AP Physics C

12. I

Biot-Savart
a.

Row E24

0 Id r 4 r 3 Cross product: sin of angle between r and I. Remember: r is the distance from an element , d , of length of the current carrying wire to point P.
dB =

A hoop of wire, R = 36 cm, carries a current of 15 A. a. Using Biot-Savart Law derive the an equation to solve for the magnetic field at the center of hoop. b. Determine the magnitude of the field. c. Determine the direction of the field.

0 Id sin r2 The angle in the above formula is specifically the angle associated with the dot product. It is always the angle between r and I , and is usually 90o.

d B = 4

0 Id r2 On the left side summing the elements of the magnetic field gives you the total magnetic field. On the right side there are a number of constants that do not require integration.

d B = 4

0 I d 4 r 2 In Biot-Savart adding up the elements of the wires length, d , returns the total length of the wire. We know the total length without integrating. It is a circle.
B=

0 I 2 R where R is the radius of the object. 4 r 2 In this case r = R.

B=

B=

0 I 2 r

b. c.

B=
z

( 4 10 ) (15)
7

(0.36)

= 2.62 105 T

R H Jansen

13. I r R x

a.

The first three steps are similar to the problem above. See their explanation above if still needed.

dB =

0 Id r 4 r 3
0 Id sin r2

d B = 4

A hoop of wire, R = 36 cm, carries a current of 15 A. a. Using Biot-Savart Law derive the an equation to solve for the magnetic field at point P, a distance x = 25 cm from the center of the hoop. b. Determine the magnitude of the field. c. Determine the direction of the field. d. Sketch the graph of the magnetic field strength vs. x .

0 Id A second angle will now appear. r2 In the diagram below left two magnetic field vectors are shown. They correspond to the elements of current in the elements of the loop d at the top and bottom of the hoop. Unlike electric field vectors, which are parallel to r , magnetic field vectors are perperpendicular to r . The y components cancel. Total the x components

d B = 4

dB
or

0 Id cos 90 r2

I r R x B 90 90 B r

0 Id sin r2 Keep in mind that this is a new angle and different from the one in the second equation above.

dB

B=

0 I
4 r 2

sin d

In Biot-Savart adding up the elements of the wires length, d , returns the total length of the wire. We know the total length without integrating. It is a circlular hoop.

B=

0 I
4 r 2

sin 2 R

where R is the radius of the object.

r does not equal R. In addition, r and are not given. However, x and R can be used to solve for r and .

B= 4

0 I
R2 + x 2

R 2 R R2 + x 2

B=

2 R2 + x 2
7

0 IR 2

b.

( 4 10 ) (15) (0.36) B=
2 2 2 0.36 + 0.25

) (

= 1.45 105 T

c. d.

+x

R H Jansen

14.

a.

The first three steps are similar to the problem above. See their explanation above if still needed.

dB =
P

0 Id r 4 r 3
0 Id sin r2

120

d B = 4

d B = 4
B=
A current carrying wire following an arc shaped path with a radius, R = 36 cm, and spaning 120o. The current in the wire is 15 A. a. Using Biot-Savart Law derive the an equation to solve for the magnetic field at point P. b. Determine the magnitude of the field. c. Determine the direction of the field.

0 Id r2

0 I
4 r 2

Summing up the elements of length results in the arc. We have a formula for arc length and do not need to integrate. L = R works as long as we are in radians.

B=

0 I
4 r 2

( R )
1 1 120o = 360o = 2 3 3

Where R is the radius of the arc and is in radians. In this case r = R .

B=
B=

0 I 4 R
0 I 2 4 R 3

B=
b.

0 I 6R

120o is 1/3 of 2 in radians

B=

( 4 10 )(15)
7

6 ( 0.36 )

B = 8.72 106 T
c. z

R H Jansen