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Definisi
Sediaan yang mengandung bahan obat padat dalam bentuk halus dan tidak larut, terdispersi dlam cairan pembawa Sediaan heterogen yg terdiri atas 2 fase, yitu fase terdispersi atau fase kontinue atau fase luar yg umumnya cairan atau setengah padat; dan fase terdispersi atau fase luar yg terdiri atas bahan-bahan yang tidak larut
Definition
NonHomogenous substance Insoluble finely divided solid is dispersed uniformly in a liquid dispersion medium Thermoynamically unstable Acceptable shelf life at room temp.
Component
Internal (globules)/disperse/discontinous phase Oralhigh amounts of dispersed solid. parenteral less than 5% solids. External /discontinous phase liquid / semi solid Wetting Agent Suspending Agent
Size of particle
Coarse suspension: greater than ~1 m Colloidal suspension : below 1 m When the particles constituting the internal phase of the suspension are therapeutically active, the suspension is known as pharmaceutical suspension.
Suspensions are also used in the allied fields of cosmetics, veterinary medicine,pest control, including domestic, industrial and agricultural applications, and other industrial
Ideal Suspension
The suspension must be :
physically stable (no appreciable settling) for a sufficient time, chemically stable over the required time (shelf-life), possess a viscosity that allows it to be used for its intended purpose, be easily reconstituted by shaking, and be acceptable in use to the patient, care-giver or other user.
Some desirable attributes of a suspension are described by Bhargava et al. (1996). 1. It should be safe, effective, stable, and pharmaceutically elegant during the shelf life of the product. 2. The drug should not have a quick sedimentation rate. Furthermore, it should resuspend easily upon shaking and it must not cake. 3. Physical attributes such as particle size, particle size distribution, viscosity should remain fairly uniform throughout the shelf life of the product. 4. Its viscosity must promote free and uniform flow from the container. The product must have appropriate substantivity that it spreads freely over the affected area. 5. Resuspension should produce a homogeneous mix of drug particles such that there is a content uniformity with each dose.
Type of Suspension
Type of particle solid Floculated suspension Defloculated suspension Size of particle : Colloidal suspension Coarse suspension
Type of suspension
Route : Oral Non oral
Flocculated Suspension
Deflocculated Suspension
c
Dispersed particles
Wetting/Pembasah
Bahan Pembasah sangat penting pada suspensi Kemudahan terbasahinya serbuk tergantung dari besarnya sudut kontak sudut yang terbentuk antara serbuk dgn permukaan cairan
Sudut kontak
Sudut kontak 90 mengambang/terapung di atas cairan Sudut kontak 90 menyelup/mengambang di bawah cairan Tidak ada sudut kontak serbuk tenggelam Serbuk dengan sudut kontak besar sukar dibasahi oleh air hidrofob
Untuk menurunkan tegangan antar muka antara partikel padat & cairan pembawa tambahkan wetting agent atau surfactan Co : gliserin, propilenglikol, larutan gom
Pembuatan suspensi
Menggunakan pensuspensi PGS (Puvis Gummosus) Banyaknya PGS tidak tergantung pada banyaknya serbuk tegantung pada banyknya cairan 2% u bahan yg berkhasiat keras, 1% lainnya dari jumlah cairan
Cara membuat
Bahan yang tidak larut dicampur/digerus dgn PGS di dalam lumpang, kemdian tambahkan air sebanyak 7x PGS ygn dipakai Jika zat padat dalam campuran cukup banyak, air bisa lebih
Pengecualian
Mg oksida, Mg subkarbonas serbuk yg ringan dapat disuspensikan tnpa zat tambahan Carbo adsorbens, carbo ligni (obat diare) tidak tambaha PGS (lendir) mengurangi daya kerjanya