 lateral ventricles separated? How are the posterior horns of the 2 lateral ventricles separated? What nucleus is found on the lateral aspect of the lateral ventricle?

septum pallucidum and fornix corpus callosum

caudate nucleus
found in the temporal lobe and is bordered laterally by the caudate nucleus, medially by the hippocampus and/or amygdala

What is bordered by the tail of the lateral ventricle?

How are the lateral ventricles connected to the third ventricle?

Foramen of Monroe

What is the third ventricle surrounded by? What is found at the floor of the third ventricle? What connects the third ventricle and fourth ventricle? Why is the cerebral aqueduct prone to occlusion? How is the cerebral aqueduct occluded? What surrounds the aqueduct? Where does the fourth ventricle sit? What is found on the apical surface of ependymal cells? How are ependymal cells anchored to each other?

thalamus and hypothalamus optic chiasm and hypophyseal stalk cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of sylvius)
It runs through the mesencephalon and is extremely narrow (1.5 mm) diameter debris in the ventricular fluid, tumor, infection, blood or fluid compressing the external aspect of the aqueduct

periaqueductal gray
posterior aspect of the pons and medulla of the brainstem. Surrounded on three sides by the cerebellum

cilia and microvilli network of zonular adherentes (desmosomes)

What are specialized ependymal cells that transport substances?

tanacytes are specialized ependymal cells that transport substances between the ventricles and blood

What do choroid cells contain? What is CSF? What happens to CSF in bacterial meningitis? What happens to CSF in multiple sclerosis?
How many ml of CSF are there normally in the ventricles, cisterns, and subarachnoid space?

numerous mitochondria, RER, Golgi

clear, colorless fluid with little protein, lower pH, higher sodium, chloride, magnesium content. Lower content of glucose, potassium, calcium, bicarbonate, amino acids

there may be anywhere from 1,000 to 10,000 neutrophils per ml of CSF

changes in the amount of IgG in the CSF 150 ml 450-700 ml per day or .2-.7 ml per minute
constant drainage is needed to avoid enlargement of the ventricles. Disruption of this drainage can occur because of blockage of a portion of the pathway of the CSF flow. Most often occurs at the cerebral aqueduct.

What is the rate of production of CSF? What is hydrocephalus? CSF produced in the lateral ventricles travels where? CSF in the fourth ventricle travels where?

into the third ventricle via the foramina of Monro then into the fourth ventricle via the cerebral aqueduct subarachnoid space via the foramen of Magendie (medial) and foramen of Lushka (lateral)

What are the cisterna magna and pontine cistern? How is the subarachnoid space CSF emptied? What does hydrocephalus look like on MRI?
What is a ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement?

enlargements of the subarachnoid space that surround the brain and are in turn surrounded by the skull empties into the venous system by traveling into the superior sagittal sinus via the arachnoid granulations very large enlargement of the lateral ventricle (unlike Alzheimers which is a slight enlargement at inferior aspect) drains CSF from the lateral ventricles into the abdominal cavity to prevent hydrocephalus
spina bifida is a compression of the spinal cord and all membranes around it. Still producing same amount of CSF that will not get to the sinus to drain (ventricles will enlarge and cause mental impairment)

Why does spina bifida usually have hydrocephalus?