BASIC CONCEPT OF Q.S. BASIC CONCEPT OF QUANTITY SURVEYING (Q.S.

) -PREPARED BY MANIRUL ISLAM Quantity Surveyor (Civil), Teejan, Oman 1. UNITS OF MEASUREMENTS UNIT FOR LABOUR WORK UNIT FOR COMPLETED ITEM (MATERIAL+LABOUR)

SL.NO

ITEMS

01 02 03 04 05

Excavation Back filling / soling Footing (Concreting) P.C.C Column / Beam / Lintel Concreting

cum / cft cum / cft No. sqm / sft rm / rft

cum / cft cum / cft cum / cft cum / cft cum / cft

06 07

Slab concreting Pardi / Chajja / Loft Concreting

sqm / sft sqm / sft

cum / cft cum / cft

08 09

Staircase Concreting Brick masonry 10cm to 15cm thick

No. (per step) sqm / sft

cum / cft sqm / sft

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Brick masonry 23cm thick Brick masonry 35cm thick U.C.R. masonry Plastering Pointing Flooring / /

sqm / sft cum / cft cum / cft sqm / sft sqm / sft rm / rft rm / rft No. or rm / rft sqm / sft

cum / cft cum / cft cum / cft sqm / sft sqm / sft rm / rft rm / rft rm / rft sqm / sft sqm / sft rm / rft

Tiling Skirting / Steps Sill Patti Kitchen otta Painting Doors Windows Plumbing /

No. or sqm / sft rm / rft

pipes 21 Plumbing fitting sanitary ware 22 23 24 25 Water tanks Septic tanks Road Electrical cabling Wiring 26 27 28 29 30 Electrical points Water-proofing to terrace Water-proofing of W.C Gardening (lawn) Gardening (trees bushes) / No. No. sqm / sft sqm / sft No. sqm / sft sqm / sft sqm / sft No. No. / work ltr. ltr. sqm / sft rm / rft ltr. No. of users sqm / sft rm / rft / No. No.

(asphalting)

2. CONVERSION TABLE SR.NO UNIT EQUIVALENT UNITS

01 02 04 05 07 08 09 10 11 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

1 meter 1 meter 1 centimeter 1 foot 1 inch 1 tone 1 kg 1 kg 1 gram 1 sq meter 1 brass 1 brass 1 cu meter 1 cu meter 1 cu feet 1 brass 1 cu feet 1 liter

100 centimeter 3.28 feet 0.393 inch 0.305 meter 2.54 centimeter/ 25.4 mm 1000 kg 1000 grams 0.001 tone 0.001 kg 10.76 sq feet 100 sq feet 9.29 sq meter 35.28 cu feet 1000 liters 28.315 liters 100 cu feet 0.0283 cu meter 0.001 cu meter

22 23 24

1 liter 1 cu feet 1 cu meter

0.0353 cu feet 0.01 brass 0.35 brass

3. WEIGHTS OF BUILDING MATERIAL SR.NO 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Cement Steel Dry sand River sand Stone Water P.C.C R.C.C. (2% steel) Bricks Brick masonry Soil Cement concrete block (solid) Cement mortar Lime mortar Lime Glass Teak wood Sal wood Marble stone Granite stone Cuddappa Bitumen MATERIAL 1440 7850 1600 1840 2850 to 2960 1000 2240 2420 1600 to 1920 1920 1760 1800 2080 1760 640 2530 670 to 830 990 2620 2460 to2800 2720 1040 THEORETICAL WEIGHT IN Kg/cum

RATE ANALYSIS

1. P.C.C. FOOTING (1:3:6)

Consider 10 cum volume.

Volume of dry concrete = 15.2 cum. (Adding 50 to 52% for compaction, wastages etc)

Proportion (1:3:6) = 1+3+6 = 10

Volume of cement = 15.2/10 = 1.52 cum.

= 1.52/0.035 = 43.4 bags ~ 44 bags.

Volume of sand = 1.52 X 3 = 4.56 cum.

Volume of metal = 1.52 X 6 = 9.12 cum.

MATERIAL

QTY

RATE

PER

AMOUNT

CEMENT

44

265 Rs.

Bag

11660.00

SAND

4.56

1270 Rs.

Cum

5791.20

METAL

9.12

900 Rs.

Cum

8208.00

LABOURS HEAD MASON MASON MALE COOLIE FEMALE COOLIE

NO. 02 04 16 07

RATE 400 Rs. 250 Rs. 200 Rs. 150Rs.

