Genetics

Inheritance Based on the work of Gregor Mendel (1822-1884), an Austrian monk. Studied different traits (characteristics) in peas from one generation to the next. Showed traits are controlled by 2 factors - genes. 1 gene comes from 1 male, 1 gene comes from female. If male and female genes are identical they are called homozygous. If male and female genes have some differences they are called heterozygous.
Wednesday, May 15, 13

Genetics
Inheritance Based on the work of Gregor Mendel (1822-1884), an Austrian monk. Studied different traits (characteristics) in peas from one generation to the next. Showed traits are controlled by 2 factors - genes. 1 gene comes from 1 male, 1 gene comes from female. If male and female genes are identical they are called homozygous. If male and female genes have some differences they are called heterozygous.
Wednesday, May 15, 13

Genetics
Inheritance Meiosis produces 4 haploid sex cells 1 male sperm cell fertilises 1 female egg cell, producing diploid offspring The trait shown by the offspring depends on the strength of the gene from each parent A strong gene is called a dominant gene A weak gene is called a recessive gene A trait will be controlled by the dominant gene

Wednesday, May 15, 13

Genetics
Inheritance Meiosis produces 4 haploid sex cells 1 male sperm cell fertilises 1 female egg cell, producing diploid offspring The trait shown by the offspring depends on the strength of the gene from each parent A strong gene is called a dominant gene A weak gene is called a recessive gene A trait will be controlled by the dominant gene Dominant genes are written with capital letters Recessive genes are written with small letters

Wednesday, May 15, 13

Genetics
Inheritance The gene combination for a specic trait is called the genotype

Wednesday, May 15, 13

Genetics
Punnet Square Shows each possible result for the male/female, dominant/recessive genes for a particular trait Monohybrid Cross Crossing a yellow banana with a green banana Dominant gene for yellow, Y Recessive gene for yellow, y

If dominant gene present, banana will be yellow If ONLY recessive genes present, banana will be green

Wednesday, May 15, 13

Genetics
Monohybrid Cross
parents y y

Wednesday, May 15, 13

Genetics
Monohybrid Cross
parents y y

Yy

Wednesday, May 15, 13

Genetics
Monohybrid Cross
parents y y

Yy

Yy

Wednesday, May 15, 13

Genetics
Monohybrid Cross
parents y y

Yy

Yy

yy

Wednesday, May 15, 13

Genetics
Monohybrid Cross
parents y y

Yy

Yy

yy

yy

Wednesday, May 15, 13

Genetics
Monohybrid Cross 2 chances of offspring having Yy genotype - yellow 2 chances of offspring having yy genotype - green NOTE - this doesnt mean that 4 offspring are produced, it only shows the chance of one offspring having a particular genotype. In this case there are 2 chances of a dominant gene being present (yellow) and 2 chances of ONLY the recessive genes being present (green)

Wednesday, May 15, 13

Genetics
Monohybrid Cross - Question the gene for a black hair in a rat is B, the recessive gene is b (white). Create a Punnet square to show the chances of black to white in the offspring.

Wednesday, May 15, 13