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Demand for Using Drugstore and Factors Impact Purchasing Decision for Drugs or Products from Drugstores According to Principle of Drugstore Standards from Pharmacy Council: Case Study in Prachanivet 3 Village, Nonthaburi, Thailand
Navakan Navanuch*

Abstract
Demand for using drugstore and factors impact purchasing decision for drugs and products from drugstore according to principle of drugstore standards from pharmacy council among families living in Prachanivet 3, Tha Sai Sub district, Muang Nonthaburi District; Nonthaburi Province. Population in this study is all living in Prachanivet 3 village. Sample size of this survey is 200 households and the sample of this survey is convenient sampling. The totals of 200 questionnaires are conducted only 1 member of the family allows answering 1 questionnaire. The hypothesis test for each variables: Income per household, right to medical care and person impacted purchasing decision for drugs/products, these variables analyze by Oneway-Anova to test the different in each variables and to analyze the difference between the averages of variable (LSD : Least Significant Difference). The significant level is not exceed 0.05. The discovery of the study is as follows: 1) General Information: Majority of the Population are females at ages from 30-39, undergraduate level, with occupation of private sector employees. Those household incomes are around less than 20,000 baht. They have the rights of Social Security Fund. 2) Founded information in use of drugstore services: The reasons in purchase for drug/product from drugstore are about the conveniences including time saving. They use the way of purchase by telling the conditions to the sellers for their sets of medicine. The frequency of the purchase has been discovered at 1-2 times/month during the past month at around less than 300 baht/time. The most influenced person on purchasing decision for drug/product is a pharmacist. 3) The significant level following to five drugstore standards defined by the Pharmacy Council: For overall picture, it is at the high level (very important), whereas for an individual item of the standards, it is also at the high level (very important). 4) The impact upon the purchasing decision to drug/product from the modern type drugstore: It has been proved following to the hypothesis that the purchasing decision has been varied by household income, medical benefits and privileges, and influenced persons , and the five drugstore standards defined by the Pharmacy Council. The detailed
*

Masters Student, Master of Science in Health Economics and Health Care Management Program, Chulalongkorn University; E-mail: navanuch10@hotmail.com

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study is as follows: 1) Different household income has impact on different purchasing decision for drug/product from the Modern Type Drugstores following to the Drugstore Standards both at overall standard items and at individual item. 2) Different medical benefits/privileges have impact on different purchase decision for drug/product from the Modern Type Drugstores following to the Drugstore Standards both at overall standard items and at individual item. 3) Different influenced persons have impact on different purchasing decision for drug/product from the Modern Type Drugstores following to the Drugstore Standards both at overall standard items and at individual item. Key Word: Drugstore, Purchasing Decision, Impact

Introduction
Nowadays, Human Beings have more risks in their sickness than before. People in crowded cities where there are the high degree of pollution are likely to be unhealthy. Moreover, the speedy way of living amidst time constraint leads to less taking care of their health with unavoidable consequence of some sickness. It is necessary to treat and alleviate their disease conditions. If slightly conditions, they need only common illness by themselves, not at a hospital. As a result, the Drugstore Business has been increased. The drugstore is a private medical service place closest to the consumers due to its convenience and time saving. In addition, the drugstore can be a place where people can get advices for their health care. Presently, the drugstore business is quite highly competitive because of the view on good profit of this type of business. The continuous improvement of this business has been defined to serve the needs of the new generation consumers way of life, and its business survival in the future similar to other types of business. We can see the improvement from drugstore window displays and decoration, and the services from knowledgeable pharmacists. The consumers need the right information for their purchase decision. Apart from selling drugs, the drugstores sell health and beauty products, other types of goods, e.g. supplements and related products, medical equipments and other consuming products including cosmetics. The researchers are interested in study of consumer points of view in purchase decision of products from the modern plan drugstores among population in Prachanivet 3, Tha Sai Sub district, Nonthaburi City District, Nonthaburi Province. This follows the concept of quality drugstore for the benefits of its entrepreneurs who realize the improvement way for the quality drugstore, and for the better quality of life of those consumers.

Research Objectives
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1. To study the basic information in demand for using drugstore among the population in Prachanivet 3, Tha Sai Sub district, Nonthaburi City District, Nonthaburi Province. 2. To study the level of significance information which impact on purchasing decision of drug/product from drugstores among the population in Prachanivet 3, Tha Sai Sub district, Nonthaburi District, Nonthaburi Province, following to the standard of drugstore defined by the Pharmacy council.

