Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Figure 2.1
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Henri Fayol
French engineer and industrialist first to identify the major functions of management
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Behavioral viewpoint
emphasized the importance of understanding human behavior and of motivating employees toward achievement
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Theory Y
represents an optimistic, positive view of workers Workers are considered capable of accepting responsibility, self-direction, self control and being creative
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Behavioral science
relies on scientific research for developing theories about human behavior that can be used to provide practical tools for managers
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Quantitative management
application to management of quantitative techniques, such as statistics and computer simulations Management science, operations management
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Management science
Stresses the use of rational, science-based techniques and mathematical models to improve decision making and strategic planning
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Figure 2.2
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Contingency Viewpoint
Contingency viewpoint
emphasizes that a managers approach should vary according to the individual and the environmental situation Most practical because it addresses problems on a case-by-case basis
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