PER Day Day Day Day

AMOUNT 800.00 1000.00 3200.00 1050.00

TOTAL TOOLS & PLANTS L.S. 1% TOTAL=31709.2+317.092 WATER & ELECTRIC CHARGES 2% = TOTAL=32026.292+640.52 CONTRACTORS PROFIT 25%

= = =

31709.2 317.092 32026.292 640.52

= =

32666.818 8166 .705 40833.505

GRANT TOTAL= 3266.818+8166.705 =

RATE FOR 10 CU.M

= 40833.505 Rs.

RATE FOR PER CU.M = 4083.350 Rs.

2. BRICK WORK

Considering 1:4 ratios for cement mortar in 150mm thick brickwork.

Calculation of quantity for 5 cu.m volume in brickwork as follows:

Size of brick = 19 cm x9 cm x9 cm.

Vol. of brick = (0.19 x 0.09 x 0.09) cu.m

= 0.00154cu.m.

Vol. of brick with cement mortar

= (0.2 x 0.1 x 0.1) cu.m

= 0.002 cu.m.

No. of bricks in 5 cu.m

= 5 (vol. of one brick with mortar).

= 5 0.002

= 2500

Vol. of 2500 bricks = 2500 x vol. of one brick without mortar.

=2500 x 0.00154

= 3.85cu.m. Vol. of mortar = 5 3.85 = 1.15 cu.m.

Add 15% (Bulkage + wastage)

\ Vol. of wet mortar = 1.15 + {1.15 x (15 100)}

= 1.323cu.m

Vol. of dry mortar = 1.323 + 33% in wet mortars for interlocking =1.759cu.m

Vol. of cement = 1.759 (1+4) =0.352cu.m

\ No. of cement bags = 0.352 0.035

=10.057bags.

 10.00bags

Vol. of sand = 0.352 x 4

= 1.408cu.m.

ITEM DESCRIPTION

QUANTITY

RATE RS.

AMOUNT RS.

a. Material

Cement

10 bags

250/bag

2500.00

Sand

1.408 cu.m

1270/cu.m

1788.16

Bricks

2500 Nos.

4/no.

10000.00

Mason

250/day

1000.00

Head Mason

400/day

400.00

Male coolie

10

200/day

2000.00

Total

17688.16

c. Tools & Plants

1%

0f total

176.88

Total

17865.04

d. Water charges

2%

Of total

357.30

Total

18222.34

e. Supervisor, Overhead & Profit

25%

Of the total

4555.58

Total

22777.92

RATE FOR 5 CU.M

22777.92 Rs.

RATE FOR PER CU.M = 4555.58 Rs.

3. R.C.C. COLUMN

Consider 10 cum volume. Grade of concrete M 40 Proportion (1: 1.808: 1.616) 1+1.808+1.616= 4.424 {as per mix design}

Volume of dry concrete = 15.2 cum. (52% for compaction & wastages)

Volume of Cement = 15.2/4.424 = 3.435 cum.

Cement bags

= 3.435/0.035 = 98.12 ~ 99 Bags.

Sand = 3.435 X 1.808 = 6.21 cum.

Metal = 3.435 X 1.616= 5.55 cum.

MATERIAL

QTY

RATE

PER

AMOUNT

CEMENT

99

265 Rs.

Bag

26235.00

SAND

6.21

1270 Rs.

Cum

7886.70

METAL

5.55

900 Rs.

Cum

4995.00

LABOURS HEAD MASON

NO. 1

RATE 400 Rs.

PER Day

AMOUNT 400.00

MASON MALE COOLIE BHISTI CARPENTER HELPER

3 16 7 4 8

250 Rs. 200 Rs. 150 Rs. 200 Rs. 125 Rs.

Day Day Day Day Day

750.00 3200.00 1050.00 800.00 1000.00

TOTAL

46316.7

Tools & Plants charges 1%

463.167

TOTAL=46316.7+463.167

46779.86

Water charges 2% TOTAL=46779.86+935.59

= 935.59 = 47715.45

Contractors profit 25%

= 11928.8

TOTAL = 47715.45+11928.8

= 59644.31

RATE FOR 10 CUM = RS. 59644.31/-

RATE FOR PER CU.M = RS. 5964.43/-

4. INTERNAL PLASTER

12mm thick internal plaster

Considering 100sqm area Proportion of C:M = 1:4 Summation of proportion =5

Quantity of one cement bag = 0.035cum Quantity of wet mortar = 0.012 x 100 = 1.2cum Adding 15% wastage = 1.2 + (1.2 x 0.15) =1.38cum Volume of dry mix = 1.38 + (1.38 x 1/3) =1.84cum Volume of cement = (dry volume / 5) x 1 = (1.84 /5) x 1 = 0.368cum = 0.368 / 0.035 =10.5 bags Volume of sand = (dry volume / 5) x 4 = (1.84 /5) x 4 = 1.472 cum

MATERIALS Sand Cement Scaffolding LABOURS Mason Helper

QUANTITY 1.472cum 10.5bags L.S QUANTITY 8nos 12nos

RATE (RS) 1300 /cum 250 / bag 550 RATE (RS) 200 90 Total

AMOUNT (RS) 1913 2625 550 AMOUNT (RS) 1600 1080 7768

Tools & Plants

1%

0f total

77.68

Total

7845.68

Water charges

2%

Of total

156.91

Total

8002.59

Supervisor, Overhead & Profit

25%

Of the total

2000.65

Total

10003.23

RATE FOR 100m = 10003.23Rs. RATE FOR 1m = 100.03Rs.

