VINAYAKA MISSIONS UNIVERSITY

V.M.K.V.EMGINEERING COLLEGE, SALEM M.E. (POWER SYSTEMS ENGINEERING)

HIGH VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR

UNIT I : INTRODUCTION

Part A
1) What is meant by insulation resistance? 2) What are the factors by which insulation resistance of a dielectric is reduced? 3) What is meant by breakdown potential? 4) Write two examples of solid, liquid and gas insulating materials? 5) What is the function of bushing? 6) What are the different types of bushings? 7) What are the important components of a circuit breaker? 8) How air function in air circuit breaker? 9) How oil function in oil circuit breaker? 10) Why SF6 gas circuit breaker is preferred than oil circuit breaker? 11) Define switchgear. 12) Difference between isolator and circuit breaker. 13) List out the types of sources which affecting the power system insulation. 14) What do you meant by flashover mechanism? 15) Define ESDD. 16) What is contamination testing? 17) What is the role of dielectric? 18) What are the types of solid insulating materials? 19) What is meant by bushing insulation? 20) Distinguish between inner and external insulation voltage coordination.

Part - B
1) Explain briefly about different solid insulating materials and their properties. 2) Describe the dielectric properties of air, oil, SF6 gas and vacuum used in high voltage circuit breaker. 3) Briefly explain about testing procedure inner insulation voltage coordination. 4) With a neat sketch explain high voltage oil filled condenser bushing. 5) Explain about different types of surge diverters?. 6) Briefly explain about testing procedure of external insulation. 7) Write brief notes on dielectric in power system and describe the rating of mechanical strength of dielectric. 8) Write the procedure of insulation clearance in air, oil and gas. 9) Briefly explain about switch gear in power system and what is the need of insulation on switchgear? 10) Write brief notes on voltage coordination.

UNIT II : CIRCUIT INTERRUPTION

Part A
1) State the principle of current interruption. 2) Draw the characteristics curve of thermal and dielectric recovery voltage. 3) What is transient recovery voltage? 4) Define Interruption of small inductive currents. 5) Draw an Equivalent circuit of Transient recovery voltage during interruption of a small inductive current. 6) Define RRRV. 7) What is meant by TRV? 8) What is chopping current? 9) What is meant by chopping reignition? 10) Define auto reclosing. 11) What are the requirements of a high voltage circuit breakers 12) Define arching time 13) What are the basic two methods of arc extinction 14) Define recovery voltage? 15) Define restriking voltage? 16) Define rate of rise of restriking voltage? 17) Write mathematical expressions for active recovery voltage? 18) Define rupturing capacity? 19) What are the reasons for initiation of arc in a circuit breaker? 20) What is meant by active recovery voltage?

Part - B
1) Differentiate between direct and alternate current breaking 2) Briefly explain about transient recovery voltage. 3) Explain about Current Interruption under Fault Conditions. 4) Briefly explain about Transient Recovery Voltage under Normal Operating Conditions 5) Explain about Transient recovery voltage during interruption of a small inductive current. 6) Write short notes on i. ii. Transient re-striking voltage RRRV

7) Discuss about i. ii. Switchgear terminology Computer simulation of arc models

8) Explain the phenomena of current chopping. 9) Explain the phenomena of capacitive current breaking. 10) Explain the phenomena of auto-reclosing in high voltage circuit.

UNIT-III: SHORT CIRCUIT CALCULATIONS AND RATING OF CIRCUI BREAKERS

Part - A
1) What are the different types of faults in power systems? 2) What is synchronous reactance? 3) A transformer is rated at 11 KV/0.4KV, 500KVA and 5% reactance. Determine the short circuit MVA of the transformer when connected to an infinite bus. 4) What are the reasons for faults in electrical circuits? 5) What is meant by asymmetric fault? 6) What is transient reactance? 7) Define positive, negative and zero sequence components of a voltage vector? 8) What is Sub-Transients reactance? 9) If the line currents are Ia= 500 + j150,if Ib=100-j600 and Ic= -300+j600 A. Find Ia0. 10) What is meant by symmetric fault? 11) Define positive sequence impedance? 12) Express the values of Ia0,Ia1 and Ia2 in terms of Ia Ib , Ic and . 13) Define active fault. 14) Define passive fault. 15) Which types of fault need to be clear in short period? 16) What are the effects of active and passive faults? 17) Write the equation to find the fault current at receiving end cable. 18) What is the need to calculate MVA rating? What are the factors involved in the MVA rating? 19) What are the differences between symmetric and asymmetric fault? 20) What are the important ratings of circuit breaker?

