EXPERIMENT 1: BENDING TEST OF A FOUR POINT LOAD OBJECTIVE: To determine the value of Modulus of Elasticity of a steel beam using

Bending Stress Formula. THEORY: If a beam is loaded to a four point system loading, the beam between the two supports would have a fixed bending moment, M=Wa

W W

a L/2 L/2

Bending moment diagram This part of beam will also have a radius of curvature of R, R= Where s=deflection

From the Bending Moment Stress Formula

Where I = moment of inertia E = Modulus of Elasticity (Young Modulus) Hence, E=

APPARATUS : 2 supports Load hangers Load/weights Sample of beam Sample of beam A Dial gauge Vanier scale Stirrups Links

PROCCEDURE: 1. the dimension of the steel beam was obtained using the Vanier scale Width of beam, b =250 mm Depth of beam, d=50 mm 2. The supports were fixed as shown in the diagram.

a L/2

L/2

3. The beam sample was placed on the supports by ensuring the beam sample has an overhang of a=250 mm at both ends. Also the span distance was set between the supports, L=1000 mm

4. The hangers were slide with the stirrups through the beam and position them as shown. A dial gauge was fixed at the middle between two supports to measure the deflection at the spot.

5. The load was added at a range of 10N beginning from 0N. Increase the loading until the deflection reaches or beyond 4 mm

Load 0 10 20 W(N) Deflection 0 0.16 0.53 s(mm)

30

40

50

60

70 2.33

80 2.68

90

100

110 3.79

120 4.11

130 4.51

0.86 1.25

1.6 1.97

3.06 3.40

6. a graph of Load, W (N) against Deflection, s(mm) was plotted . CALCULATION:

Slope of graph = Moment of Inertia of beam,

N/mm =b /12 = m

Modulus of Elasticity of beam,

Where W/s = slope of graph

Slope =

W/s

= 28.824

I steel =

=
= 2.604
E steel =

= 28.824 = 276.728 N/mm2

DISCUSSION The standard value of modulus of elasticity of steel obtained from literatures E steel = 200 N/

Is value of modulus of elasticity different from the value deduced from the experiment? If there is any different, explain this difference may happen. As from the result standard E steel is 200N/mm2 and the experiment result is 276.728 N/mm2 so the difference between that around 76.728 N/mm2 occurs due from error in measurement. From this result experiment is any result measurement made with a measuring device is approximate. From this factor may cause the systematic error and random error conduct by zero error readings, and parallax error. As result to making accuracy in measurement we have to able to looking correctly when observe.

CONCLUSION For the conclusion the value of Modulus Of Elasticity of a steel beam using Bending Stress Formula is suitable to use while experiment process is assume. To make sure the E steel experiment and E steel theory is do not have difference between that the reading don not have mistaken.