Islamic Concept of Nikah (English)

Assalato Wasallaamo Alaika Yaa Rasool Allah
Wa Alaa Aalika Wa As Haabika Yaa Noor Allah

I
I
s
s
l
l
a
a
m
m
i
i
c
c
C
C
o
o
n
n
c
c
e
e
p
p
t
t
o
o
f
f

N
N
i
i
k
k
a
a
h
h

Compiled by:
Maulana Mohammed Shakir Ali
Noorie
(Ameer Sunni Dawat e Islami)

Published by:
Maktab e Taibah
Markaz Ismail Habib Masjid
126, Kambekar St, Mumbai 3.
Islamic Concept of Nikah

2

Book Name: Islamic Concept of Nikah

Compilation: Maulana Mohammed Shakir Ali Noorie.
(Ameer- Sunni Dawat e Islami)

Translation: Hafiz Muhammed Salim Noorie (Canada)
(Muballig, Sunni Dawat e Islami)

Quantity:

Price:

Published: Maktab e Taibah (Sunni Dawat e Islami), 2010

Copyright Reserved

For further queries, please contact:

WORLDWIDE HEADQUARTERS
MAKTAB E TAIBAH
Ismail Habib Masjid, 126 Kambekar St, Mumbai-3
Tel: 0091 22 23434366

U.K.
MARKAZ S.D.I.
Noor Mosque, Noor St, Preston, U.K.
Tel: 0044 1772 881786

Website: www.sunnidawateislami.net

3

CONTENTS

Foreword ...................................................................................................... 5
Preface........................................................................................................... 9
Literal Translation of Nikah..................................................................... 12
Islamic Meaning of Nikah........................................................................ 12
What is the Right Age for Marrying? ..................................................... 14
Aims of Nikah: In Light of the Quran ................................................... 15
Aims of Nikah: In Light of Ahadith........................................................ 18
The Best Way to Display Love is Nikah................................................. 19
More Benefits of Nikah at a Glance ........................................................ 20
Which Women Are Not Permissible to Marry? .................................... 21
Which Women Are Permissible to Marry? ............................................ 28
The Aim and Philosophy of Marriage.................................................... 30
Importance of Islam and Belief in Marriage .......................................... 31
Avoid Marrying Adulterous Women..................................................... 32
Number of Wives ...................................................................................... 34
Walima and Wedding Feast..................................................................... 36
Points of Jurisprudence (Fiqh) ................................................................. 37
Some Wedding Customs .......................................................................... 38
Delaying or Putting Off Weddings ......................................................... 39
Borrowing Money ..................................................................................... 39
Drums, Entertainment, Singing............................................................... 40
Dancing and Music ................................................................................... 41
Film Songs and Music............................................................................... 44
Fireworks.................................................................................................... 45
Mehr... Rules and Regulations................................................................. 46
Display Happiness When Giving Mehr ................................................. 47
Be Generous In Giving Mehr ................................................................... 48
Do Not Take Mehr Back ........................................................................... 48
Women Have the Right to Forgive Mehr............................................... 49
Mehr Becomes Property of the Husband if Forgiven........................... 49
Mehr for Those Not Touched .................................................................. 50
Give Them Something if Mehr is Not Fixed.......................................... 50

4
Proof of Mehr in Ahadith......................................................................... 51
Mehr of the Blessed Wives of RasoolAllah ....................................... 53
Mehr of the Blessed Daughters of RasoolAllah ................................ 53
Aims and Objectives................................................................... 56


5

Foreword
By: Hazrat Allama Mufti Muhammad
Taufeeq Ahsan Barkati Misbahi
(Teacher, Jamia Ghausia Najmul Uloom, Mumbai)

.
_. .
Nahmaduhu Wa Nusalli Alaa Rasoolihil Kareem, Amma
Baad!

The Lord of the worlds, Allah Azzawajalla has given clear and
concise laws and rules in order for us to obtain success in all
aspects of our lives. He has not left humans without guidance
regardless of whether that involves their own lives, family
relationships, societal or economic issues, or whether it
involves national or international issues and relationships. He
grated laws to all parts and phases of living in order to
establish rules, etiquettes and manners to be followed in order
to safeguard humans from confusion and disorder. Otherwise
lawlessness, chaos and turmoil would have been rampant and
embedded in peoples minds as a way of life. The divine Laws
of Allah Taala allow for the reformation, well-being and
durability of humans and the human race. The Holy Quran
states quite clearly that Allah Taala is not cruel to His slaves.
Rather, He showers His mercy and grace upon them as He is
above all else the most Affectionate, most Merciful.

Humanity requires divine laws in all aspects of living. In
order to safeguard humans from becoming slaves of their own
desires, Islam granted people its laws in the form of the Holy
Quran and Ahadith. One of the most important and key parts
of these laws involves marriage and divorce. Marriage
(Nikah) is a blessed and important Sunnah of Sayyadina
RasoolAllah . Marriage makes a person respectful, grants
them the light of modesty, gives evidence of chastity and

6
sanctity and saves eyes from wandering which is why it is
extremely important to study and learn its rules and
regulations. Each aspect of it must be studied and learnt so
that all the false customs and practices which have tainted and
given marriage and Nikah a bad name can be identified and
removed. This is a joint responsibility of each and every
Muslim. False practices and un-Islamic customs have taken
hold in marriage ceremonies like a disease and are spreading
like wildfire. Asking for excessive dowries, abundance of
divorces, wasteful and unnecessary spending etc leads to
depression and has turned Muslims family lives into a living
nightmare. This is why it is necessary for each individual to
awaken and take steps to ensure that the correct rules and
regulations are followed and acted upon and to stop the
spread of these false practices and incorrect customs.
Otherwise it will not be long before we commit the
unforgivable sin of forgetting our roots and forsaking our true
teachings. Then the world will laugh at us, make fun of us and
we will be the targets of ridicule and mockery.

In light of this, the heart and soul of the organisation Sunni
Dawat e Islami, Hazrat Maulana Hafiz o Qari Muhammad
Shakir Noorie Razvi has compiled these four books in relation
to marriage and divorce and has provided authentic
references to explain the Islamic position and rules and
regulations 1) Islamic concept of marriage 2) Rights of
spouses 3) Reality of dowry 4) Divorce and probationary
period. I do not want to go into detail about the contents of
these books but I would like to inform the readers that these
issues are extremely important in your lives and are very
sensitive and delicate. Will the desire and urge to learn and
act upon them still not be awakened in your hearts? For
Allahs sake! Live your lives according to Islam in order to
gain the treasures and blessings of both worlds.


7
The founder and leader of Sunni Dawat e Islami, Hazrat
Maulana Muhammad Shakir Noorie has written dozens of
books which have been published and accepted by the
Scholars and the masses who are using them to better
themselves. In order to publish and distribute the books
Maktab e Taibah has been established which has published
many books on many different topics over the last number of
years. Some of them include Imam Ahmed Raza and Salah,
Imam Ahmed Raza and Madinah Munawwarah, Barkaat e
Shariat, The Messenger of Peace, How to Spend Ramadhan
ul Mubarak, Stories of Women, Blessed Nights (by Mufti
Nizamuddin Razvi), A New Spring (by Professor Masood
Ahmed), Fundamentals of Islam (by Allama Abdul Aleem
Meerathi) and many others.

Ameer Sunni Dawat e Islami has mastered the art of deciding
on different topics, seeking advice and help from Scholars and
intellectuals and then studying the topic completely before
preparing the matter and having it published with the mercy
of Allah Taala helping him immensely. The respected author
is a great reformer of the community, great envoy of Islam,
excellent and effective speaker, passionate poet, well-
mannered, joyful and extremely humble. He is constantly
busy in attempting to expand and increase his devoted service
to the religion and to Muslims. In the words of the son of
Shoaib-ul-Auliya, Allama Abdul Qadri Alvi states, As a result
of his excellent qualities and manners, the author is respected
and valued greatly by the Scholars and Mashaaikh. The result
of his untiring attempts at reforming peoples acts and
correcting their beliefs is that the religious services of the
founder and leader of Sunni Dawat e Islami has spread across
many continents. Mufti Muhammad Nizamuddin Razvi
states, Maulana Shakir Ali Noorie good character and
personality make him a great ambassador and envoy for
Islam and he explains the reason for the success of the author
in each field by stating, The light of knowledge that Maulana

8
Noorie gained through his efforts from his Noorie Peer
(Huzoor Mufti e Aazam e Hind) is worthy of great envy
because the blessings of his accomplished Murshid has made
him a follower of Sunnahs and an ambassador of the Shariah.

Subhan Allah! These are the words and writings of great
personalities in our community, not the thoughts of
insignificant people like me. The words and thoughts of great
people becomes a testament and authoritative statement,
unlike the words of lesser people which are considered to be
personal opinions and liable to be mistaken. Regardless, these
books have been compiled in order for them to be studied
diligently, carefully and enthusiastically and to instil in
yourselves the passion to act upon the laws, rules and
regulations that are mentioned in them.

May Allah Taala grant these books acceptance and accept all
the services and efforts of the author and grant him increasing
strength each day to propagate and spread the teachings of
Islam and the path of Imam Ahmed Raza, Aameen.

