Instructional Technology and Distance Education

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10 GUIDING PRINCIPLE OF ITDE

PRINCIPLES
Created by: Courtney L. Teague

10 Guide Principles for dummies Overview

Principle #1: Analyze your learners

Principle #2 Must have clear standards Principle #3 Learners must be engaged and motivated Principle #4 Should incorporate Web 2.0 tools into lesson design Principle #5 Select appropriate strategies technology, media, and
As technology changes, the needs and learning styles of learners change.

Principle #6 Must evaluate and revise Principle #7 Shall stay informed of new technologies Principle #8 Acknowledge the digital divide Principle #9 Not your right to steal Principle #10 Be Prepared and plan!

The information contained in this printed handout is to provide guiding principles to assist instructors, instructional designers, and students with integrating technology tools and techniques to advance student learning.

Principle #1 Analyze your learners

Learners learn different ways, styles, and times. Understanding and addressing the individual nature of each learner is important. This information will act as a guide during the design of the lesson (Smaldino, Lowther, & Russell, 2012).

Principle #2
Having stated goals are essential for the instructor. Begin with the end in mind. Ko & Rossen (2010) stated that learning objectives should be precise (p.57). The point is to express as clearly and plainly as possible what you want the learners to do and how you want them to apply. Goals must be specific, measurable, assignable, realistic, and time based S.M.A.R.T.

Must have clear standards

Principle #3 Must be engaged and motivated

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earners needs should be supported. If you know the purpose of the lesson, as Learners needs should be supported. If you know the purpose of the lesson, as Simonson says, it is okay to deemphasize the informative part of the instruction for more discovery of information. This will help keep learners engaged (Simonson, 2012, p. 159). Just because they are engaged doesnt mean they are motivated. A motivational plan should be implemented. The ARCS motivational model design stands for Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction. The model consists of a set categories of motivational concepts and strategies that are derived from the synthesis of the research on human motivation combined with a review of successful motivational practices (Keller, n.d.).

Instructional Technology and Distance Education

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Principle #4 Should incorporate Web 2.0 tools into lesson design

Blogs, wikis, podcasts, and social networks support critical thinking, active participation, collaborative learning, two way communication and social presence. However, if you should set norms and expectations prior to using Web 2.0 tools with your learners. (Usluel and Mazman, 2009). Blooms taxonomy of remembering, understanding, analyzing, evaluating, and creating can be addressed using Web 2.0 tools in the classroom ( Marotta, 2011).

Principle #5 Select appropriate strategies technology, media, and material

Technology, media, or materials should not be used just for the sake of using the latest . As Clark stated, it is the only the content of the vehicle can influence achievement (Clark, 2001, p. 2). Use materials and media that are accessible to the students.

Principle #6 Must evaluate and revise

It is no possible to know if the instructional plan is effective or how to revise strategies if you do not assess learner achievement as well as evaluate the instructor. The instructor also should be evaluated through one of the four basic types of instructor evaluation: self, student, peer a

Instructional Technology and Distance Education

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Principle #7 Stay informed of new technologies

Stay abreast on research and applications so you will not be a bandwagon jumper. Every new piece of technology is not compatible with existing software or other technologies (Ko & Rossen, 2010, p. 377).

Principle #8 Acknowledge the digital divide

Even though learners may have access to the Internet they may not understand how to use Internet resources. It is also important to note that not all learners have easy assess to resources and should be weary of placing an undue burden on the learners to participate in an educational experience beyond a normal school day (Simonson, et.al, 2012).

Principle #9 It is not your right to steal

Fair use of copyright material is only for the purposes such as criticism, comment, news, reporting, and teaching, (Simonson, et. al 2012, p. 297). The Copyright Act of 1976 contains civil and criminal sanctions and fines that range from $750 to $30,000 per infringement. (Smaldino, Lowther, & Russell, 2012, p. 13).