5. EXTERNAL PLASTER 20mm thick external plaster

Considering 100sqm area. Proportion for mix C:M = 1:4. Summation of proportion = 5. Quantity of one cement bag = 0.035cum. Quantity of wet mortar = 0.02 x 100 = 2cum. Adding 20% wastage = 2 +( 2 x 0.2 ) = 2.4cum. Volume of dry mix = 2.4 + (2.4 x 1/3) = 3.2cum. Volume of cement = (dry volume / 5) x 1 = (3.2 /5) x 1 = 0.64cum = 0.64 / 0.035 = 18.3 bags = 19 bags Volume of sand = (dry mix / 5) x 4 = (3.2 /5) x 4 = 2.56cum.

PARTICULAR Materials

QUANTITY

RATE(RS)

AMOUNT(RS)

Sand Cement Scaffolding Labors Mason Helper

2.56cum 19bags L.S.

1300 250 550

3328 4750 550

8nos 12nos

200 90 Total

1600 1080 11708.5

Tools & Plants

1%

0f total

117.08

Total

11825.60

Water charges

2%

Of total

236.512

Total

12062.112

Supervisor, Overhead & Profit

25%

Of the total

3015.53

Grand Total

15077.64

RATE FOR 100m = 15077.64Rs. RATE FOR 1m =150.77Rs.

USEFULL DATA FOR ESTIMATION Mixer Machine Capacity: Sr. No: Capacity 1 2 3 6' / '4' 7' / '5' 10' / '7' Dry volume in cum 0.170 0.198 0.283 Wet volume in cum 0.113 0.142 0.198 Output per hour 2.266 2.832 3.965 Petrol consumption per hour Remarks in litre 1.000 1.400 1.700 Each batch of concrete requires about 3 minutes of mixing

Cement Mortar:

Sr. No: Ratio

Cement in Kg

Cement in bag

Sand in 'cum'.

Remarks

1 2 3 1 5 6

1 : 1' 1 : 2' 1 : 3' 1 : 4' 1 : 6' 1 : 8'

1054 686 491 380 253 192

21.08 13.72 9.82 7.60 5.06 3.84

0.73 0.96 1.02 1.05 1.05 1.06 50 kg. cement bag size is (400mm x Water may be generally 350mm x 250mm internally. Volume taken as 140 litres per 'cum'. per is = 0.035 'cum'.

Cement Concrete:

Sr. No: Ratio

Cement in Kg

Cement in bag

Sand in 'cum'.

Aggregate in 'cum'.

Remarks

1 2 3 4 5

1 : 4 : 8' Nominal 161 Mix 1 : 3 : 6' Nominal 212 Mix 1 : 2 : 4' M15 317

3.22 4.24 6.34 8.06 11.10

0.45 0.44 0.44 0.42 0.385

0.89 0.88 0.88 0.84 0.77

1 : 1.5 : 3' M20 403 1 : 1 : 2' M25 555

Remarks Considering dry density of concrete is 1.54 'cum'. Aggregate may be used 60% : 40% ratio of 20mm and 10mm down respectively. Water required for concrete varies from 28 to 35 litres per bag of (50kg) cement depending on the mix and proportion.

Reinforcement (Steel) works: Reinforcement usually required in various situation is as follows: Culvert and foundaion = 0.5% to 1% Slab and landing = 0.5% to 1.5% Arch, wal, floor and flate roof = 1% to 2% Column and brace = 2 % to 3% Column and brace = 2 % to 3% Pile = 2% to 5% Remarks

Binding or tying wire for reinforcement may be taken as 0.9 to 1.3 kg per quintal of reinforcement.

One 50 kg. bag of cement will make approximately following volume of concrete: The equivalent size of a box for 50 kg. cement bag is 400mmx350mmx250mm internally. 0.133 'cum' of 1 : 1.5 : 3 concrete. 0.166 'cum' of 1 : 2 : 4 concrete. 0.140 'cum' of 1: 1 : 2 concrete. 0.250 'cum' of 1: 3 : 6 concrete. 0.333 'cum' of 1: 4 : 8 concrete. 0.400 'cum' of 1: 5 : 10 concrete. 0.500 'cum' of 1: 6 : 12 concrete.