Seeker of Supplications
Muhammad Taufeeq Ahsan Barkati Misbahi
19
th
Shawwal 1431 AH


9
Preface

Respected readers! You are well aware that we have been
granted the two greatest gifts by Allah Taala Islam and the
blessed Prophet of Islam . If the beloved Prophet would
not have been sent onto the earth then we would not have
found Islam, the Merciful One, or the Quran. Allah Taala has
stated in the Holy Quran that Allah has indeed bestowed a
great favour upon the Muslims, in that He sent to them a
Noble Prophet from among them... and Indeed following
the Noble Prophet of Allah is better for you...

It is for this reason that when Aala Hazrat Imam Ahmed Raza
praises Allah Taala he says:

Wohi Rab Hai Jis Ney Tujh Ko Hamatan Karam Banaaya
Hamey Bheekh Maangey Ko Teyra Aastaan Bataaya

However, it is a great misfortune that nowadays Muslims
have weakened their relationship with and love for the
beloved Prophet of Islam which is why love for
materialism and western ideals have taken hold in our hearts
and minds. The result of this is that Muslims are defeated and
disgraced in all aspects of life. Alas! If only Muslims would
realise that Islam is such a great gift and blessing that every
Prophet ordered their children to remain firm on this religion.
Allah Taala revealed the following verse upon the beloved
Prophet and expressed His happiness at granting us Islam
as our religion:


10
...this day have I perfected your religion for you and
completed My favour upon you, and have chosen Islam as
your religion... (Surah Maidah Verse 3)

We should remember that as Muslims it is essential for us to
remain firm and obey and act upon the laws of Islam and this
punctuality is not limited to a few customs and traditions.
Rather, from the time we are born until we die it is necessary
for us to Islam and the Prophet of Islam in every aspect of
our lives just as Allah Taala has stated:

O People who Believe! Enter into Islam completely...
(Surah Baqarah Verse 208)

The background to this verse is that Abdullah bin Salaam and
some of his companions accepted Islam but continued to act
upon certain customs from the Shariah of Hazrat Musa .
Some examples of this was keeping the Sabbath (Saturday)
holy by not hunting on that day, not eating the meat of camels
or drinking its milk etc. Their opinion was that these things
are optional in Islam so there was no harm in avoiding them
and they were not acting against the teachings of Islam by
their actions. In this manner they were acting upon Islam and
the teachings of Hazrat Musa also. Upon this act of theirs
the above verse was revealed and they were told to follow the
laws of Islam completely meaning the orders in the Taurah
were now annulled and therefore avoid them. (Khaza-inul Irfan)

Nowadays we think that we only need to follow Islamic rules
when it comes to Salah, Fasting, Hajj and Zakat and we can do
as we please in all other aspects of our lives. These are not
merely thoughts but in reality our actions are such that
whether it is celebrating the birth of a child or celebrating a
marriage, we do not follow Islamic rules at all. Remember that
unless and until we do not obey and follow the laws of Islam
and the Prophet of Islam we will never find success.

11

For a long time I have had the desire to work on making
people aware of their duties and responsibilities as Muslims
and making information available to them in order to help
them act upon Islam in all aspects of their lives.
Alhamdulillah! Through the waseela of RasoolAllah this
four booklet set has been produced by Idara Maarife Islami
which specifically concentrates on a very important part of
our lives the aim of marriage, false practises during the
marriage ceremony, rights of spouses, and words and deeds
which have a very damaging effect on a marriage. It is quite
apparent that trying to find time to compile a book whilst
travelling to propagate the religion and managing 27
institutions is a near impossible task. However, may Allah
Taala give abundant reward to respected Maulana Mazhar
Hussein Aleemi who assisted me night and day in compiling
and composing these books which enabled us to complete this
project.

Request: Please accept and strive to spread the publications
Idara Maarife Islami, which is the publication and literary
propagation arm of Sunni Dawate Islami, in order to
propagate knowledge of our religion to the masses. It is hoped
that this collection will not only increase your knowledge but
will also make your domestic life peaceful and content.
Remember us in your supplications and become a servant of
the religion by attending the weekly Sunni Dawate Islami
Ijtema and partaking in helping to propagate Islam.

I am aware of my lack of knowledge and so if the readers
notice any kind of shortcomings or mistakes they are
requested to advise us so we can correct them in future
editions.

Seeker of Supplications and Forgiveness,
Mohammed Shakir Ali Noorie
(Ameer Sunni Dawat e Islami)

Wednesday 26
th
Shawwal 1431 AH

12

. . .
_.
Nahmaduhu Wa Nusalli Alaa Rasoolihil Kareem, Amma
Baad!

The Lord of the worlds, Allah Azzawajalla states:

INSERT VERSE FROM PAGE 12

...marry the women whom you like - two at a time, or three
or four; then if you fear that you cannot keep two women
equally then marry only one or the bondwomen you own;
this is closer to your not doing injustice. (Surah Nisaa Verse 3)

Literal Translation of Nikah
To be absorbed, one thing becoming a part of something else.

Islamic Meaning of Nikah
Nikah is the contract that is established in order for (sexual)
relations between a man and woman to be lawful. (Bahar-e-
Shariat)

The legitimacy and lawfulness of Nikah is proven from the
Quran, Hadith and consensus of the Ummah. As well as the
verse quoted above, Allah Taala also states:

.
And enjoin in marriage those among you who are not
married, and your deserving slaves and bondwomen...
(Surah Noor Verse 32)


13
It is stated in a Hadith:

INSERT HADITH FROM PAGE 13 (Not coming up clearly)

Those among you who are able to marry, should marry...
(Bukhari Shareef Hadith 5065, Muslim Shareef Hadith 3464)

There is also consensus amongst the Scholars about the
permissibility and legality of marriage:

If a person is moderate in terms of sexual urges (i.e. not
having extreme sexual urges nor being impotent), and has the
means to pay Mehr and maintain a wife then it is Sunnat-e-
Muakkidah for him to perform Nikah and marry and
insisting not to marry is a sin. If the Nikah is performed with
the intention to safe oneself from sins, or to act upon a
Sunnah, or to have children then it is also rewarded. If the
intention is only to fulfil sexual urges then it (performing)
Nikah is not rewarded. (Bahar-e-Shariat Reference from Durr-e-
Mukhtar and Shaami)

If a person has sexual urges and there is a possibility that he
will commit adultery (sex out of wedlock) then it is
compulsory (Wajib) to perform Nikah if he has the means to
pay Mehr and maintain his wife. Similarly, if he cannot help
looking at women or (MaazAllah) resorts to masturbation
then Nikah is compulsory. (Durr-e-Mukhtar, Shaami)

If there is certainty that not performing Nikah will lead to
adultery then it is compulsory (Fardh) to perform Nikah and
marry.

If there is some doubt as to whether a person will be able to
support his family or will not be able to fulfil all his rights
then it is disliked (Makrooh) to perform Nikah. If there is
certainty that these things will not be possible then it is
unlawful (Haram) to perform Nikah but the Nikah will be
valid if it is performed. (Bahar-e-Shariat)


14
What is the Right Age for Marrying?

Hazrat Abu Saeed and Ibne Abbas narrate that
RasoolAllah said, Whoever has children should give
them a good name, teach them manners and once they have
reached puberty should arrange for their marriage. If a child is
not married (at a suitable age) and as a result of that he
commits sins (adultery) then the sin will be on the father.
(Mishkaat-ul-Masabih Hadith 3138)

Hazrat Umar and Hazrat Anas narrate that RasoolAllah
said, It is written in the Taurah (Old Testament) that if a
person has a daughter and she reaches the age of twelve and
he does not marry her off (at the appropriate time), then if she
commits a sin the sin will be on him, meaning the father.
(Shobul Imaan Al Baihaqi, Hadith 3139)

There are valuable lessons and advice given in the two
Ahadith mentioned above. The first advice is that when you
have children you should give them a good name. Giving
children a good name is a very important responsibility of the
parents. It is stated in Hadith that on the Day of Judgement
you will be called by your name along with your fathers
name therefore keep good names. (Abu Dawood Shareef Hadith
4950)

Bad names were extremely disliked by RasoolAllah .
Hazrat Aisha Siddiqua states, If someone had a bad
name RasoolAllah would change it. (Tirmidhi Hadith 3073)

The second advice is to teach children manners and etiquettes.
Having good manners beautifies a person. Good deeds and
good character are a part of good manners. Punctuality in
obligatory deeds and avoiding unlawful things is a part of
etiquettes and servitude. Not grieving or troubling others is
also a part of good manners and etiquettes amongst society
members. It is a great shame that instead of teaching these
things, parents nowadays do not tire of teaching their children
how to live shamelessly like Europeans and Americans. May

15
Allah Taala grant everyone proper wisdom and guidance,
Aameen.

The third advice is to marry off children once they reach a
suitable age. This advice has been totally abandoned and is
neglected nowadays. In their desire to teach their children
English and obtain all kinds of degrees, people have forsaken
this piece of advice. However, the sins that are breeding as a
result of delaying marriage are not hidden on anyone and are
obvious to all.

The advice in the Hadith narrated by Hazrat Umar and
Hazrat Anas is that sins committed by the daughter who is
not married off at the appropriate age fall on the father.
Twelve years of age is mentioned as that is normally the age at
which girls reach puberty.

Aims of Nikah: In Light of the Quran

Performing Nikah is worship provided the intention is correct
and the aim is to act upon the Sunnah of the Beloved Prophet
. The aims of Nikah have been mentioned very clearly in
many verses of the Quran and some of them are being
mentioned below.