Part - B
1) What are the types of faults in power system? Explain briefly. 2) i) What is p.u impedance? ii) What is base KVA? iii) Describe the methods for short circuit MVA calculations. 3) Two alternators A and B operate in parallel and have the following capacities and percentage reactance. Capacity Alternator A Alternator B 8000KVA 10000KVA % reactance 8% 10%

The generating station is connected to a transmission line of 2500km length through a step-up transformer. Of capacity 10000KVA and having a % reactance of 5.5%. The resistance and reactance of the transmission line per km of its length are 0.002 and 0.015 respectively and it operates at 66KV. Calculate the short circuit MVA for a 3-Phase fault at the receiving end of the transmission line and at the sending end. 4) Explain the concept of short circuit capacity of a bus. 5) Derive the expression to analyze the fault current and find the total impedance in power system. 6) Explain the functioning of reactors to limit fault current during short circuit conditions. 7) An alternator and a synchronous motor each rated for 50MVA, 13.2 KV having sub transient reactance of 20% are connected through a transmission line links of reactance 10% on the base of machine ratings. The motor acts as a load of 30MW at 0.8 p.f lead and terminal voltage 12.5 KV when a 3-phase fault takes place at the motor terminals. Determine the sub-transient current in the alternator, the motor and the fault. 8) Derive the expression to calculate MVA rating in short circuit.

UNIT IV : CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Part - A
1) What are the different insulating fluids commonly used in High Voltage circuit breakers 2) What is the difference between bulk oil and minimum oil High Voltage circuit breakers? 3) What are the disadvantages of using oil as arc quenching medium in high voltage circuit breakers? 4) What are the advantages of using air as arc quenching medium in high voltage circuit breakers? 5) What are the different types of air blast high voltage circuit breakers? 6) What are the properties of SF6 gas? 7) What are the advantages of SF6 gas high voltage circuit breakers? 8) What are the application of SF6 gas high voltage circuit breakers? 9) What are the application of vacuum circuit breakers? 10) What is the function of arc chute in high voltage air beast circuit breaker? 11) Define dielectric phase. 12) What is the application of circuit breaker? 13) What do you meant by protective relay? 14) Classify the circuit breaker. 15) Define fault clearing time. 16) What do you meant arc? 17) What is air break switch gear? 18) What is the need of contacts? What are the types of contacts? 19) Define arc quenching. 20) Define thermal phase.

Part - B
1) Draw and explain the principle of operation of circuit breaker. 2) Explain with a diagram the operation of Axial blast high voltage air circuit breaker 3) Briefly explain about arc quenching. With neat sketch. 4) Explain with a diagram the functioning of minimum oil high voltage circuit breaker, what are the advantages of minimum oil high voltage circuit breaker 5) Explain with neat sketch explain the functioning of SF6 gas circuit breaker 6) Explain with a diagram the performance of high voltage vacuum circuit breaker 7) Give the detailed comparison between different types of circuit breakers. 8) Draw and explain briefly about bulk oil circuit breaker.

UNIT V : TESTING OF CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Part - A
1) Define making capacity of a high voltage circuit breaker 2) Define type test of a high voltage circuit breaker 3) Define routine test of a high voltage circuit breaker 4) What are the different type tests of a high voltage circuit breaker 5) What are the different routine tests of a high voltage circuit breaker 6) Define breaking capacity of a high voltage circuit breaker 7) Why short circuit tests of a high voltage circuit breaker are necessary 8) What information can be obtained from the short circuit tests of a high voltage circuit breaker 9) What are the two types of synthetic test circuit of high voltage circuit breakers 10) What are the synthetic tests of a high voltage circuit breaker 11) List out the types of testing in circuit breakers. 12) Distinguish between type tests and routine tests. 13) How the arc is quenching in circuit breaker during operation. 14) What are the procedures should be following in short circuit test? 15) List the advanced technique implemented in circuit breaker.

Part B
1. Explain different type tests of high voltage circuit breakers. 2. Explain different routine tests of a high voltage circuit breaker. 3. Describe the procedure of direct testing of a three phase circuit breaker for short circuit testing. 4. Describe the synthetic testing of high voltage circuit breakers. 5. Explain the construction and working principle of Air Circuit breakers. 6. Briefly explain about the test procedure of circuit breakers. 7. What are the precautions should be followed during the time of testing. Explain briefly. 8. Compare short circuit test and routine test of circuit breaker with ratings.