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20.1 Rockburst
of the pipe, whereas fluid loads are independent of deformation and always
normal to the pipe surface.
We consider the pipe as a beam with initial curvature, where the differential
equations of bending can be applied. Plane deformation (i.e. displacements
ur = 0, uθ = 0, uz ≡ 0) implies that the Young’s modulus E usually applied
in bending theory of beams has to be replaced by E ∗ := E/(1 − ν 2 ). The
differential equation follows from the known relation ΔM = EJ · Δκ, where
Δκ is the change of the beam curvature and J is the moment of inertia of
the area shown in Fig. 20.3. With r := r0 + u, ṙ := dr/dθ = r0 dr/ds and
r := dr/ds we can express the curvature as
r2 + 2ṙ2 − rr̈
κ=
(r2 + ṙ2 )3/2
Introducing r = r0 + u and neglecting terms quadratic in u and u as well as
the product uu we obtain:
1 u
κ≈ − 2 − u .
r0 r0
With κ0 = 1/r0 for the initially prevailing circular form we finally obtain
u
Δκ = κ − κ0 ≈ − − u ,
r02
and the differential equation
u M
u + 2
=− ∗ (20.2)
r E J
or
M
ü + u = −r2 . (20.3)
E∗J
We now assume that the buckled shape of the pipe is symmetric with respect
to the x and y axes, i.e.
Taking into account that N0 = p(r0 + u0 ) and neglecting small terms2 yields
from (20.6):
.. r02
u +k 2 u = − (M0 − pr0 u0 ) (20.8)
E∗J
with
r02
k 2 := 1 + p . (20.9)
E∗J
The solution of (20.8) reads
E∗J
pcr = 3 .
r03
We consider a pipe embedded within a material in such a way that the inter-
action is governed by the subgrade modulus Kr . According to Nicolai3 , the
buckling load is obtained as
E∗I r
p = (k 2 − 1) + Kr 2 , (20.11)
r3 k −1
with k = 2, 3, 4, . . .. If we introduce into Equ. 20.11 the number k which
minimises p 4 , we obtain the critical buckling load according to Domke and
Timoshenko:
2
pcr = Kr E ∗ J . (20.12)
r
3
E.L. Nicolai, Stabilitätsprobleme der Elastizitätstheorie, Zeitschrift für Ange-
wandte Mathematik und Mechanik, 3, 1923, 227-229
4 dp
This can be obtained by formal differentiation, dk = 0.