Allah Taala states:

And among His signs is that He created spouses for you
from yourselves for you to gain rest from them, and kept
love and mercy between yourselves; indeed in this are signs
for the people who ponder. (Surah Rum Verse 21)

In relation to the above verse, Zia-ul-Ummah, Hazrat Allama
Peer Muhammed Karam Shah Azhari writes:

16
The path of life is very difficult. There are roadblocks at every
step with many issues, difficulties, setbacks and
disappointments. In spite of all this, the order is given to
recognise the Lord and be merciful to His creations. We have
been locked in a box and placed at the bottom of the ocean
and then are ordered to get out safely and not get wet.
However, in order to comfort and console humans, to keep
their faltering feet steady, to lift the burden of worries and
issues from their shoulders, the merciful Lord gave him a wife
from his own species to accompany him on this journey. As
well as being of the same species, he placed pure and firm
love and mercy in their hearts for one another to bring them
even closer together. This relationship is not only for when
they are healthy, young and times are good. Rather this
relationship will not break when misfortune strikes or times
are hard. As the clouds of sadness grow darker and more
menacing, this loves becomes brighter and stringer. When
times are bad, their closeness and affection becomes even
stronger. Additionally, they are created in such a manner that
they are both incomplete without each other. The achievement
of their desires, dreams, wishes and happiness is dependent
on them being with one another.

Just think! If the light of love did not illuminate this
dangerous road (of life) and if (a married couples) love and
mercy did not help and support one another then how
difficult and frightening would this journey of life be? May
thousands of our lives be sacrificed on that merciful Creator
who created woman from man and then joined them in such a
way through love and mercy that even thinking about being
away from them is distressing. (Zia-ul-Quran, Vol 3, Page 568)

Allah Taala states in the Quran:
.

17
It is He Who created you from a single soul, and from him
made its mate for him to gain comfort with her... (Surah
Aaraaf Verse 189)

He also states:

And Allah created you from clay, then a drop of liquid,
then made you as couples... (Surah Faatir Verse 11)

The Maker of the heavens and the earth; He has created
pairs for you from yourselves and pairs from the animals...
(Surah Shu'raa Verse 11)

Additionally, the Lord of the worlds states:

And it is We who created you in pairs.
(Surah Nabaa Verse 8)

It is clear from the verses mentioned above that this
relationship is a supreme creation of Allah Taala. The
Almighty does not desire that anyone should live alone and
be without a partner which he why He did not allow the
Father of mankind Hazrat Adam to be alone. The next
thing he created was Hazrat Hawwa . When mankind
stepped onto this earth he was not alone, he had a partner and
when mankind steps into Paradise he will also have a partner,
just as Allah Taala has stated:


18
Indeed this day the dwellers of Paradise are in comfort,
with blissful hearts. They and their wives are in shades,
reclining on thrones. (Surah Yasin Verses 55-56)

Allah Taala has not only created pairs for humans but He has
created pairs for all creations. Just as He has stated:

: ,

And We created all things in pairs, so that you may
ponder. (Surah Thaariyaat Verse 49)

In relation to the above verse, Sadrul Afaadil, Hazrat Syed
Allama Naeemuddin Muradabaadi states:
For example heaven and earth, sun and moon, night and day,
dry and wet, hot and cold, humans and jinn, light and
darkness, infidelity and faith, good fortune and misfortune,
truth and falsehood and males and females. Everything was
created in pairs so that humans would ponder and realise that
all these were created the Almighty One who has no
similarity, no partner, no pair, no parallel and He is the only
one worthy of worship. (Khaza-inul Irfan)

Aims of Nikah: In Light of Ahadith

It has already been mentioned that if Nikah is performed in
order to act upon a Sunnah of RasoolAllah then it is
worship and if it is performed to fulfil sexual desires then the
Nikah will still be valid but you will be deprived of receiving
reward for it. Let us look at some of those Ahadith in which
Allah Taalas Beloved Prophet has mentioned the aims of
Nikah in clear words.

(1) Performing Nikah to act upon a Sunnah:
Hazrat Abu Hurairah narrates that RasoolAllah said, He
who does not follow my traditions (Sunnahs) is not from me

19
(not one of my followers). (Bukhari Shareef Hadith 5063, Muslim
Shareef Hadith 3469)

In another Hadith it states, Whoever loves me should act
upon my Sunnahs and undoubtedly performing Nikah is my
Sunnah. (Kanzul Aamaal Hadith 44413) In this Hadith
RasoolAllah has stated that Nikah is his Sunnah and has
urged people to perform Nikah and cautioned against
avoiding it.

(2) Performing Nikah to increase the human race:
Hazrat Abu Dawood narrates on the authority of
Hazrat Muaqal bin Yasaar that RasoolAllah said,
Marry women who love you and who will produce offspring
because (on the Day of Judgment) I will have pride on your
increased numbers in front of the other nations (Ummahs).
(Abu Dawood Shareef Hadith 2052)

(3) Performing Nikah in order to avoid sins:
Hazrat Abdullah bin Masood narrates that
RasoolAllah said, O Young men! Those of you who have
the strength to manage a home should get married as this
lowers the gaze and guards the private parts. The person who
does not have the means to manage a home should Fast as this
decreases sexual desire. (Muslim Shareef Hadith 3464)

Each person is entrusted with sexual desire and it is necessary
to have a lawful wife in order to fulfil this desire otherwise he
will be embroiled in various sins and be deserving of the
wrath of Allah Taala. Therefore, if a person has the means he
should get married in order to be safeguarded from
shamefulness and punishment in both worlds.

The Best Way to Display Love is Nikah

Hazrat Abdullah Ibne Abbas narrates that the Beloved
Prophet of Mercy said, You will not find anything better
for people in love than Nikah. (Ibne Majah Shareef Hadith
1920)

20

Ponder the fact that before Nikah two people do not even
know each other. They are from different families and
backgrounds. An Arab and a non-Arab, an Asian and African,
when they are legally married they become so devoted and
attached to each other that their love becomes such that they
do not leave other until death. The relationship that is
developed as a result of Nikah is not temporary or brief,
rather it is long lasting and permanent.

More Benefits of Nikah at a Glance

There are many benefits of Nikah and some of them are being
mentioned here:
1. Nikah safeguards a persons eyes, protects their
chastity and saves a person from a multitude of sins.

2. Performing Nikah ensures that one acts upon a
blessed Sunnah of RasoolAllah .

3. Pious children will benefit a person in this world and
the hereafter.

4. Pious children born as a result of Nikah can be used to
strengthen and reinforce the Islamic community.

5. Having children enables one to act upon the blessed
Sunnahs of RasoolAllah which concern children.

6. Having children ensures that the laws of Allah Taala
and RasoolAllah concerning children can be acted
upon.

7. When a person becomes old and weak, the children
become a means of help and support.

8. The passion and desire to work hard and earn money
is instilled in a person in order to provide for a wife
and children.


21
9. Society looks at a person with respect as a result of
being a family man.

10. If a child dies in infancy it will intercede for the
parents.

11. A pious wife is a true companion in all situations.
Secrets can be shared with her and she is a great
support in times of difficulty.

12. There is nothing comparable to the closeness (physical
and psychological) that a husband and wife have.
(Sharhey Sahih Muslim Summary by Allama Gulam Rasool
Saeedi)

Which Women Are Not Permissible to Marry?

The Almighty Lord of all the worlds states:

And do not marry the women who were wedded to your
fathers (and grand fathers), except what has already passed;
that is indeed an act of shame and great wrong; and an evil
way. (Surah Nisaa Verse 22)

In the following verse Allah Azzawajalla states:


22

Forbidden for you are your mothers, and your daughters,
and your sisters, and your fathers sisters, and your mothers
sisters, and your brothers daughters and your sisters
daughters, and your foster-mothers (who breastfed you), and
their daughters (your foster-sisters), and your wives
mothers (mothers-in-law), and your wives daughters who
are under your protection - born of the women with whom
you have cohabited; and if you have not cohabited with
them, then it is no sin for you to marry their daughters; and
(forbidden are) the wives of your own sons (and foster sons
and grandsons) and the keeping of two sisters together in
marriage, except what has already passed; indeed Allah is
Oft Forgiving, Most Merciful. And all married women are
forbidden for you except the wives of disbelievers who
come into your possession as bondwomen; this is Allahs
decree for you; and other than these, all women are lawful
for you so that you seek them in exchange of your wealth in
proper wedlock, not adultery; therefore give the women you
wish to marry, their appointed bridal money; and after the
appointment (of bridal money) there is no sin on you if you
come to a mutual agreement; indeed Allah is All Knowing,
Wise. (Surah Nisaa Verse 23-24)

At another point Allah Azzawajalla states:


23

And do not marry polytheist women until they become
Muslims; for undoubtedly a Muslim bondwoman is better
than a polytheist woman, although you may like her; and do
not give your women in marriage to polytheist men until
they accept faith; for undoubtedly a Muslim slave is better
than a polytheist, although you may like him; they invite
you towards the fire; and Allah invites towards Paradise and
forgiveness by His command; and explains His verses to
mankind so that they may accept guidance. (Surah Baqarah
Verse 221)

There are certain women whom it is unlawful to marry and
there are certain reasons why it is not allowed to marry them.
There are nine types of women it is not allowed to marry for
various reasons.

First Type: Those women who are unlawful due to a close
relationship with them and there are seven categories
Mother, daughter, sister, paternal aunt, maternal aunt,
paternal niece (brothers daughter), maternal niece (sisters
daughter).

Mother means the woman whose child you are either directly
or indirectly. As well as the birth mother, this category also
includes grandmothers (maternal and paternal) and great
grandmothers etc. Regardless of how many generations up
you go they are all unlawful to marry as they are either your
own mother or the mother of your parents, grandparents etc.