Research Method
The study of demand for using drugstore and factors impact purchasing decision for drugs and products from drugstores according to principle of drugstore standards from pharmacy council among familes living in Prachanivet 3, Tha Sai Sub district, Nonthaburi, Thailand. It is a survey research using questionnaires as follows: 1. Population and Sample 2. Research tools 3. Quality monitoring tools 4. Data collecting 5. Data analysis and Statistical Population and Sampling Population in this study is all living in Prachanivet 3 village. Sample size of this survey is 200 households and the sample of this survey is convenient sampling. The totals of 200 questionnaires are conducted only 1 member of the family allows answering 1 questionnaire. Research tools The tool of this research is questionnaire which consists of 3 parts: Part One: Personal information: Check lists of age, gender, education, occupation, household income and right to medical care. Part Two: Question about basic information about the use of drugstore using check lists questions : the reason of purchasing drugs/products from drugstore, how do you purchase, frequency of using drugstore for the past 1 month, money spend on drugs/products in drugstore for the last 1 month and person impacted the decision of purchasing drugs/products. Part Three: Question about significant of purchasing drugs/products from drugstore in Prachanivet 3 village, Thasai sub district, Muang district, Nonthaburi province according to principle of drugstore standards from pharmacy council. The question is classified as rating scale which line between 1-5 where: 5 means Absolutely important 4 means Very important 3 means Important

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2 means Maybe important 1 means Not important Quality monitoring tool 1. Content validity of research, this research is conducted under concept, theories and other research related to consumer behavior and drugstore standard of pharmacist council (5 standards). This information is verified and checked for the correction of the information to make sure the data in this research is accurate. 2. Reliability, the researcher used questionnaire to 30 people as a try out to check the reliability coefficient alpha by using Cronbach - coefficient method. The alpha = 0.75 Data Collecting The researcher and assistants collect the data by ourselves by explaining objectives of this research to each individual who were voluntary respondents Data analysis The data in Code form is computed in computer using Statistical package of social science (SPSS) for windows .Analyzed by using analysis of the percentage, mean and standard deviation. The hypothesis test for each variables: Income per household, right to medical care and person impacted purchasing decision for drugs/products, these variables analyze by Oneway-Anova to test the different in each variables and to analyze the difference between the averages of variable (LSD : Least Significant Difference). The significant level is not exceed 0.05

The Research Results

Part 1 Demography of families in Prachanivet 3, Tha Sai Sub district, Muang Nonthaburi District, Nonthaburi Province. The majority of population are females at 67 %, ages from 30-39 at 28.5%, education of undergraduate level at 46.5%, private sectors employees at 56.5%, monthly family income lower than 20,000 baht at 39.5%, and medical privilege of Social Security Fund at 42%. Part 2 Founded information of Drugstore Services among families in Prachanivet 3, Tha Sai Sub district, Muang District, Nonthaburi Province. The main reasons for purchase of drug/product from the Drugstores are that of convenience and time saving at 50.5%, the way of purchase by telling the conditions to the sellers for their sets of medicine at 51.5%, the frequency of drug/product purchase around 1-2 times during the past month at 72%, the expense of those purchase lower than 300 baht during the past month at 59.5 %, and Pharmacist as the influenced persons for the purchase decision at 69.5%

