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(2)EkdifiHwnfarmfuGef;jzpfonf?
(3) tjcm;aomOya'rsm;. tajccHvrf;nGef rdKif}uD;jzpfonf?
(4) EdkifiHawmf. a=u;rHkjyifjzpfonf
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ta=umif;t&mtcsdK@udkt enf;i,f aumufE_wfaqG;aEG;wifjyvdkygonf?
tcsKyftjcmtm%m (Sovereign Power) [laompum;&yfwGif Sovereign [laompum;&yf onf
qlyJ&m;Ekpf (Superanus) uqif;oufcJhonf[kqdkavonf? tcsKyftjcmtm%mESihfywfoufI jyif
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aom(1) bif*smrifuGef;pwifh (Benjamin Constant)
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&v#if tcsKyftjcmtm%mudkt=uGif;rJhrusihfoHk;ap&ef jynfolwdk@.qENjzifh wm;qD;&efESifh tpdk;&w
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(2) jyifopfOya'ynm&Sif bdk'if (Bodin)
tcsKyftjcmtm%m[lonf EdkifiHwEdkifiHtwGif; tuef@towfr&Sdaom tjrifhqHk;tm%m jzpfonf?
(3) Oya'tawG;tac: ynm&Sif *|efatmfpwif (John Austin)
tcsKyftjcmtm%mqdkonfrSm r&Sdv#ifrjzpfaom tm%mjzpfonf? ,if;tcsKyftjcmtm
%mudk ydkif;jcm;Ir&ouJhodk@ uef@owfIvnf;r&aom tm%mjzpfonf?

(4) qdkAD,uf Oya'ynm&Sif V.V Yevgenyer

tcsKyftjcmtm%mqdkonfrSm tjcm;EdkifiHrsm;. tcGifhta&;rsm;udkjzpfap/ tjynfjynfqdkif
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[k ponfjzifhtoD;oD; azmfxkwfwifjycJh=uayonf? Todk@aom zGihfqdkawG;ac:r_wdk@jzifh 16 &mpkESifh 17
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tjcmtm%mudk EdkifiHawmftm%mydkif;jcm;xm;jcif;qdkif&mrlrsm;azmfxkwfv#uf ,if; 18 &mpktukef 19 &mpk
rSpI EdkifiHawmftm%mydkif;jcm;xm;jcif;qdkif&m oDtdk&Dw&yfukd tcsdK@aomurBmhEdkifiHrsm;wGif vufcHusifhokH;cJh
=uavonf? EdkifiHawmftm%mydkif;jcm;xm;jcif;qdkif&m oDtdk&DqdkonfrSmvnf; EdkifiHawmf.tcsKyftjcmtm
%m[kqdktyfaom ,ae@trsm;pkvufcHxm;=uonfh Oya'jyKa&;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;/ w&m;pD&ifa&; ponfhtcef;
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ydkif;jcm;usifhoHk;jcif;yifjzpfonf?
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(Montesquieu) utu,fI Oya'jyKr_tm%mESifh tkyfcsKyfa&;tm%mwdk@wGif vlwa,muf (odk@r[kwf) vlwpkwnf;
.vuf0,fwGifxm;&Sdygu vGwfvyfr_&Sdrnfr[kwf? xdkodk@jyKvkyfygu tm%m&&Sdxm;aom tkyfcsKyfolwOD;w
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Oya'ya'yoljzpfoGm;+yD;
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jynfolrsm;cH&ayrnf?
wzef
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tm%mrsm;udk ydkif;jcm;xm;jcif;r&Sdygu t&m&mwGif;tqHk;odk@a&muf+yD;[k rSwf,lq&ayrnf?
Montesquieu:
If the executive and the legislative are the same person or body of persons, there
must be danger of the legislative enacting opporessive laws which the executive will
administer to the attain its ends; If the one body or person could exercise both executive
and judicial powers in the same mater, he could have arbitrary power which would
amount to complete tyranny, If legislative power were added to the single power of that
person or body.

[kEdkifiHawmftm%mudk ydkif;jcm;xm;jcif;qdkif&m oDtkd&Doabmw&m;udk yxrqHk;jywfom;pGm zGifhqdk

a&;om;azmfxkwfcJhayonf?

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onf?
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tcef;uwGif tpOfwpdkufyg0ifaernfomjzpfayonf? if;tjyif EdkifiHawmf. tcsKyftjcmtm%mjzpfaom
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r_rsm;aom tm%m&SiftkyfcsKyfa&;pepfqDokd@om ajymif;vJOD;wnfoGm;rnfomjzpfygonf?
Oyrm jrefrmEdkifiHwGif jynfaxmifpkqdk&S,fvpforwWEdkifiH[laom acgif;pOfatmufwGif rqvygwD.
trmcHrsm;a&;qGJcJhaom 1974 ckESpfzGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'Yyifv#ifyk'fr (28)?
?
EdkifiHawmfudkzGJ@pnf;wnfaqmuf&mwGif
udk,fwdkifpDrHaqmif&Gufonfh pepfudkusifhoHk;onf?

A[dkuOD;pD;OD;aqmifjyKI

a'otvdkuf

yk'fr (33)?
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A[dkESifha'oqdkif&mtm%mydkif
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vrf;n$efjcif;/
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yk'fr (49)?
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ta0;ac:,lusif;yay;&rnf?
4

yk'fr (64)?
? jynfol@v$wfawmfonf EdkifiHawmfaumifpDudk jynfolv$wfawmfukd,fpm; vS,frsm;xJrS
atmufygyk*~dKvfrsm;jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajrmuf zGJ@pnf;&rnf (*)0ef}uD;csKyf?
yk'fr (66)?

? EdkifiHawmfaumifpD OuUXonf EdkifiHawmforRwjzpfonf?

yk'fr (68)?

? EdkifiHawmforRwonf EdkifiHawmfudk udk,fpm;yonf?

yk'fr (81)?
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aqmif&GufEdkfifonf?
yk'fr (95) (u)? ? jynfol@ v$wfawmfonf yk'fr (64) yk'frcGJ (u) ESihf (c) wdk@t& a&G;cs,fwif
ajrmufxm;aom EdkifiHawmfaumifpD0ifrsm;u pkaygif;IwifoGif;onfh jynfol@ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
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ykk'fr (104)?
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a&;tajctaeudk jynfol@ v$wfawmfodk@tpD&ifcH&rnf? jynfol@ v$wfawmf tpnf;ta0;usif;yonfhumv
r[kwfv#if EdkifiHawmfaumifpDudk wm0efcH&rnf?
ponfjzifh a&;qGJjyXmef;xm;onfudk awG@&rnfjzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh 1974 ckESpf zJ@Gpnf;tkyf
csKyfyHktajccHOya'onf a&;qGJjyXmef;xm;aomfvnf; EdkifiHawmfaumifpDonf EdkifiHawmf.tcsKyftjcmtm
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EdkifiHawmftcsKyftjcmtm%mESifh zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'wdk@ ta&;}uD;qufpyfr_. avhvmrSwfom;
oifcef;pm,loifhaom om"uwckyifjzpfygonf?
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wdk@rSm(1) Oya'jyKu. obm0udkavhvm=unfhjcif;
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(3) w&m;pD&ifa&;uudk avhvm=unfhjcif;
ponfwdk@jzpfonf?
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5

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jyygtcsufrsm;udk tajccHIavhvm=unfhoifhayonf?

(2) tkyfcsKyfa&;u (odk@r[kwf) pDrHcef@cGJa&;uudk avhvm=unfhjcif;

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