Daughter means those women who are his offspring meaning
daughter, grand-daughter, great grand-daughter (paternal
and maternal) regardless of how many generations removed
she is as she is considered a daughter.


24
Point: The aunts of the parents and grandparents are also
classed as aunts and therefore it is also unlawful to marry
them.

Point: Nieces means brothers or sisters daughters. Their
granddaughters are also included in this and are also
unlawful to marry.

Point: Daughters, granddaughters, sisters, nieces born as a
result of adultery are also classed as unlawful to marry.
(Hidaya etc)

Second Type: The second group of women whom it is not
allowed to marry are those women who are related by
marriage meaning your wifes daughters, mother and
grandmothers. Also the wives and daughters of your father-
in-law and grandfathers-in-law etc.

Point: Having intimate relations with a woman comes under
the same rule as full sexual intercourse meaning if a man is
intimate with a woman her daughter also becomes unlawful
for him even if intercourse did not occur. (Radd-ul-Mukhtar,
Bahaar)

Point: If Nikah is performed with a woman but sexual
intercourse does not take place with her before divorcing then
her daughter is not unlawful. (Radd-ul-Mukhtar, Bahaar)

Point: Whether the intercourse is lawful (married) or unlawful
(adultery), in either case the rule is the same. (Hindiya, Radd-ul-
Mukhtar, Bahaar)

Point: Just as a womans daughter becomes unlawful if sexual
intercourse is performed with her, similarly, the daughter also
becomes unlawful if the mother is kissed or touched with lust,
or if her private parts are looked at with lust and desire
regardless of whether it was done intentionally,
unintentionally, by mistake or by force. The rule is the same in
all instances and that is that such a womans daughter is
unlawful to marry. (Hindiya, Durr-e-Mukhtar)


25
Point: A condition for a womans daughter to be unlawful is
that she must be of post pubescent age and must be alive. This
means that she must be over the age of nine and alive when
sexual touching takes place. If she is under nine or deceased
when sexual touching takes place then her daughter is not
unlawful to marry. (Durr-e-Mukhtar, Bahaar)

Point: If a man marries a woman and his son marries that
womans daughter from another husband then this is
permissible. Similarly, it is also permissible for this mans son
to marry the womans mother. (Hindiya, Bahaar)

Third Type: Those women who have a blood relationship
with each other which makes it unlawful for a man to be
married to them both at the same time. For example, if a man
marries a woman, her sister is now considered to be his sister
and therefore he cannot marry her at the same time. Similarly
he cannot marry his wifes aunt (maternal or paternal) as they
are his wifes aunts and his relationship with them is now
considered to be that of aunt and nephew. Therefore, they
cannot be wives at the same time and even if he was to
divorce his wife, he cannot marry the relations of his ex-wife
mentioned above until she has completed her Iddat
(probationary period). (Hidaya etc)

Point: The relationship between women (as mentioned above)
does not have to be blood relationships. If they are foster
sisters or foster aunts then they also cannot be married to at
the same time. (Hindiya, Bahaar)

Point: DONT UNDERSTAND THIS POINT. (Durr-e-Mukhtar,
Bahaar)

Fourth Type: Those women who are in your possession by
way of slavery like slave-girls regardless of whether she is
solely in your possession or jointly owned by someone else.
However, latter day Scholars state that Nikah should be
performed with them to be on the safe side but this does not

26
mean the usual Nikah with Mehr and divorce allowances.
(Hidaya, Bahaar)

Point: A woman cannot get married to her (male) slave
regardless of whether she owns him outright or in partnership
with someone else. (Hidaya, Durr-e-Mukhtar, Bahaar)

Fifth Type: Those women with whom Nikah is forbidden as
a result of polytheism (shirk).

Point: A Muslim cannot get married to a fire worshipper, idol
worshipper, sun worshipper or star worshipper etc. Rather, a
Muslim cannot get married to any infidel except one who
follows the book. (Fathul Qadeer, Bahaar etc)

Point: A Muslim can get married to a Jewish or Christian
woman. However, this should be avoided as it opens the door
to many evils. (Hidaya, Aalamgiri)

However, this is only valid if they are firm on their religion. If
they are merely Jewish or Christian by name and in reality
are atheist as is very common nowadays then it is not
permissible to marry them nor is their slaughtered meat
lawful which nowadays is not slaughtered correctly either.
(Bahar-e-Shariat)

Point: A Muslim woman cannot get married to anyone except
a Muslim man. (Hindiya, Bahaar)

Point: It is not possible for any Muslim man or woman to
marry an apostate (Murtad someone who leaves the folds of
Islam). (Khazaniya, Bahaar etc)

Point: If a married couple were kaafir and both became
Muslims then their original marriage is valid there is no need
for a new Nikah or marriage ceremony. If the man alone
becomes a Muslim and the woman is asked to accept Islam
and does so then she remains his wife. If she refuses to accept
Islam and remains an infidel then he should split up from her.
Similarly, is a woman accepts Islam first she should invite her
husband to accept Islam. If he accepts Islam before she has

27
three menstrual cycles then their original marriage is still
valid. If he does not accept Islam before three menstrual cycles
then the woman is free to marry whomever she wishes.
(Hidaya, Bahaar etc)

Sixth Type: Those slave girls with _____________ (NEED TO
GET EXPLANATION)

Point: (NO IDEA WHAT THIS MEANS)

Point: If Nikah is performed with a slave girl first and then
with a free woman, both marriages are valid. (Hindiya, Radd-ul-
Mukhtar, Bahaar)

Seventh Type: Those women who are unlawful as their
marriage to someone else have not yet been terminated.

Point: Nikah cannot be performed with the wife of someone
else. Even if she is in Iddat (waiting period) regardless of
whether the Iddat is as a result of divorce, death of the
husband, suspicion of marriage or an annulled marriage.
(Fathul Qadeer, Hidaya etc)

Point: It is possible for a man to marry a woman who is
pregnant as a result of adultery. If the (unborn) child is his
then he is allowed to have sexual intercourse with her also. If
the (unborn) child is not his then it is not permissible to have
sexual intercourse until after the child is born. (Durr-e-Mukhtar,
Bahaar)

Point: It is not possible to marry a woman who is pregnant
with a legitimate child whose genealogy (lineage) can be
proven. (Hindiya, Bahaar)

Eighth Type: Those women who are unlawful as a result of
already having the maximum number of wives.

Point: A free man is allowed to have a maximum of four
wives and a slave is allowed a maximum of two wives at any
one time. A free man is allowed authority on the number of

28
slave-girls or handmaids as there is no limit on them. (Durr-e-
Mukhtar, Bahaar)

Point: Muta (temporary marriage) is unlawful (Haram).
Similarly, if marriage (Nikah) is performed for a specific time
then it is not valid even if it is set for two hundred years.
(Durr-e-Mukhtar, Bahaar)

Ninth Type: Those women who are unlawful as a result of
the relationship of suckling (drinking their milk). (Qanoon-e-
Shariat)

Which Women Are Permissible to Marry?

Allah Taala states:

...and other than these, all women are lawful for you...
(Surah Nisaa Verse 24)

This verse means that other than the women mentioned in
verse 23 of Surah Nisaa, all other women are lawful and it is
permissible to marry them.

Allah Taala also states in the following verse:

And whoever among you does not have in marriage free,

believing women due to poverty, should marry from the
believing bondwomen you own... (Surah Nisaa Verse 25)

This verse means that those of you who do not have the
means or finances to marry a free Muslim woman should
marry a Muslim slave woman and this is not a matter of
shame.

29

Point: It is permissible for the person who has the means to
marry a free woman to also marry a slave girl. This point is
not made in this verse but is proven from the previous verse.

Point: It is also permissible to marry a slave girl from the
people of the Book but it is better and preferred to marry a
believer as is mentioned in the following verse:

...and likewise are the virtuous Muslim women and the
virtuous women from the people who received the Book(s)
before you when you give them their bridal money -
marrying them, not committing adultery nor as mistresses;
and whoever turns a disbeliever after being a Muslim, all
his deeds are wasted and he will be among the losers in the
Hereafter. (Surah Maidah Verse 5)

In relation to the above verse, Zia-ul-Ummah Hazrat Allama
Peer Karam Shah Azhari writes, According to some Scholars
it is only allowed to marry those women of the book who are
citizens of a Muslim country. It is not permissible to marry
women of the book who are citizens of Darul Harb (non-
Islamic state). According to Scholars of Hanafi Jurisprudence,
it is not unlawful (Haram) but is certainly disliked (Makrooh).
However, some Scholars have given permission to marry all
women of the book regardless of which country they are
citizens of. It should be noted that where the Quran here
states it is lawful, this does not mean that merely being a Jew
or Christian makes them lawful (for marriage). Rather, if
marriage to them will cause more evil or corruption then this
lawfulness is now negated. (Tafseer Zia-ul-Quran Vol 1 Page 443)


30
Huzoor Sadrush Shariah, Allama Mufti Amjad Ali writes, It is
possible that a Muslim man can marry Christian or Jewish
women but it should not be done as this opens the doors to
many evils. (Aalamgiri etc) This permissibility (of marrying
them) is only if they are firm on their Christian or Jewish faith.
If they are merely Jewish or Christian by name and in
reality are atheist as is very common nowadays then it is not
permissible to marry them nor is their slaughtered meat
lawful which nowadays is not slaughtered correctly either.
(Bahar-e-Shariat Vol 7 Page 17)

The Aim and Philosophy of Marriage

Allah Taala states:

Your women are a tillage for you; so come into your tillage
as you will; and first perform the deeds that benefit you; and
keep fearing Allah, and know well that you have to meet
Him; and O Beloved! Give glad tidings to the Muslims.
(Surah Baqarah Verse 223)

The whole aim and philosophy of marriage in Islam has been
explained in two words in this verse. The aim of marriage is
not merely to fulfil sexual desires; rather it is to produce
offspring. This is why you should choose pure and pious
wives for yourself because if you sow seeds in a waste land
and expect to get a good harvest then this is a hopeless and
futile effort. Just as a farmers happiness and success depends
on safeguarding, working and being sincerely attached to the
well-being of his field, similarly you must have a sincere and
loving relationship with your partner in life.