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Part 3 The significant level following to five standards defined by the Pharmacy Council for purchasing decision for drug/product from the Drugstores of families in Prachanivet 3, Tha Sai Sub district, Muang Nonthaburi District, Nonthaburi Province. Those five items of standard consist of 1st standard about place, equipment, and other service support, 2nd standard about quality management, 3rd standard about good pharmaceutical services, 4th standard about compliance with rules, regulations and ethics, and 5th standard about services and participation in communities and society. It has been discovered that the significant level of all items are at high score or in other word is very important mean = 4.22, where as the significant level of individual item is also very important (high score) with sequencing as follows; 4th standard mean= 4.34, 2nd standard mean = 4.24, 1st standard mean = 4.21, 3rd standard mean = 4.18 and 5th standard mean = 4.16. Part 4 Analysis to compare the purchasing decision for drug/products from drugstores among families in Prachanivet 3, Tha Sai Sub District, Muang Nonthaburi District, Nonthaburi Province with the variables, monthly family income, medical benefits and privileges, and influenced persons for the purchase decision. 1. The comparison of the purchasing decision for drug/product from the drugstores along with the five standards defined by the Pharmacy Council among families in Prachanivet 3, Tha Sai Sub District, Muang Nonthaburi District, Nonthaburi Province has discovered that the different household income has been related to the different purchasing decision for drug/product from standard drugstores at overall aspects. Upon considerations in each aspect of the standards, each standard item is different based on different household income as well. 2. The comparison of the purchasing decision for drugs/products from the Modern Type Drugstores along with the five standards defined by the Pharmacy Council among families in Prachanivet 3, Tha Sai Sub District, Muang Nonthaburi District, Nonthaburi Province has discovered that the different right to medical care have been related to the different purchasing decision for drugs/products from standard drugstores at overall aspects. Upon considerations in each aspect of the standards, each standard item is different based on different right to medical care as well. 3. The comparison of the purchasing decision of products from the Modern Type Drugstores along with the five standards defined by the Pharmacy Council among families in Prachanivet 3, Tha Sai Sub District, Muang Nonthaburi District, Nonthaburi Province has discovered that the different influenced persons for purchase of drugs/products from the drugstores have been related to the different purchase decision for drugs/products from standard drugstores at overall aspects. Upon considerations in each aspect of the standards, each standard item is different based on different influenced person, except the 3rd standard good pharmaceutical services which no any difference.

Discussion of the results

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According to the study results, the purchasing decision for drugs/products from drugstore according to principle of standard drugstores from Pharmacy Council among families in Prachanivet 3, Tha Sai Sub District, Muang Nonthaburi District, and Nonthaburi Province can be addressed for the discussion as followings: At overall aspects, the significant level of the five standards defined by the Pharmacy Council is at the high level (very important). Upon considerations of each aspect, it is also at the high level. The study results have been in the same direction with the research of Apiyani Phayaphichai (2553, p. 80) which had studied about the perception of the consumers towards the certified quality drugstores, Boots. She discovered that the overall perception at of the consumers at a high level towards the certified quality drugstores, Boots. The result has demonstrated that the consumers have much knowledge and understanding about the certified quality drugstore, Boots. 1. The significant level of the 1st standard place, equipment, and other service support: Upon considerations at each aspect, clean place, appropriate lighting, and good ventilation, the significance is at the highest level. The study results are in the same direction with the research of Somprasong Taengploy (2553, p.179) Medicine Purchase Behavior from the drugstores of the consumers in Prapadaeng District, Samutprakarn Province. It also discovered that at overall picture, the place has been at the high significant level on the medicine purchase of the consumers in Prapadaeng District, Samutprakarn Province. Upon considerations of each aspect, the environment around the drugstores and the travel convenience to the drugstores are at the high level. 2. The significant level of the 2nd standard - quality management: Upon considerations at each aspect, the human relation competency and skill of the pharmacists are at the highest level. This complies with the research of Parinda Tositarat (2553) which is about the pharmacists on operations following to the Standard Regulations of Drugstores, the 2nd standard. It has been addressed that Any who are on operations must be the professional licensed pharmacists in Muang Chiangmai District, and can make differences between the quality and general drugstores seen by those customers who get the services. People can have more recognition and see the importance of roles and responsibilities of pharmacists. Their customers of the quality drugstores can be confident in the quality of the medicines they purchase and able to get the explanation how to use and keep those medicine, along with the general guidance of health from the pharmacists. 3. The significant level of the 3rd standard good pharmaceutical services: Upon considerations at each aspect, the medicine keep to maintain its effectiveness is at the highest level. This complies with the research of Laksika Sitthikhankeo (2555, p. 61), The study of the perception on the quality of drugstore services, Fasino, Chaingmai Province. Following to the 3rd standard good pharmaceutical services, the customers recognize and confident in the services that they can use the medicine safely. This complies with the objectives of the Standard for the quality drugstores. Any who are on operations

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can provide the quality pharmaceutical services based on the basic professional pharmaceutical standard and make the customers beyond their expectations. 4. The significant level of the 4th standard Rules, Regulations, and Ethics: Upon considerations at each aspect, the out of the suspended period of any related licenses is at the high level. This complies with the research of Sirimas Chantawongse, and Kettawa Boonprakarn (2555) which had studied about the decision to select Songkla Nakarin University Drugstore. She has commented that because the drugstores as easy accessible places. The government must set up the mechanism in supervision of those drugstores. The government units, the Food and Drugs Administration, and the Pharmacy Council have roles and responsibilities in monitoring professional ethics. Consequently, the assurance for the customers can be provided. 5. The significant of the 5th standard - standard about services, and participation in communities and society: Upon considerations at each aspect, participation in Anti - Narcotics Campaign is at the highest level. It complies with the research of Sasithorn Sikhao (2554, p.199) The attitude of the Drugstore Businessmen in Pathum Thani Province towards the quality drugstore. It has been disco vered that the majority of the drugstore owners who know the rules and regulations of Drugstores provide the services on the information and guidance on medicine, toxicants, and narcotics including the anti-narcotics campaign. Also, those cooperate with the government offices in providing any information or traces of the Narcotics. Research hypothesis as followings: 1. The different household income related to the different purchasing decision for drugs/products s from drugstores along with the five standards defined by the Pharmacy Council. Each family with household income lower than 20,000 baht made the purchasing decision at lower level than the families with household income 60,001-70,000 baht, higher than 70,000 baht and with household income 20,00140,000 baht. This complies with the research of Laksika Siithikhankeo (2555, p.62) The study of the perception on the quality of drugstore services, Fasino, Chaingmai Province. She discovered that the different average monthly income related to the different perception of the quality level of a drugstore, Fasino, Chaingmai Province. Any who have monthly income around 25,001-35,000 baht differently perceive the level of quality of drugstore services, Fasino, Chiangmai from any who have monthly income lower than 5,000 baht from 5,000 15,000 baht, and from 15,001-25,000 baht. 2. The different right to medical care related to the purchasing decision for drugs/products from the drugstores according to principle of drugstore standard from Pharmacy Councils. Each family with SSF made the purchasing decision for drugs/products from the drugstores lower than families with government officer medical benefits. Meanwhile, each family with government officer medical benefits made the purchasing decision for drugs/products from the drugstores higher than the families with universal coverage medical benefits, and self-payment. This complies with the research of Jaruwan

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Tuangsirisap (2553, p.35), The satisfaction survey among customers of a drugstore in Muang Distric t, Kalasin Province. Upon the comparison of the different medical benefits, it has been discovered that SSF medical benefits are at higher score than 30 golden card benefit, and government/state enterprise medical benefits 3. The influenced persons towards the level of purchasing decision for drugs/products from the drugstores according to principle of drugstore standards from Pharmacy Council Pharmacists have influences on the level of purchasing decision for drugs/products from the drugstores more than the drugstore owners and advertising media. This compiles with the research of Apiyani Phayaphichai (2553, p.74) which had studied about the perception of the consumers towards the certified quality drugstores, Boots. For the aspect of drugstores pharmacist, in general, the persons who answer the questionnaires quite much perceived the marketing communication of Boots about their pharmacists. Upon each item consideration, the questionnaire respondent realized at highest scores on their self-benefits using services from the drugstores where there are the pharmacists.

References
Ministry of health. 2007. What is quality drugstore [Online]. (n.d.). Available from: http://www.newsser.fda.moph.go.th/advancepharmacy [2013,.March 5] Pharmacy Council. 2002.Quality drugstore and guideline to improve[Online]. (n.d.). Available from: http://www.pharmacycouncil.org [2013,.March 5] Phayapichai Apiyanee . 2010. Customers Perception in Standard Accreditation of Boots -Quality Drugstore. Master project., M.B.A. (Pharmacy Organization Management).Bangkok: Graduate school, Srinakharinwirot University. Sattikunkaew Laksika. 2012. The study of customers perception in service quality : a case study of Fascino Drugstore in Chiangmai province. Master of Business Administration. Mae Fah Luang University. Seekhao, Sasithorn. 2011. Attitudes of Drugstore Entrepreneurs in Pathumthani Province Towards the Accreditation of Drugstore Standard. 1996. Master of Business Administration. Chiang Mai University. Serirat, Siriwan .Consumer Behavior. Bangkok: Thaiwatthanaphanich. Tangploy, Somprasong. 2010. Drug Buying Behavior for the Drug Stores Among Consumers in Phrapradaeng District, Samutprakarn . Masters Project, M.B.A. (Management). Srinakharinwirot University.

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Tositarat, Parinda. 2009. Development Process of Quality Pharmacies Enrolling in the Community Pharmacy Development and Accreditation Project in Muang Chiang Mai District. Master of Business Administration. Chiang Mai University. Tuangsirisap, Jaruwan. 2010. The server of customer Satisfaction towards drug store in Muang district, Kalasin province. Master of science in Aesthetic Sciences and Health. Khon Kaen University.

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