Title : Semiconductor.

(H005)

Objective: 1. Able to explain the principles of semiconductor operation. 2. Know the types of semiconductor materials and the operations of electrons and holes.

Result: Dual lamp control. 1. When switch A is up, lamp 3 is on. 2. When switch A is down, lamp 4 is on.

Conclusion: Semiconductor is one device that can conduct current at same time and can be insulators at other times. The semiconductor can act like a variable resistors or a switch by varying the applied voltage.

Title: The Diode.

(H010)

Objectives: 1. Able to explain the operation of semiconductor. 2. Able to describe the operation and forward and reverse bias in a diode. 3. Know the schematic symbol for a diode.

Results: Forward Bias Voltage The output voltages across the forward biased diode is closes to 0.6 Volt Diode Actions 1. When switch A up, lamp is on. 2. When switch A down, lamp is off. AC Voltages 1. AC voltages with diode dimmer are 3 VAC. 2. AC voltages without diode dimmer are 7 VAC.

Conclusion: When switch A is up, it is forward biased. Forward bias connected to AC circuit and allows current to flow only half the time. When switch A is down, it is reverse biased. Reverse bias connected to DC circuit and DC does not flow easily through it.

Title: Diode Rectifiers. ( H011)

Objectives: 1. Learn to identify half-wave and full-wave diode rectifier circuits. 2. Calculate the Average DC Voltage from the AC Peak Voltage.

Result: Waveform Voltages 1. Peak Voltages = 14.5 V

2. Average Voltages = 0.637 x 14.5 = 9.23 V 3. Measured Average Voltages = 8.7 V 4. RMS Voltage = 0.707 x 14.5 = 8.7 V 5. Measured RMS Voltages = 9 V Power Supplies Measured Filter Voltage = 13 Volts DC

Conclusion: In a half-wave rectifier the peak voltage is about half the average value. The output waveform for the full-wave rectifier is identical to that of the half-wave rectifier. In a full-wave rectifier the peak voltage is equal to the average voltage.

Title: LEDs and Opto-Diodes. ( H050)

Objectives: 1. Able to explain the idea of optoelectronics. 2. Able to test the operation of light emitting diodes. 3. Able to describe the operation of light detecting diodes. 4. Able to test optoelectronic integrated circuits.

Results: Currents, Voltage and Power. 1. Switch A up, Lamp Voltage = 8.2 V Lamp Current = 3.9 Milliamperes

2. Switch A down, LED Voltages = 0 V LED Current = 38.9 Milliamperes

Conclusion:

When a light emitting diode is reversed biased, it is off, while if the light emitting diode is forward biased, it is on.

Title: Zener Diode. (H060)

Objectives: 1. Learn to describe the circuit and operation of a Zener Diode Regulator. 2. Learn to describe and calculate the Zener power supply regulation

Result: Zener Voltage 1. No Load Voltage = 4 V 2. Under Load = 3.8 V Zener Regulation
Regulation = 4 3.8 x 100% 4

=5

Conclusion:

If the zener diode were reversed, the lamp would turn off, but the lamp would turn on if the zener diode were forward biased.