In the above verse the word Annaa (come into) signifies
sexual intercourse and no specific act or position is

31
mentioned, which means that you may perform this act as you
prefer. There is only one condition and that is that you may
only come into your tillage through the part of the body
which is specifically designated for it. This part of the verse
refuted two false practices. The Jews had insisted that only
one position was lawful for sexual intercourse whereas this
verse states that there is no specific position ordained but that
it was whatever you prefer. Additionally some vulgar people
would perform anal intercourse with their women. This is
forbidden as that is not the place designated for it. This (anal
intercourse) negates the aim of marriage and also has an
adverse effect on the health of the woman.

The words and first perform the deeds that benefit you are
very important and covers a vast area. This means that do not
merely be focused on fulfilling your (sexual) desires, rather,
remain busy in gathering good deeds for your future.
Additionally, seek children through marriage so that your
name remains alive and their good deeds will ensure that you
receive rewards for them even after you pass away. If you
waste your whole life fulfilling your desires and die then your
name also will die with you. Also, if you have children but do
not teach them properly, do not teach them Islamic manners
and etiquettes then they will remain ignorant (of Islamic
morals) and be vulgar, evil and have bad characters. If this is
the case, they may well remember you but the words they
remember you with will be such that it would have been
better if they would not have remembered you at all. If there
is a desire to have pious children then first of all seek a pious
wife who is able to be a pious, loving mother to your children.
All these reasons are stated in the words and first perform the
deeds that benefit you. (Zia-ul-Quran Vol 1 Pages 153-154)

Importance of Islam and Belief in Marriage

Allah Taala states:


32

And do not marry polytheist women until they become
Muslims; for undoubtedly a Muslim bondwoman is better
than a polytheist woman, although you may like her; and do
not give your women in marriage to polytheist men until
they accept faith; for undoubtedly a Muslim slave is better
than a polytheist, although you may like him; they invite
you towards the fire; and Allah invites towards Paradise and
forgiveness by His command; and explains His verses to
mankind so that they may accept guidance. (Surah Baqarah
Verse 221)

In this verse, Muslim men are ordered not to marry non
believing women even though they may be very attractive
and beautiful because the defect that they have in them
(infidelity and polytheism) is a very dangerous and
frightening defect. It is a fact based on experience that
companionship does indeed have an effect Good
companions breed good habits; evil companions breed evil
habits.

It is very apparent that if the man believes in the One true
Lord and the woman worships thousands of deities, then this
difference of opinion in terms of religion and beliefs will
naturally lead to conflict and disagreement. This conflict will
mean that their matrimonial relationship will not last but will
break very soon.

Avoid Marrying Adulterous Women

Allah Taala states:

33

_ .
. ,

The adulterer shall not marry except an adulteress or a
polytheist woman, and none shall marry an adulteress
except an adulterer or a polytheist; and this is forbidden for
the believers. (Surah Noor Verse 3)

In relation to the above verse, Sadrul Afaadil, Hazrat Syed
Allama Naeemuddin Muradabaadi states:

In the early days of Islam marrying an adulterous woman
was unlawful (Haram) but this order was later cancelled.
(Khaza-inul Irfan)

Hazrat Allama Peer Muhammad Karam Shah Azhari
mentions the events surrounding the revelation of the above
verse and then writes, These events show that adulterous
woman means one whose profession is adultery (prostitute).
No self respecting person would be prepared to accept such a
person as his wife. As far as an adulterer is concerned, it
means a man whose adultery is common knowledge and
known by all and he does not care at all about his reputation,
shame and honour. No believing woman would be willing to
accept such a man as her husband.

A few lines later he quotes the words of Allama Paani Pati and
writes, The verse means that as a result of his sinfulness and
impiety, an adulterer is not drawn towards marrying a pious,
obedient woman. Similarly, a pious man will not want to
marry an adulteress because a loving relationship requires
both parties to share similar morals, likes and desires. Where
there is a large difference in morals it will be almost
impossible to have a loving relationship. Therefore, in this
instance, the order to avoid marrying adulterers is literal. (Zia-
ul-Quran Vol 3 Pages 291-292)


34
It is not permissible to marry a prostitute before she repents.
Similarly, it is unjust and cruel to arrange the marriage of any
pious woman with an adulterer before he has reformed
himself and repented. (Zia-ul-Quran Vol 3 Pages 291-292)

Number of Wives

Allah Taala states:

, _

And if you fear that you will not be just towards orphan
girls, marry the women whom you like - two at a time, or
three or four; then if you fear that you cannot keep two
women equally then marry only one or the bondwomen you
own; this is closer to your not doing injustice. (Surah Nisaa
Verse 3)

Critics of Islam, especially the western world and even some
Muslims, who only consider those things acceptable and good
which their minds and intellect can understand, continuously
condemn the issue of the number of wives allowed in Islam.
In light of this it is very beneficial and appropriate to briefly
shed some light and present the reality on this issue.

1. This is not an order which is essential for every Muslim
to act upon. It is merely permission that is granted.
2. This permission is not merely granted without
conditions. Rather, very strict conditions have been
placed on the person who wishes to act upon this
permission.
3. All medical personnel (old and new) agree that the
nature of men differs from the nature of women.

35
4. Sexual desire in men is much higher than in women. The
obvious reason for this is that after sexual intercourse a
woman has to go through many delicate stages
becoming pregnant, delivering the child, breast-feeding
and caring for the child. All these stages keep her so busy
that her sexual appetite is diminished but men do not
have all these responsibilities.
5. More female than males are born in most countries.
Additionally hundreds and thousands of men are killed
in wars and battles and therefore the population of
women compared to men increases.
6. From the beginning of time, all those places that place a
limit on the number of wives to one, are in essence giving
permission to commit adultery. Even though this
abominable act creates countless evils it is not considered
a crime.
7. Is it more tolerable for a wife to accept another wife for
her husband or a mistress? Consider the mental, spiritual,
monetary and physical aspects of this.
8. Is it right for any self-respecting and honourable woman
to be the owner of a home and have a husband who is
responsible for her well-being and safety and that her
children are considered legitimate and she is considered
respectful in society? Or should she display her beauty to
all who will look but no one is willing to neither be the
father of her children nor take on any other
responsibilities?
9. In spite of all their scientific successes, are Europe and
America not alarmed at the increasing number of
illegitimate children being born and unwed mothers?
(According to a U.N. report, in some European countries,
the number of illegitimate children born is as high as 70%
of all births). They have publically started stating that
there is no way out of this predicament without

36
following the laws of the Quran. (Zia-ul-Quran Vol 1 Pages
317-318)

Walima and Wedding Feast

Bukhari and Muslim both report a Hadith narrated by Hazrat
Anas who states that RasoolAllah saw a yellow mark
(of perfume) on the clothes of Hazrat Abdur-Rahman bin Auf
and asked, What is this? (Meaning this kind of mark
should not be on a mans clothes, how did this happen?) He
replied, I have married a woman (this colour came off her
clothes onto mine). RasoolAllah said, May Allah Taala
shower His blessings on you. Give a wedding feast (Walima)
even if it is with one goat. (Bukhari Shareef Hadith 6386, Muslim
Shareef Hadith 3556)

Bukhari and Muslim report a Hadith narrated by Hazrat Anas
who states that RasoolAllah did not give a better
wedding banquet (Walima) on marrying any of his wives than
the one he gave on marrying Hazrat Zainab and that
consisted of one goat. (Bukhari Shareef Hadith 4168)
This means that this was the biggest Walima because it
consisted of all the meat of one goat.

Another Hadith reported in Bukhari Shareef and again
narrated by Hazrat Anas states that after the
consummation of the marriage with Hazrat Zainab binte
Jahash , the feast was such that everyone ate until they
were full. (Bukhari Shareef Hadith 4794)

Hazrat Anas narrates that on the way back from Khaibar
we camped between Khaibar and Madinah for three days.
RasoolAllah consummated his marriage with Hazrat
Safiyya . I went and called the Muslims to the wedding
feast. There was no meat or bread. RasoolAllah ordered
us to lay down the table cloth and placed dates, cheese and
butter-oil (Ghee) on it. (Bukhari Shareef Hadith 4213)


37
Imam Tirmidhi (Hadith 1118), Abu Dawood (Hadith 3746) and
Ibne Majah (Hadith 1984) all report that the wedding feats of
Hazrat Safiyya consisted of dates and a barley beverage
(sattoo).