Principle #10
Planning is the key to effective instruction no matter the instructional delivery or what type of media is used. Planning ahead keeps you ahead of the curve (Dick & Carey, 2009 ). Using a systematic approach to instructional design such as the Dick & Carey model is a powerful tool for planning the lesson.

Be Prepared and plan!

Instructional Technology and Distance Education

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[Action research]. (n.d.). [Graphic]. Retrieved July 9, 2012 from http://elementaryeducation.wikispaces.com/Action+Research Clark, R. E. (Ed.). (2001). Learning from media: Arguments, analysis, and evidence. Greenwich, CT: Information Age. [Copyright Jail]. (n.d.). [ Copyright Jail photograph]. Retrieved July 23, 2012 from http://www.flickr.com/photos/expd/6749416139/ [Computer]. (n.d.). [Photograph]. Retrieved July 16, 2012 from http://www.sheknows.com/shopping/articles/804418/how-to-save money-when-shopping-for-a-newcomputer Dick, W., Carey, L., & Carey, J. O. (2009). The systematic design of instruction (7th ed.). New York, NY: Allyn & Bacon. [Digital divide]. (n.d.). [Graphic image]. Retrieved July 15, 2012 from http://lifeingreyms.blogspot.com/2011/10/new-understanding-of-digital-divide.html [Evaluate & adjust]. (n.d.). [Graphic image]. Retrieved July 17, 2012 from http://foodstorageandbeyond.com/category/food-storage/steps-to-success/step-7-evaluate-adjust/ [Goal]. (n.d.). [Graphic image]. Retrieved from July 8, 2012 from http://www.benbruno.com/2012/01/goals/ Jordan, B. (n.d.). The computing horsepower and form factor. Retrieved from http:// bulletblogbyjakee.blogspot.com/2010_09_01_archive.html Kellers, J. (n.d.). Kellers ARCS model of motivation. Retrieved from http:// www.arcsmodel.com/ Ko, S., & Rossen, S. (2010). Teaching online: A practical guide (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge. Marotta, M. (2011 November). [Blog]. Blogging with MESPA (and Blooms Taxonomy with Web 2.0). Retrieved July 6, 2012 from http://techdi.blogspot.com/2011/02/blogging-with-mespa.html Moore, M. G. (2005). Distance education: A systems view. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth. [Pencil]. (n.d.). [ Photograph]. Retrieved July 19, 2012 from http://tanmayatvam.blogspot.com/2012/01/what-i-learnt-from-pencil.html [Plan first]. (n.d.). [Graphic image]. Retrieved from July 9, 2012 from http://www.michigan.gov/mdch/0,1607,7-132--146295--,00.html 5

References

[Planning projects]. (n.d.). [Graphic image]. Retrieved July 19, 2012 from http://www.planonthenet.com/planning-projects.html Simonson, M., Smaldino, S., Albright, M., & Zvacek, S. (2009). Teaching and learning at a distance: foundations of distance education (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon. [Smart]. (n.d.). [Graphic image]. Retrieved from July 21, 2012 from https:// wikispaces.psu.edu/display/PSYCH484/6.+Goal+Setting+Theory Smaldino, S. E., Lowther, D. L., & Russell, J. D. (2012). Instructional technology and media for learning (10th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. The Lion King. [Video file]. (2007 April 3) Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/ mv=HZ6cw_MuTDE watch?

Usluel, Y., & Mazman, S. (2009). Adoption of Web 2.0 tools in distance education. International Journal of HumanSciences. Retrieved July 5, 2012 from http://www.insanbilimleri.com/ojs/index.php/uib/article/viewFile/756/397 [Untitled image of learners at a computer]. (n.d.). [Photograph]. Retrieved July 9, 2012 from http://lc.uconn.edu/communities/exploratory/ [Webcam]. (n.d.). [Photograph]. Retrived July 20, 2012 from http://nairrohit.wordpress.com/category/programming-a-webcam/