Ec9_ex91_Interaction_Tension

Tension force and bending moment

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Example 9.1. Tension force and bending moment

Under the load at the centre of the beam there is a transverse web stiffener which means that there are cross welds on both the flanges and the web. The beam is restrained laterally at the load application point.

Dimensions and material properties

Flange height: Flange depth: Web thickness: h := 200 mm b := 140 mm tw := 12 mm

bf

tw z bw h y

Flange thickness: tf := 16 mm Length: Width of web plate: b w := h 2 tf b w = 168 mm L := 2 m

[1] Table 3.2b Alloy: EN AW-6082 T6 EP/O t > 5 mm fo := 260 MPa Buckling class E := 70000 MPa Partial safety factors: fu := 310 MPa BC := "A" G := 27000 MPa

FEd NEd L L

tf

Bending moment

M1 1.10 M2 1.25
Lateral buckling

Moment and force

Axial tension force and eccentricity Bending moment S.I. units kN 1000 newton NEd := 300 kN My.Ed := 40 kNm kNm kN m MPa 1000000 Pa

Classification of the cross section in bending. Effective thickness

Web
w := 0.40
bw tw

w = 5.6

:=

250 MPa fo

= 0.981

The cross welds at the centre of the beam does not influence the buckling class (see 6.1.4.4 (3)) [1] Table 6.2 BC = "A" [1] 6.1.5 (2)

1w := 11

2w := 16

3w := 22

classw := if w > 1w , if w > 2w , if w > 3w , 4 , 3 , 2 , 1

) ) ) ( )

classw = 1

Local buckling: cw := if

22 , 1.0 ,

32

220

w
aluMATTER

tw.ef := if classw 4 , tw cw , tw

cw = 1
tw.ef = 12.0 mm

T Hglund

2007-07-19

Ec9_ex91_Interaction_Tension

Tension force and bending moment

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Flanges
[1] 6.1.4.3 [1] Table 6.2 [1] 6.1.5 (2)

f :=

b tw tf

1f := 3

2f := 4.5

3f := 6

f = 8
classf = 4

classf := if f > 1f , if f > 2f , if f > 3f , 4 , 3 , 2 , 1

) ) )

Local buckling: cf := if

6 , 1.0 ,

10

tf.ef := if classf 4 , tf cf , tf

2 f
24

cf = 0.865

tf.ef = 13.84 mm

Classification of the total cross-section: class := if ( classf > classw , classf , classw) class = 4

Net section at the cross weld

[1] Table 6.2 HAZ softening factor

u.haz := 0.60
tf.haz := u.haz tf tw.haz := u.haz tw tf.haz = 9.6 mm tw.haz = 7.2 mm t1 = 14.652 mm b haz = 35 mm tf = 16 mm

[1] 6.2.5.1 (2) Effective thickness, flange Effective thickness, web

[1] 6.1.6.3 (3) Extent of HAZ i web (MIG-weld) t1 := 0.333 ( tw + 2 tf )

b haz := if ( t1 > 6 mm , if ( t1 > 12 mm , if ( t1 > 25 mm , 40 mm , 35 mm) , 30 mm) , 20 mm)

Bending moment resistance

[1] 6.2.5.1 Elastic modulus of gross cross section Wel: Agr := 2 b tf + ( h 2 tf ) tw Igr := Wel := 1 12 b h ( b tw) ( h 2 tf )
3 3

Agr = 6.496 10 mm

7 4 Igr = 4.276 10 mm

Igr 2 h 1 4 b h ( b tw) ( h 2 tf )
2 2

Wel = 4.276 10 mm

Plastic modulus Wple :=

5 3 Wple = 4.968 10 mm

Elastic modulus of the effective cross section Weffe: tf = 16 mm tf.ef = 13.842 mm tw = 12 mm tw.ef = 12 mm

Allowing for local buckling: Aeffe := Agr b ( tf tf.ef ) b haz ( tw tw.ef ) Shift of gravity centre: eef := b ( tf tf.ef ) Aeffe = 6.194 10 mm
3 2

b haz 1 h tf h + b haz ( tw tw.ef ) tf 2 Aeffe 2 2 2

eef = 4.487 mm

Second moment of area with respect to centre of gross cross section:

T Hglund

tf

b haz

te,f
b haz
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te,w

aluMATTER

bhaz

Ec9_ex91_Interaction_Tension

Tension force and bending moment Page 3 of 4 h f haz h haz Ieffe := Igr b ( tf tf.ef ) ( tw tw.ef ) b haz ( tw tw.ef ) tf 12 2 2 2 2
Ieffe = 4.02 10 mm
7 7 4 4 3

Second moment of area with respect to centre of effective cross section: Ieffe := Ieffe eef Aeffe Weffe := Ieffe h 2 [1] Tab. 5.3 + eef
2

Ieffe = 4.007 10 mm
5

Weffe = 3.835 10 mm

Shape factor for welded, class 4 cross-section

:=

Weffe Wel

= 0.897

Design moment and axial force resistance of the cross section ( My,Rd and NRd) [1] (5.14) My.Rd := fo Wel NRd := fo Aeffe My.Rd = 90.7 kNm NRd = 1.5 10 kN
3

M1

M1

Net section with HAZ softening

Anet := 2 b tf.haz + tw.haz b w Inet := 0.5 b tf.haz ( h tf ) + tw.haz b w
2 3 1

Anet = 3.898 10 mm 12 Inet = 2.56 10 mm

5 7 4

Wnet :=

Inet 2 h

Wnet = 2.56 10 mm

Design moment and axial force resistance of the net section ( My,Rd.net and NRd.ner) [1] (5.14) My.Rd.net := fu Wnet NRd.net := fu Anet My.Rd.net = 63.5 kNm NRd.net = 966.6 kN

M2

M2

Bending and axial force At effective section

[1] 6.2.9.1

[1] 6.2.9

Class 4 cross section:

0 := 1
= 0.646

0 := 1

0 := 1

[1] (5.40)

NEd N Rd

My.Ed + My.Rd

in section without weld

At net section
0 := 1
[1] (5.40)

0 := 1
0

0 := 1
0

NEd N Rd.net

My.Ed + My.Rd.net

= 0.94

in section with weld

T Hglund

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Ec9_ex91_Interaction_Tension

Tension force and bending moment

[1] 6.3.2 2 b tf 12
3

Page 4 of 4

Lateral-torsional buckling

Lateral stiffness constant

Iz := Iw := It :=

h tw 12

Iz = 7.346 10 mm Iw = 6.218 10
10

[1] Figure J.2 Varping constant:

(h tf )2 Iz
4 2 b tf + h tw 3
3 3

mm
4

Torsional constant: Length [1] I.1.2 Moment relation and Support conditions [1] I.1.2 (6) C1 - constant Mono symmetry parameter Load application parameter Shear modulus [1] I.1.2 kwt :=

It = 4.975 10 mm L = 2m

:= 0
ky := 1 kz := 1 kw := 1
2

C1 := 0.310 + 0.428 + 0.262 zj := 0 zg := 0

0.5

C1 = 1.796

G = 2.7 10 MPa kwt = 0.894

2

kw L C1 kz

E Iw G It

[1] (I.3)

cr :=

1 + kwt

cr = 2.409
Wy := Wel

Mcr := cr

E Iz G It L

[1] 6.3.2.3 (1) LT :=

Wy fo
Mcr

LT = 0.563 LT = 0.2 0LT = 0.4

[1] 6.3.2.2 (2) LT := if ( class > 2 , 0.2 , 0.1)

0LT := if ( class > 2 , 0.4 , 0.6)

[1] 6.3.2.1 (1) LT := 0.5 1 + LT LT 0LT + LT

LT = 0.675 LT = 0.955

LT := LT +

LT LT

Design moment and axial force resistance of the cross section (no HAZ) [1] (5.14) Mb.Rd := LT fo Wel NRd := fo Agr Mb.Rd = 96.5 kNm NRd = 1.5 10 kN
3

M1

M1

Lateral-torsional buckling check with influence of axial tensile force

In combination with bending moment, reduce axial tension force with a factor My.Ed Mb.Rd
T Hglund

vec := 0.8

vec

NEd NRd

= 0.258

aluMATTER

2007-07-19