It is reported in Sahih Bukhari and Muslim that Hazrat
Abdullah bin Umar narrated that RasoolAllah said,
When a person is invited to a wedding feast (Walima), he
should attend. (Bukhari Shareef Hadith 5173)

Points of Jurisprudence (Fiqh)

Sadrush Shariah, Hazrat Allama Amjad Ali writes,
Organising a wedding feast (Walima) is Sunnah. Walima is to
invite family, friends and neighbours on the morning after
consummation of the marriage and organising a feast for them
(according to your means). To slaughter an animal and have
food prepared is permissible. Those who are invited should
attend as attending will be a means of happiness for the
bridegroom.

Is it Sunnah or Wajib to attend a Walima if invited? Both
answers have been given by Scholars. On the face of it, it
appears as though accepting the invitation is Sunnat-e-
Muakkidah. Other than a Walima, it is also preferred to
accept and attend other invitations that you receive. And if
you are not Fasting, it is better to eat at the feast that you are
invited to as that is a way of sharing in a Muslim brothers
happiness and pleasing him. If a person is Fasting, he should
still attend and supplicate (make dua) for the host. The order
is the same for a wedding feast in that if a person is not
Fasting he should eat otherwise he should attend and
supplicate for the host. (Aalamgiri)

Point: The order and rules that have been mentioned
regarding invitation to a Walima are for those Walimas where
the aim is to act upon a Sunnah. Where the ain (of the host) is
to show off his wealth or have people sing his praises, as is

38
very common nowadays, it is not better to attend such feast
and Scholars should especially avoid such functions. (Radd-ul-
Mukhtar)

Point: It is Sunnah to attend a feast when it is known that
there will be no music, singing and dancing etc taking place
there. If it becomes knows that these improper things will take
place then one should not attend. If one reaches a feast and
then realises or finds out that these meaningless things are
taking place then one should leave and return home. If there is
another place in the home or building where this (music,
singing etc) is not taking place then one can sit there and eat.
If you can stop the music and dance then you should do so
and if you do not have the power or authority to stop it then
you should be patient. This is as long as you are not a
religious leader, like a Scholar, Shaikh etc. If a Scholar or
Shaikh is not able to stop them then they should not stay they
and remain patient, they should not eat and should
immediately leave. If it is known beforehand that these things
will take place then it is not permissible for anyone (Scholars
or common people) to attend even if the music etc is in a
different part of the house or building. (Hidaya, Durr-e-Mukhtar)

Point: If a person knows that by leaving (the feast) the singing
and dancing will stop then he should leave with the intention
that this violation of the Shariah will stop. If he realises that by
not attending the people will be guided and realise that these
things should not be happening and if these things are present
such and such a person will not attend then it is essential for
him not to attend so that people will be warned and will not
arrange such things at their functions. (Aalamgiri)

Point: A wedding feast (Walima) is only given on the day
after consummation or one day after that meaning it is only
arranged on these two days after which the wedding and
Walima are over. (Bahar-e-Shariat)

Some Wedding Customs

39

Marriage and Nikah are very easy in Islam. However, the
insistence of useless traditions and customs has made this
Sunnah difficult to act upon. As a result of this new evils are
born every day and people are becoming embroiled in sins.
We are mentioning some of the baseless traditions taken from
Sunni Baheshti Zewar by Allama Mufti Khalil Ahmed Qadri.

Delaying or Putting Off Weddings

If a girl is of age and suitable relations (for marriage) are
available but there is no money to fulfil all the traditions and
customs then ignore the customs. Arrange the marriage of the
girl and be free of this burden and close the door of trials and
tribulations. Years are wasted in trying to borrow or beg
money in order to fulfil family traditions or arrange a lavish
wedding in order to satisfy the family or community. The
result is that the girls health suffers, her youth is lost, the fire
in her heart is extinguished and all kinds of false accusations
and rumours are directed towards her.

RasoolAllah said, When such a person sends a proposal
(for marriage) whose character and religious qualities you like
then arrange the marriage. If you do not then great trials and
tribulations will spread on the earth. (Tirmidhi Shareef Hadith
1107)

In another Hadith he states, Do not delay three things
Performing Salah once it is time, burying the deceased when
the body is present and marriage when a suitable relationship
is found. (Tirmidhi Shareef Hadith 171)

Borrowing Money

If there is a genuine need there is nothing wrong in borrowing
money as long as it can be paid back easily. However, some
people take loans merely for the fact that they need the money
in order to fulfil all the traditions and customs. If money is not
borrowed and these traditions are not carried out then our

40
family name will be tainted. In short, these baseless customs
are used as reasons for borrowing money or taking a loan.

Who is going to lend money to a poor person? When this is
not available they take a loan on interest which is easily
available. However, just as taking interest is unlawful it is also
unlawful to pay interest. Both the payer and receiver of
interest have been cursed in Hadith. This interest bearing loan
will ensure that you are able to carry out the traditions and
customs but you do not realise that you have opposed the
Shariah and purchased the curse of Allah Taala and
RasoolAllah and the result of it will be ruination in this
world and disgrace in the hereafter. If the land or possessions
that were earned by your forefathers was given as collateral to
get a loan, the interest will drown their hard earned efforts or
if you have used your home as collateral for the loan, the
wave of interest will wash your house away. The land will be
auctioned off, the house is now in the possession of the person
you borrowed money from and now you are wandering
around aimlessly with no idea where you will live or what
you will eat.

No matter where you look you will find many examples of
Muslims lands and possessions being swallowed up by
interest because of this unnecessary spending. Then the harsh
words of the person who loaned you the money that you
could not pay back completely destroys any respect or honour
that you had left. We see all this before our eyes but do not
take heed from it. Our eyes do not open and Muslims do not
stop this extravagant and needless spending. The ill-effects of
the burden of needless spending is not limited to this world
but the pain in the hereafter is in addition to the pain in this
world. May Allah Taala safeguard and protect us all,
Aameen.

Drums, Entertainment, Singing


41
There is a custom in illiterate homes for the ladies of the house
or neighbourhood gathering and singing songs at weddings.
This is impermissible as firstly it is unlawful to beat a drum,
and then for women to sing. Having their voices reach non-
permissible males and that too in the form of songs talking
about love and romance. The women do not even like to raise
their voices in their own homes and consider it a great and
evil sin if their voices are heard outside their homes also join
in on such occasions. This means that according to them
singing songs is not evil or wrong. They do not care how far
their voices reach when they sing and beat drums as they do
not consider it wrong or forbidden at all.

Additionally, teenage girls are also present during this singing
and merriment. Singing these kinds of verses will ignite their
passions and have a very detrimental effect on their characters
and habits. These are not things that need to be explained or
need proofs to be presented. Another evil thing that has made
its way into these unlawful traditions and has been learnt
from Hindus is the singing of insulting verses filled with
expletives and swears and accusing the in-laws of adultery
and immoral activities, laughing about it and making light of
it; especially for this cursed and shameless custom to be in a
gathering of ladies. Teaching these things to the unwed,
young girls present. And all the while shameless,
dishonourable and immodest men allow this to happen.
Sometimes they may suggest the women use less vulgar
words but they do not put a stop to it. These filthy, rejected
customs are the ones which are repeatedly cursed by Allah
Taala. Those who participate in them, those who enjoy them
and those who do not make a sincere effort to stop them are
all guilty of committing great sins and become deserving of
the wrath and punishment of Allah Taala. May Allah Taala
protect and may He guide all Muslims, Aameen.

Dancing and Music


42
Generally arrangements are made for dancing at weddings.
Singers, musicians and entertainers are called to the homes
and outside the home the men arrange gatherings with
shameless prostitutes or strippers or both places invite
eunuchs to entertain people. Not only is having females from
respectable homes at these gatherings, whether they are
single, married or widowed improper, it is obscene and
indecent. Females are like delicate glasses and the slightest
knock can destroy or break them and therefore such people
should never be allowed into the homes or gatherings. They
are used to shamelessness and will spread their poison whilst
they are entertaining you.

Just as these gatherings are like a poison for respectable
homes and respectable girls, similarly they are a means of
destruction and ruination for respectable men and youngsters.
Who is not aware of the shamelessness of prostitutes and
female entertainers? So when these shameless and
disrespectful women come into the gatherings wearing
revealing clothing, fluttering their eyes and singing and
dancing provocatively, what man does not stare at them
lustfully and listen attentively to all the words they are
singing? Men look at a non-permissible female and not only
look but they stare and this is adultery of the eyes. Listening
to her voice with full attention is adultery of the ears. Then
when she displays her shamelessness and comes close by the
man does not hesitate to talk provocatively or vulgarly with
her; this is adultery of the tongue. When she dances and
moves her body suggestively all kinds of thoughts are created
in the hearts of the men and this is adultery of the heart.
Sometimes a man gets so excited he touches the womans
body or tries to touch it or attempts to get close to her and this
is adultery of the hands and feet.

In short, these shameless gatherings where these kinds of
indecent acts take place are too numerous to mention. It is
through attending such gatherings that a number of

43
youngsters, especially those who have a rebellious streak and
have no-one to stop or discipline them, lose all sense of self-
control, are drawn towards the false attraction of the
prostitutes and dancers. They waste their wealth and earnings
and seek all their worldly pleasures through these street
women and prostitutes. The result is that they distance
themselves from their families and pure wives and purchase
their own destruction with their own hands. Even if by chance
a person is able to save himself from such a life, he will almost
certainly lose all sense of shame and respect. It has been seen
and heard about certain people that they not only attend these
gatherings themselves, rather they take wives and young sons
and daughters with them also. The level of disgrace and
dishonour that this displays on the parents who attends such
gatherings with their children needs no explanation.

