Coordinating conjunctions link sentences of the same grammar class, adding an idea to the other, expressing contrast, opposition,

etc.

1. Join the sentences with the conjunction in brackets: Addition a) b) c) d) e) I called him. He answered. (and) She teaches Biology. She teaches Geography. (not onlybut also) My sister went on holiday. I went on holiday. (bothand) Shes very pretty. Shes very intelligent. (and / also) He spoke Chinese very well. He spoke French very well. (as well as)

and - e not only...but also - no smas tambm bothand - mas tambm also, too - tambm as well as - assim como Contrast f) g) h) i) j) I like tea. I dont like coffee. (but) I like beer. I must not drink too much. (however) He studies very little. He takes good marks. (nevertheless) The car is fast. Many people dislike it. (yet) Hurry up! You wont catch the bus. (otherwise)

But mas However porm, contudo Nevertheless no entanto, contudo Yet contudo Or else , otherwise de outro modo Alternative k) l) n) Dont work so much. Youll get sick. (or) I didnt like the book. My mother didnt like the book. (nor) Hes not lazy. Hes not stupid. (neithernor)

m) You can have tea. You can have coffee. (eitheror)

Or ou Nor nem Either...or ou...ou Neithernor nemnem

Cause o) p) q) It was getting dark. He went indoors. (so) Its time to go. Lets go. (then) Hes a good man. Everyone likes him. (therefore)

So por isso Then ento, pois Therefore portanto, por conseguinte

Subordinating Conjunctions Subordinating conjunctions link clauses of different nature, establishing that one of the clauses depends on the other to complete its meaning. Time 2. Link the sentences with the conjunction in brackets:

When quando As soon as logo que While enquanto / enquanto que Until (till) at que Since desde que Before antes que After depois que As quando/ medida que Whenever sempre que a) b) c) d) He opened the door. He had a surprise. (when) I arrived. The train stopped. (as soon as) I prepared the exams. I was in the hospital. (while) I read the letter. I sent it. (before)

e) f) g) h) i)

The summer approached. The weather got warmer. (as) He greeted me. He saw me. (whenever) I went there. They wanted me to go. (because) It was getting late. I went away. (as) It was cold. I stayed home. (since)

Cause

Because porque As como,visto que Since uma vez que Comparison j) k) He runs quickly. I do too. (asas) I cook well. She cooks better. (than)

As como Than do que Purpose l) n) o) That* So that* In order that* To# In order to# So as to # para a fim de de modo a para que/ a fim de que Pupils study. They pass. (so that) I got out. I went shopping. (to) Im on a diet. I want to get thinner. (in order to) m) The bus stopped. We got out. (in order that)

* followed by modal verb (when the subjects are different) # followed by infinitive

Result

p) q) r)

The bag was heavy. I couldnt carry it. (sothat) I was cold. I put the coat on. (so) It was a lovely day. We went to the beach. (suchthat)

Sothat toque Suchthat talque So ento Concession s) t) It was raining hard. We went out. (although) The work was hard. It was very rewarding.

Though, although In spite of Despite Followed by a noun or by a gerund eg. In spite of/Despite the rain, they went on. In spite of/Despite raining, they went on. Condition u) v) Ill visit Paris. Ill go to the Eiffel Tower. (if) Sheila will fail her exams. She has to work harder. (unless) embora, apesar de

If se Unless a no ser que, a menos que