A worse thing than this is the fact that at the time of arranging
and fixing the marriage, in order to put on an air of fame and
distinction, the brides family insists that the grooms family
has to bring a musical band and dancers or they will not agree
to the marriage. They do not think that instead of wasting this
money it could be used by their daughter after she gets
married. They insist on it to attain temporary pleasure but do
not realise that they are crippling the finances of the home
where their daughter is going to spend the rest of her life. Her
(future) home is drowning in debt. The piling problems lead
to disagreements between the husband and wife which
escalate into arguments and eventually separation and
divorce. Is this arranging a marriage or ruining a home? There
is no doubt that this is a day of great happiness which has
arrived after a long wait. Undoubtedly you should express
happiness but exceeding the limits and going against Islam
and its laws is not what people with intelligence and
knowledge do. Do things which will bring success in this
world and illuminate your hereafter and that is to do things
which will please Allah Taala and His Beloved Prophet and

44
holding firmly onto the Shariah and always staying away
from unlawful desires that you may have.

A cause of great sadness and distress is the fact that some
people are so bold in their shamelessness that if there is no
singing and dancing at a wedding they compare it to a sad
occasion like a funeral. They are completely unaware of some
important issues. First of all singing and dancing is a sin and
against the Shariah. Secondly if a person organises it or does
not stop it (if he has the power and authority) then not only do
all the people performing and watching get sins, but the host
get sins equal to the sins that all the participants get because if
he had not arranged it then none of the others would be
involved in these shameless and vulgar acts. May Allah Taala
guide all us Muslims and safeguard and protect us all,
Aameen.

It is essential for Muslims to not attend those wedding where
these kinds of illegal activities are taking place. If you attend
unknowingly, then as soon as you realise what is happening
or what is planned, then it is imperative for all Muslim men
and women to immediately leave that function with all your
family members otherwise they will be a part of that gathering
and will be faced with the wrath of Allah Taala.

Film Songs and Music

Another evil that has infiltrated our society nowadays is the
sound of music and film songs coming from homes. When
music gatherings were held in homes the sound would only
be heard in and around the house where it was being played.
However, nowadays the situation with recordings of film
songs is that the sound can be heard hundreds of feet away.
Film songs, by their very nature, are like poison for
youngsters and are an extreme irritant and annoyance for
elders. People do not realise the passions and desires it creates
in youngsters when they are played at full volume, the hurt
and displeasure it causes elders or the pain and sadness it

45
inflicts on the sick and disheartened. They have no fear of
Allah Taala and His Beloved nor do they care about
being seized on the Day of Judgement. An even greater
tragedy if the fact that these people pay no attention to the
Adhaan or Salah or congregational Prayers. They are lost in
their intoxication. They are busy in fulfilling their unlawful
desires and wasting their time and money. They are oblivious
to the world and what it contains and on the basis of their
disobedience of Allah Taala and His Beloved Prophet
they are embroiled in the punishment of Allah Taala.
However, they do not even realise and have no shame or fear
of having to face Allah Taala and His Beloved . If
someone tries to stop them or asks them to stop they insult
and abuse that person and make him the target for their jokes
and ridicule.

Fireworks

It is becoming extremely popular at weddings especially, and
also on blessed nights like Shab-e-Baraat, to let off fireworks.
Clothes get burnt, bodies get burnt, homes are burnt and
property gets damaged. Children, youngsters and elders are
wounded and hurt. All this is acceptable and the only thing
that is not acceptable is to end and stop this useless tradition
even though it is unlawful and prohibited because it is a waste
of money as well as being dangerous. Many verse of the
Quran mention that the person who wastes money is a
brother of shaitaan. Allah Taala states:

Indeed those who needlessly waste are brothers of the
devils; and the devil is very ungrateful to his Lord.
(Surah Bani Israel Verse 27)

What can be more disgraceful for a person than the fact that
he is compared to shaitaan and is called a friend of shaitaan?

46
This is a perfect example of ruining your own home with your
own hands.

My friends! Allah Taala has given you Islam, granted you
wisdom and sense along with wealth in order to spend it in
obedience and worship. Spend it (lawfully) where needed and
be grateful to the Lord. If this wealth is spent needlessly and
in disobedience of Allah Taala then ask yourself, Is a person
who spends his money on wrong things not being ungrateful
to Allah Taala and is he not a brother and friend of shaitaan?
Undoubtedly your answer will be Yes he is. Then for the
sake of momentary pleasure, pride, happiness and praise why
are you not able to bring to an end this needless spending and
wasting of wealth and time when you can see the ill effects of
it with your own eyes? Open your eyes and fear Allah Taala
and His Beloved . If the mothers and elder ladies of the
homes become determined to obey the laws of Allah Taala
and His Beloved and strictly and firmly stop their
youngsters from these kinds of needless and wasteful
spending then they will all find obtain goodness in this world
and the Hereafter.

Carrying out these innovations and wasteful spending on
Shab-e-Baraat and other significant nights by wasting money
and giving money to children to waste, as is becoming very
common, is an even greater evil and greater sin. May Allah
Taala guide us all, Aameen.

Mehr... Rules and Regulations

No religion, other than Islam, establishes Mehr (Dowry) that
must be given at the time of Nikah. The advantage of Mehr is
that if a husband divorces his wife then she will have money
with which to survive until she remarries or finds another
source of income. Islam has strictly ordered its followers to
fulfil their duty and give Mehr to their wives. To this end,
Allah Taala states:


47

...and other than these, all women are lawful for you so that
you seek them in exchange of your wealth in proper
wedlock, not adultery; therefore give the women you wish
to marry, their appointed bridal money; and after the
appointment (of bridal money) there is no sin on you if you
come to a mutual agreement; indeed Allah is All Knowing,
Wise. (Surah Nisaa Verses 23-24) Its only part of verse 24

From this verse we realise the following things:
1. Mehr is an essential part of Nikah.
2. If Mehr is not fixed it is still compulsory to pay it.
3. Mehr must be monetary or an asset. It cannot be in the
form of providing service or knowledge etc.
4. Hazrat Jaabir and Hazrat Ali narrate that the least
amount of Mehr is 10 Dirhams, it cannot be less than that.
(Khaza-inul Irfan)

Display Happiness When Giving Mehr

Allah Taala states in the Holy Quran:

And give the women their bridal money willingly...

(Surah Nisaa Verse 4)

Where this verse makes clear that Mehr should be given
willingly and happily, it also clearly states that it is women
who are deserving of Mehr and not their guardians. If the

48
guardians have accepted the Mehr it is their duty to give it to
those who are the rightful owners of it and that is the women.

Be Generous In Giving Mehr

Allah Taala states:

...or he in whose hand is the marriage tie, pays more; and O
men, your paying more is closer to piety; and do not forget
the favours to each other; indeed Allah is seeing what you
do. (Surah Baqarah Verse 237)

Do Not Take Mehr Back

The Lord of the worlds, Allah Azzawajalla states:

,

And if you wish to change one wife for another and you
have given her heaps of treasure, do not take back anything
from it; will you take it back by slander and open sin? And
how will you take it back whereas you have become
unveiled before each other, and they have taken a strong
pledge from you? (Surah Nisaa Verses 20-21)

A number of things are made clear from these verses. The first
is that if a man wishes to divorce his first wife and marry
another then even if he has given his first wife a large amount

49
of wealth and possessions he should not take them back as the
divorce is his decision.

Secondly, this verse is proof that it is permissible to fix a large
Mehr. Hazrat Umar was once on the pulpit and said, Do
not fix large or excessive Mehr. A lady stood up and recited
the above verse and said, O Ibne Khattab! Allah Taala gives
us and you forbid it? Upon hearing this Ameer-ul-
Momineen Hazrat Umar said, O Umar! All people have
more knowledge than Umar, even the old lady. Fix whatever
you desire. (Khaza-inul Irfan)

Thirdly, this verse opposes the habit of ignorant men who
would slander and lie about their existing wives if they liked
someone else so that they would become distressed and give
back whatever he had given her. This act has been forbidden
in this verse and it has been called a great lie and a sin.

Women Have the Right to Forgive Mehr

If any guardian of a woman wants to forgive the Mehr they
are not able to do so. The only person with the authority and
power to forgive the Mehr is the woman herself as is
mentioned by Allah Taala in the Quran when He states
unless the women forgo some of it.

Issue: A woman has the authority to gift part or all of the
Mehr to her husband if she so desires. However, she must not
be forced or not treated well in order to pressure her to forgive
it as Allah Taala has stated that they willingly give you a
part of it.

Mehr Becomes Property of the Husband if
Forgiven

Allah Taala states,


50

'
'

...then if they willingly give you a part of it, eat (use) it with
joy and fruition. (Surah Nisaa Verse 4)

Mehr for Those Not Touched

Allah Taala states,

If you divorce them before you have touched them and
have appointed the bridal money, then payment of half of
what is agreed is ordained... (Surah Baqarah Verse 237)

Give Them Something if Mehr is Not Fixed

Allah Taala states,

_ .
_ .

There is no sin upon you if you divorce women while you
have not touched them or appointed their bridal money; and
give them some provision; the rich according to their means,
and the poor according to their means; a fair provision
according to custom; this is a duty upon the virtuous. (Surah
Baqarah Verse 236)

Sadrul Afaadil, Hazrat Allama Syed Naeemuddin
Muradabaadi writes, This verse was revealed in reference to
an Ansari who married a woman from the tribe of Banu
Hanifa but did not fix any Mehr and then divorced her before
touching her.


51
Issue: From this we learn that if Mehr is not fixed and a
woman is divorced before she is touched then it is not
compulsory to pay Mehr and touched here means sexual
intercourse. We also realise that Nikah performed without
agreeing to an amount of Mehr is also valid but it should be
agreed to and fixed after the Nikah. If sexual intercourse is
performed without agreeing to the amount of Mehr then it is
essential to give what is normal for a person of similar status
and wealth to give.

In terms of the words some provision he writes, It is
compulsory (Wajib) to give one pair of clothes (three pieces of
clothing) to those woman whose Mehr has not been fixed and
are divorced before they are touched but giving more than
that is better and more preferred. (Madarik, Khaza-inul Irfan)

Proof of Mehr in Ahadith

Hazrat Anas bin Malik states that Hazrat Abdullah bin
Auf married a lady from the Ansaar. RasoolAllah
asked him, How much Mehr did you fix? He replied, Gold
equivalent to a date stone. RasoolAllah said, Give a
wedding feast (Walima) even if it is with only one goat.
(Bukhari Shareef Hadith 6386, Muslim Shareef Hadith 3556)

Hazrat Sahal bin Sad Al-Saadi reports that a lady came to
RasoolAllah and said, Ya RasoolAllah ! I have come
to you granting myself to you (you may contract my marriage
with anyone at your discretion. RasoolAllah looked up
at her and then looked back down and then lowered his head.
When the lady realised that he did not make any decision
with regards to her, she sat down. One of the companions
stood up and said, If you have no need for her then arrange
my marriage with her. RasoolAllah asked, Do you have
anything? He replied that he did not. RasoolAllah said,
Go to your home and maybe you will find something. He
left and came back and said, By Allah! I have nothing to
give. RasoolAllah said, Go and look again. Even if it is a

52
ring made of iron. He left and returned and said, By Allah! I
do not even have a ring made of iron. The only thing I have is
this Tehband (lower garment). RasoolAllah asked,
What will she do with your Tehband? If you wear it she will
have nothing and if she wears it you will have nothing. The
companion sat down and said nothing. After some time when
he saw that the companion was leaving RasoolAllah
asked for him to be called back. When he returned
RasoolAllah said, Do you know any of the Quran? He
thought for a moment and then replied, I know such and
such Surahs of the Quran (and counted them off). He was
asked, Do you know those Surahs off by heart? He replied
that he did. RasoolAllah said, I have married you with
her as long as you teach her the Surahs that you memorised
from the Quran. (Sahih Bukhari and Muslim)

The commentator of Sahih Muslim Shareef, Hazrat Allama
Gulam Rasool Saeedi quotes the words of Imam Noowi
when explaining this Hadith and writes, This Hadith proves
that it is allowed to make teaching of the Quran Mehr when
arranging a marriage. Both are permissible according to Imam
Shafi and Imam Malik. Qazi Ayaz writes that taking payment
for teaching the Quran is allowed according to all jurists
except for Imam Abu Hanifa.

Imam Tahtawi states that RasoolAllah did not fix the
teaching of the Quran as Mehr but it was on the basis of him
knowing some of the Quran that he gave her in marriage to
him as the Quran is one of the signs of Islam. Allama Ainee
states that making teaching the Quran Mehr is specific to
RasoolAllah . (Summary of Sharhey Sahih Muslim by Allama
Gulam Rasool Saeedi)

Hazrat Suhail bin Sunaan narrates that RasoolAllah
said, The person who fixes an amount of Mehr for a woman
and Allah Taala knows that he has no intention of paying that
Mehr. He has made that woman lawful to himself by
deceiving and cheating her. Such a person will face Allah

53
Taala on the Day of Judgment as an adulterer. The person
who borrows money from someone and Allah Taala knows
he has no intention of paying it back. By Allah! He has
deceived that person and has made that money lawful to
himself by deceit. On the Day of Judgement he will face Allah
Taala as a thief. (Masnad Imam Ahmed Vol 2 Page 332)

Mehr of the Blessed Wives of RasoolAllah

Hazrat Abu Salma bin Abdur Rahman states that he asked
Hazrat Aisha Siddiqua how much Mehr RasoolAllah
used to fix. She replied, The Mehr paid to his wives was
twelve ounces and one nash. She asked, Do you know what
nash is? He replied that he did not. She said, A nash is half
an ounce (and one ounce equals 40 Dirhams) and therefore
this amounts to five hundred Dirhams and this was the Mehr
given by RasoolAllah to his blessed wives. (Muslim Shareef,
Ibne Majah)

Hazrat Umme Habiba states that she was first married to
Obaidullah bin Jahash and he died in Ethiopia. Then the
Negus (of Ethiopia) arranged her marriage to RasoolAllah
. The Mehr was fixed at four thousands Dirhams and she was
then sent to RasoolAllah with Sharhabeel bin Husna.
(Sunan Abu Dawood)

Hazrat Aisha Siddiqua states that, RasoolAllah
married me in exchange for household goods and the value of
the goods was forty Dirhams. (Muajam Ausat)

Hazrat Anas narrates that RasoolAllah married
Hazrat Umme Salma in exchange for household good
whose value was ten Dirhams. (Muajam Kabeer)

Mehr of the Blessed Daughters of RasoolAllah

Imam Abu Isa Muhammad bin Isa Tirmidhi narrates:

54
Hazrat Umar bin Khattab states, Listen! Do not fix
excessive Mehr because if there was respect in this world for it
or it was more pious in the Sight of Allah Taala then
RasoolAllah is the most deserving of being excessive in
setting Mehr. According to my knowledge he did not fix the
Mehr of any of his wives or daughters at more than twelve
ounces.

Imam Abu Isa Tirmidhi states that this Hadith is sound and
authentic (Hasan Sahih) and that twelve ounces is the
equivalent of 480 Dirhams.

Clarification: Hazrat Aisha Siddiqua mentioned 500
Dirhams and Hazrat Umars stated amount is also about
the same amount. Additionally, the Mehr of Hazrat Umme
Habiba , which was 4000 Dirhams, was not fixed by
RasoolAllah but was fixed by Negus, the ruler of
Ethiopia, and therefore there are no contradictions in the
different Ahadith.

Hazrat Mujahid writes that Hazrat Ali bin Abu Talib
narrates, RasoolAllah had given me some armour. In
exchange for this he arranged my marriage to Hazrat Fatimah
and told me to send the armour to (Hazrat) Fatimah
which I did. By Allah! The value of it was a little over 400
Dirhams.

Details of the Mehr of the Blessed Wives and
Daughters

Hazrat Umme Habiba 4000 Dirhams (equivalent to
14472 grams of silver / 1052 tolas).
Hazrat Aisha Siddiqua 40 Dirhams (equivalent to
122.472 grams of silver / 10.5 tolas).
Hazrat Umme Salma 10 Dirhams (equivalent to 30.618
grams of silver / 2.625 tolas).

55
Other Blessed Wives 500 Dirhams (equivalent to 1509 grams
of silver / 131.5 tolas).
Sayyedah Fatimah Zahra 400 Dirhams (equivalent to
1224.72 grams of silver / 105 tolas).
Other Blessed Daughters 480 Dirhams (equivalent to 1736.64
grams of silver / 126 tolas).

Muhaqqiq-e-Masaail-e-Jadeedah, Hazrat Allama Mufti
Muhammad Nizamuddin Razvi Saheb (Department Head,
Jamia Ashrafiya, Mubarakpur) stated in response to a
question that, 10 Dirhams is the equivalent of 32.459 grams.
When paying Mehr determine the current value of silver and
fulfil the equivalent amount.

References:

Quran Shareef
Kanzul Iman, Imam Ahmed Raza Khan
Khaza-inul Irfan, Allama Syed Naeemuddin Muradabaadi
Zia-ul-Quran, Allama Peer Muhammed Karam Shah Azhari
Bahar-e-Shariat, Hazrat Sadrush Shariah Allama Amjad Ali
Sharhey Sahih Muslim, Allama Gulam Rasool Saeedi
Qanoon-e-Shariat, Mufti Shamsuddin Junpuri
Sunni Baheshti Zewar, Allama Khaleel Ahmed Barkati

56
SUNNI DAWAT E ISLAMI
Aims and Objectives

Bringing people closer to the Quran and Rasool
Allah
Reformation of faith and deeds.
Strive & struggle to act upon the teachings of the
Quran and the Blessed Sunnahs of Sayyedina
Rasool Allah
Populate and keep the Mosques full through
Salaah.
Tackling and finding a solution for the increasing
non-performance of religious duties.
Creating awareness of the requirements of the
religion of Islam
Loving the young, respecting the elders, and
serving humanity.
Eliminating illiteracy and ignorance through
education and reformation of characters.

To establish branches of Sunni Dawat e Islami in your
area, please contact the worldwide headquarters. Join in
the weekly gatherings (Ijtemas) every Saturday after
Isha Salaah at Markaz Ismail Habib Mosque.

SUNNI DAWAT E ISLAMI
Ismail Habib Masjid
126, Kambekar Street, Mumbai
400 003 (India)

E-mail : info@sunnidawateislami.net
Website: www.sunnidawateislami.net

Islamic Concept of Nikah (English)

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Islamic Concept of Nikah (English)

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Assalato Wasallaamo Alaika Yaa Rasool Allah

Wa Alaa Aalika Wa As Haabika Yaa Noor Allah

And whoever among you does not have in marriage free,

And give the women their bridal money willingly...

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen