IDENTIFICATION AND COLLATION OF

EXISTING INFORMATION ON THE

WETLANDS OF THE WESTERN CAPE

January 2006

Helen Dallas, Colleen Seymour, Kate Snaddon and Justine Ewart-Smith

The Freshwater Consulting Group / Freshwater Research Unit

University of Cape Town

Prepared for:
The TABLE MOUNTAIN FUND of WWF-SOUTH AFRICA

Project: ZA 5095
TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................... 1

1.1 Background ....................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Approach........................................................................................................... 2

2. RESULTS ......................................................................................................... 2

2.1 Identification of current regional and national initiatives in wetland research,

conservation and management ........................................................................ 3
2.2 Collation of existing information on wetlands of the Western Cape .................. 6
2.2.1 Directory of information on wetlands of the Western Cape............................... 6
2.2.2 Geographical Information System (GIS) data ................................................. 12
2.3 A generic field datasheet for the collection of wetlands data .......................... 14

3. USING THE WESTERN CAPE WETLANDS DIRECTORY DATABASE

AND GIS COVERS......................................................................................... 14

3.1 The Western Cape Wetlands Directory Database .......................................... 14

3.1.1 Metadata – Information Source....................................................................... 15
3.1.2 Wetland Information ........................................................................................ 17
3.1.3 Querying the data............................................................................................ 20
3.2 Using the Geographic Information System GIS covers................................... 22
3.2.1 Notes on how the GIS coverage relates to the database................................ 22

4. ANALYSIS AND TRENDS IN DATA.............................................................. 22

4.1 Metadata – Information Source....................................................................... 22

4.2 Wetland characteristics and spatial distribution .............................................. 25
4.3 Available data.................................................................................................. 29
4.3 Catchment condition, land use and threats to wetlands.................................. 30

5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT

OF A WETLAND INVENTORY DATABASE ................................................. 39

5.1 Utility of the Directory Database...................................................................... 39

5.2 Constraints and limitations .............................................................................. 39
5.3 Observations related to data quality................................................................ 40
5.4 Maintenance of the Western Cape Wetlands Directory Database.................. 40
5.5 Development of the Western Cape Wetlands Inventory database ................. 40

6. REFERENCES................................................................................................ 41
LIST OF FIGURES, TABLES AND APPENDICES

Table 1 Key regional (Western Cape) and national initiatives in wetland

research, conservation and management ........................................................ 3
Table 2 A description of each field in the “Metadata – Information Source” .................. 8
Table 3 A description of each field in the “General Wetland Information”...................... 9
Table 4 A description of each field in the “Wetland Characterisation” ......................... 10
Table 5 A description of each field in the “Available Information” ................................ 11
Table 6 A description of each field in the “Catchment Condition and Land Use”......... 12
Table 7 A description of each field in the “Management and Social Issues”................ 12
Table 8 Summary information of GIS coverages provided as supplementary
information for this project but not created by The Freshwater
Consulting Group............................................................................................ 13
Table 9 Menu Bar details of the Western Cape Wetlands Directory Database ........... 15
Table 10 Pre-define queries in the Western Cape Wetlands Directory Database ......... 20

Figure 1 Directory structure of the Western Cape Wetlands Directory database............ 7

Figure 2 “Metadata – Information Source” form ............................................................ 16

Figure 3 “Wetland Information – General Wetland Information” form ........................... 17
Figure 4 “Wetland Information – Wetland Characterisation” form ................................. 18
Figure 5 “Wetland Information – Available Information” form........................................ 18
Figure 6 “Wetland Information – Catchment Condition and Land Use” form ................ 19
Figure 7 “Wetland Information – Management and Social Issues” form ....................... 19
Figure 8 Querying the data............................................................................................ 21
Figure 9 Viewing the query data, sorting and exporting to Microsoft Excel................... 21
Figure 10 Number of information sources (total = 449) in each Information
Source category.............................................................................................. 23
Figure 11 Number of information sources (total = 362) per 10 year period, from
1930 to 2005. (Note Wetlands Datasheets and WC Wetlands Map
Input have been excluded for this analysis).................................................... 24
Figure 12 Number of information sources (total = 362) per 10 year period, from
1930 to 2005, showing the number in each Information Source
category. (Note Wetlands Datasheets and WC Wetlands Map Input
have been excluded for this analysis)............................................................. 24
Figure 13 The number of data sources per geographic region (total = 449). .................. 25
Figure 14 The spatial distribution of wetlands in the Western Cape incorporated
in the Directory Database ............................................................................... 26
Figure 15 The number of wetlands per type or classification (total = 703)...................... 28
Figure 16 Number of wetlands in each size, depth, pH and salinity class (total =
703, note this is an approximation)................................................................. 29
Figure 17 The number of wetlands with physico-chemical data. The different
variables are provided. Physico-chemistry data were collected at
approximately 56% of the 703 wetlands. ........................................................ 30
Figure 18 The number of wetlands with biotic and habitat data. Biotic and habitat
data were collected at approximately 74% and 12% of the 703
wetlands respectively...................................................................................... 29
Figure 19 Spatial distribution of wetlands with physico-chemical data............................ 30
Figure 20 Spatial distribution of wetlands with vegetation data....................................... 30
Figure 21 Spatial distribution of wetlands with mammal data ......................................... 31
Figure 22 Spatial distribution of wetlands with bird data ................................................. 31
Figure 23 Spatial distribution of wetlands with reptile data ............................................. 32
Figure 24 Spatial distribution of wetlands with amphibian data....................................... 32
Figure 25 Spatial distribution of wetlands with fish data.................................................. 33
Figure 26 Spatial distribution of wetlands with aquatic invertebrate data........................ 33
Figure 27 Spatial distribution of wetlands with plankton data.......................................... 34
Figure 28 Spatial distribution of wetlands with algal data................................................ 34
Figure 29 Spatial distribution of wetlands with bacterial data.......................................... 35
Figure 30 Spatial distribution of wetlands with data on endemic species ....................... 35
Figure 31 Spatial distribution of wetlands with threatened species................................. 36
Figure 32 Spatial distribution of wetlands with habitat assessment data ........................ 36
Figure 33 Catchment land uses that potentially threaten to wetlands............................. 38

Appendix 1 User groups consulted for the identification of national and regional
initiatives and the production of the generic field datasheet for the
collection of wetlands data.............................................................................. 43
Appendix 2 A list of studies relevant for Western Cape Wetlands including studies
incorporated into the Western Cape Wetlands Directory database ................ 44
Appendix 3 Metadata for Geographical Information Systems (GIS) coverages................. 79
Appendix 4 Western Cape Wetland Inventory Datasheet.................................................. 86
Appendix 5 Table of wetlands incorporated into the Directory Database, giving
Data Source Identifier (DSI), type/classification, size, depth, pH and
salinity classes................................................................................................ 91
The Project Team

This project was the combined effort of Helen Dallas, Colleen Seymour, Kate Snaddon and
Justine Ewart-Smith. All members contributed to the conceptualisation and planning of the
project and represented the project at Steering Committee meetings. More specifically:

• Helen managed the technical component of the project, co-developed the final version
of the datasheet, developed and edited the directory database, presented the project to
the Western Cape Wetlands Forum meetings and wrote the final report;
• Colleen co-developed the final version of the datasheet, sourced and captured data in
the directory database, liaised with wetland practitioners, sourced GIS coverages,
generated the GIS point coverage and contributed to the final report.
• Kate managed the financial and client liaison aspects, provided input into the field
datasheet and reviewed the final report;
• Justine formulated the initial straw-dog datasheet, provided spatial data and technical
guidance with the GIS component and reviewed the final report;

Acknowledgements

This project was funded by the Table Mountain Fund of WWF-SA. We gratefully
acknowledge their support during this project. The seeds of this project were germinated
within the Western Cape Wetlands Forum - thanks to forum members for their insight,
support and enthusiasm, and for information contributed to the directory. Thanks to Geordie
Ractliffe (FCG) who initiated discussions with Mandy Barnett (CAPE) and Julia Wood (TMF)
for funding for the project. This project was undertaken within the Freshwater Research Unit,
University of Cape Town. Lastly, thanks to members of the steering committee who guided
the project.

Steering Committee

Julia Wood – Table Mountain Fund

Heather Malan – Freshwater Research Unit, UCT
Candice Haskins – City of Cape Town – Scientific Services
George Davis – South African National Botanical Institute
Japie Buckle – Working for Wetlands
Mandy Noffke – Working for Wetlands
Gail Cleaver - CapeNature
John Dini – Working for Water
Nancy Job – BotSoc Conservation Unit
Naomi Fourie – Department of Water Affairs
Dennis Laidler – Department of Environment Affairs and Development Planning
Cilla Bromley – GEESE Glencairn
Liz and Dave Wheeler – Friends of the Liesbeek
Roger Toms – Hout Bay Heritage Trust
1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Wetlands are intrinsically valuable ecosystems that provide many important services to the
environment and society. Amongst other functions, they play a critical role in flood
attenuation, groundwater recharge and amelioration of water quality and often also have
societal and economic value. The contribution of South African wetlands to biodiversity has
been internationally recognized through their designation as Ramsar sites (Ramsar, Iran,
1971).
Wetlands in the Western Cape and indeed elsewhere in South Africa have in the past been
neglected, and knowledge of their distribution, structure or function is scarce. The
importance of wetlands in South Africa has been recognized in terms of the protection these
systems are now afforded under the National Water Act (1998). The Act guarantees both the
quantity and quality of water that is required to ensure a given level of ecosystem functioning.
Despite this protection, wetlands continue to be threatened by a variety of human activities.
These threats have been recognized and programmes initiated to map and classify wetlands
at a national scale, to provide information on the ecological condition of wetlands, to monitor
wetland health, to rehabilitate and restore wetlands, to assess biodiversity in wetland
systems and to conserve wetlands (Table 1).
Previous studies in the Western Cape addressing wetland related issues have provided a
substantial amount of information to support wetland conservation, management and
rehabilitation. However, much of this information is dispersed and relatively inaccessible.
This impedes and limits the incorporation of this information into effective management and
conservation plans for wetlands in the province.
The present initiative attempts to address this need by identifying and collating all initiatives
and available information dealing with the location, character, available information, condition
and management of wetlands in the Western Cape. It should be noted that the directory
generated in this project does not include actual data collected within each study (e.g. lists of
aquatic invertebrates or plant species, chemistry values, etc.). It does, however, have
potential to form the foundation of a future wetlands inventory, envisaged for a later phase.

The objectives of the current project were, therefore, as follows:

• to identify current regional and national initiatives in wetland research, conservation

and management;
• to collate existing information on wetlands of the Western Cape;
• to develop a generic field datasheet for the collection of wetlands data, and
• to make recommendations for the development of a wetland database.

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1.2 Approach

The definition of a wetland, as defined by the Ramsar Convention, is as follows:

“i.e. “areas of marsh, fen, peatland or water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or
temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of
marine water the depth of which at low tides does not exceed six meters” (Peck 1999)”.

The wetlands included thus fall into three broad groups (Ewart-Smith et al., 2005) as follows:

• Marine systems - Located along coastlines or overlaying the continental shelf,

completely open to the ocean (includes exposed coast and embayments).
• Estuarine systems - Semi-enclosed by land with open, partly obstructed or sporadic
access to the ocean (includes permanently open and temporarily closed systems).
• Inland systems - No existing connection to the ocean and is characterized by the
complete absence of marine exchange and/or tidal influence (includes riverine and
non-riverine systems).
The current project focuses on a subset of these wetlands, namely estuaries and inland
systems. Within the inland systems less attention has been given to rivers, which are well
covered by other programmes and initiatives (see Table 1).
The objectives of the project were achieved through literature searches and consultation with
local and regional experts, managers, non-governmental Organisations and interested
parties. The directory, which takes the form of a database, was designed with guidance from
the user groups1, to ensure that it was comprehensive and user-friendly. The approach
adopted was to make the directory “all encompassing” and to include studies, reports and
wetland datasheets even if the only information was anecdotal (e.g. a wetland in the vicinity
of X, probably a temporary pan). Similarly, all wetlands identified from the Western Cape
Wetlands Forum meetings that were marked onto the maps provided at the Forum meetings,
have been captured in the directory. Further details pertaining to objectives one to three are
provided in section 2.

2. RESULTS

This project has resulted in several outputs, including a table of regional and national
initiatives, a list of relevant publications, a directory database of information on wetlands of
the Western Cape, a GIS point-coverage of information on these wetlands, and a generic
datasheet for collection of wetland data. Details of each of these outputs are provided in
sections 2.1 to 2.3.

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User Groups consulted included: local authorities, government departments (both Western Cape and
National), civil society groups, environmental impact assessment practitioners, South African National
Parks Board, CapeNature, researchers, freshwater specialists.

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2.1 Identification of current regional and national initiatives in wetland
research, conservation and management

Consultation with user groups (Appendix 1) facilitated the identification of regional and
national initiatives. The key regional and national initiatives are given in Table 1. A list of
studies has been compiled after searching local databases, consulting with our core
reference group (the Western Cape Wetlands Forum), as well as consultation with private
consulting groups, conservation organizations, civil society groups and NGOs. The list was
compiled within a reference management database (EndNote). An Adobe Acrobat (pdf)
version of this list, sorted by Data Source Identifier, has been provided (Appendix 2). In
addition to the references included in the directory, references that were difficult to obtain or
which we were unable to incorporate into the directory due to time constraints, have been
included in the list (noted as “Not in directory”). A few general references have also been
included.

Table 1. Key regional (Western Cape) and national initiatives in wetland

research, conservation and management
Region Name Description
The NLC 2000 project provides a 1:50 000 scale digital map of the dominant land cover
and land use throughout South Africa based on multi-season satellite (Landsat)
imagery from 2000/2001. The land cover for each (approximately) 1-2 ha unit of land
has been categorised into one of 49 land cover classes (see Thompson et al. 2001 for
National Land details).
National Cover (NLC) “Wetlands” is one of the standard land cover classes used in NLC 2000, which
2000 identifies the large, easily discernable wetland features across the country on the basis
of broad spectral characteristics. An additional project is currently underway to develop
an “advanced wetland layer” for the NLC 2000, which will augment the standard
wetland coverage of NLC 2000 through additional mapping and modelling techniques.
Website: http://www.csir.co.za/plsql/ptl0002
WfW and Department of Environment Affairs and Tourism (DEAT) have formed a
partnership to address wetland rehabilitation. In 2001/2 R30 million was allocated
towards wetlands projects throughout the country. The projects included national
priority wetlands (including existing and proposed Ramsar Wetlands of International
Working for Importance). Rehabilitation work is carried out by workers employed in the wetlands
National Wetlands projects, and includes gabion construction, removal of invasive alien plants in the
(WfW) immediate area, surveying of flood irrigation furrows, construction and placing of grass
bale gabions and leveling of drainage furrows.
Websites: http://www.dwaf.gov.za/wfw/Wetlands/ ;
http://www.nbi.ac.za/research/wetlandprog.htm
This project is funded by the Water Research Commission (WRC) and WfW.
The research programme aims to recognise the value provided by intact and
functioning wetlands, and to develop an integrated set of protocols and tools that
Working for promote effective wetland rehabilitation through research. This research will improve
Wetlands – our understanding of biophysical, socio-economic and institutional causes of
National degradation, in order to reduce or remove such causes and restore wetland functioning
Research
Project sustainably.
The products of the research project include information on:
ƒ How to prioritise wetlands for rehabilitation;
ƒ Wetland RATES (Rapid Assessment Technique of Ecosystem Services) (previously

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Region Name Description
Wet Assess) – functional assessment technique for SA wetlands;
ƒ Why wetlands degrade;
ƒ Appropriate methodologies for rehabilitation;
ƒ Monitoring effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions; and
ƒ Institutional synergies
Website: http://www.ccwr.ac.za/wetlands/rehab.htm
Contact person: Fred Ellery (ellery@ukzn.ac.za)

National This project is funded by the Water Research Commission (WRC) and aims:
Wetland ƒ to evaluate a) the efficacy of the advanced wetland layer of the NLC 2000 for
Inventory: identifying existing wetlands, and b) the type of information about a given wetland
Development that is generated from this layer;
National of a Wetland ƒ to develop a wetland classification system at a national level, based on the
Classification information that can be obtained from the NLC 2000 advanced wetland layer; and
System for ƒ to identify research and development priorities, and draft Terms of Reference for
South Africa the testing, refinement and application of the proposed classification system.
Contact person: Justine Ewart-Smith (justine@worldonline.co.za)
This initiative aimed to enhance co-operation and collaboration between various
players in the freshwater conservation arena, and to provide guidance and clear
direction for WWF-SA's role in freshwater conservation. It culminated in a workshop in
May 2005. Recommendations for a proposed structure for the National Freshwater
WWF Biodiversity Collaboration (NFBC) were formulated. It was recommended that the
Freshwater knowledge management objective of the NFBC should be to improve knowledge and
Biodiversity understanding of freshwater biodiversity for the wise management of freshwater
National
Conservation resources through facilitating research, access, integration, curation, synthesis and
Initiative effective dissemination of information.
(WWF-FBCI)
The proceedings of the workshop and the WWF-FBCI team meeting are presented on
the WWF-FBCI Final Report CD.
Website: South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity;
http://www.saiab.ru.ac.za/one.htm
The National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) is a biodiversity planning
process co-ordinated by the national Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism,
National to give effect to the Biodiversity Act.
Biodiversity Website: http://www.deat.gov.za
National Strategy and
Action Plan The National Spatial Biodiversity Assessment Executive Summary and Technical
(NBSAP) Reports (including Terrestrial, River, Estuary and Marine components) are available on
the following website: ftp://ftp.nbi.ac.za
Contact person: Mandy Driver at driver@sanbi.org.
This programme was initiated in 1994 and has to date largely focused on River Health
(known as the River Health Programme - RHP). The RHP primarily makes use of
biological indicators (e.g. fish communities, riparian vegetation, aquatic invertebrate
National fauna) to assess the condition or health of river systems. The rationale for using
Aquatic biological monitoring is that the integrity of biota inhabiting river ecosystems provides a
Ecosystem direct, holistic and integrated measure of the integrity or health of the river as a whole.
National The goal of the RHP is to serve as a source of information regarding the ecological
Biomonitoring
Programme state of river ecosystems in South Africa, in order to support the rational management
(NAEBP) of these natural resources. The objectives of the RHP are to:
ƒ Measure, assess and report on the ecological state of aquatic ecosystems;
ƒ Detect and report on spatial and temporal trends in the ecological state of aquatic
ecosystems;

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Region Name Description
ƒ Identify and report on emerging problems regarding aquatic ecosystems;
ƒ Ensure that all reports provide scientifically and managerially relevant information
for national aquatic ecosystem management.
Website: http://www.csir.co.za/rhp
Contact Person(s): Bonani Madikizela (madikib@dwaf.gov.za), Liesl Hill
(lhill@csir.co.za), Dr Helen Dallas (hdallas@botzoo.uct.ac.za)
The River Conservation Planning Initiative is a partnership project with the Department
of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF) and CSIR Environmentek. It aims to answer the
fundamental questions:
River ƒ How many rivers should reflect a high level of protection such that South Africa's
Conservation collective network of rivers can be considered healthy?
National
Planning
ƒ Which rivers should be protected in order to claim that a representative mosaic of
Initiative
rivers (and riverine biodiversity) is protected or conserved?
Website: http://www.csir.co.za/rivercons/
Contact person: Dr Dirk Roux (droux@csir.co.za)
The Mondi Wetlands Project (MWP) is a joint project of South Africa’s two largest NGO
conservation organisations, the Wildlife and Environment Society of South Africa
Mondi (WESSA) and WWF - South Africa, together with two corporate sponsors, the Mazda
National Wetlands Wildlife Fund and the Mondi Forestry company. The MWP’s mission is to catalyse the
Project wise use and rehabilitation of wetlands in South Africa.
Contact details: Dave Lindley: info@wetlands.org.za
The Coordinated Waterbird Counts (CWAC) was launched in 1992. The objective of
CWAC is to monitor South Africa's waterbird populations and the conditions of the
CWAC - wetlands which are important for waterbirds. This is being done by means of a
Coordinated programme of regular mid-summer and mid-winter censuses at a large number of
National South African wetlands and estuaries, at regular six-monthly intervals. CWAC currently
Waterbirds
Counts monitors over 540 wetlands around the country.
Website: http://web.uct.ac.za/depts/stats/adu/p_cwac.htm
Contact person: Marius Wheeler (mwheeler@adu.uct.ac.za)
This is a four-year research programme due to start in April 2006. It is largely funded by
Water Research Commission (WRC) and supported by input from DWAF and DEAT.
The project will be based at the Freshwater Research Unit, UCT (core project team
members: Prof. Jenny Day, Dr Liz Day and Dr Heather Malan), however some of the
work will also be carried out at the University of Kwa-Zulu Natal (Prof. Fred Ellery, Dr
National Donovan Kotze). The research programme encompasses several research thrusts but
Wetland is primarily aimed at developing tools to assess the ecological condition of wetlands as
Research well as the socio-economic importance. The main aims of the Wetland Health and
Programme: Integrity Research Programme are to:
National Phase 2: ƒ Develop tools for assessing wetland ecological condition that will address the major
Wetland needs of the users in South Africa, including DWAF, DEAT and conservation
Health And bodies.
Integrity
ƒ Develop tools for assessing wetland socio-economic importance that will begin to
satisfy the needs of users in South Africa.
ƒ Develop a protocol to assess the loss of wetland function through degradation.
ƒ Implement a communication programme.
Contact person(s): Dr Heather Malan (hmalan@botzoo.uct.ac.za) ; Dr Liz Day
(lizday@mweb.co.za)
Western Working for This project is a WfW poverty alleviation project based in the Cape Peninsula region.
Cape Wetlands – The project restores wetlands (e.g. Rondevlei, Zeekoeivlei, Zandvlei) by clearing alien

5
 Region Name Description
Cape vegetation and revegetating with appropriate indigenous plants propogated in a nursery
Peninsula established for this purpose.
Wetland Contact person: Mandy Noffke (wetlands@telkomsa.net)
Restoration
Project
The Agulhas Biodiversity Initiative (ABI), a joint partnership between South Africa
National Parks, Flora and Fauna International and UNDP GEF, is an integral
Wetland component of the Cape Action for People and the Environment (CAPE) Programme,
rehabilitation which is designed to address the main threats to the globally significant Agulhas Plains
on the Agulhas lowland fynbos biodiversity. It also aims to improve the livelihoods of local communities
Western
Plain – living on the Agulhas Plains through a multiplicity of inter-linked conservation,
Cape
Agulhas development and socio-economic activities.
Biodiversity
The wetland component will focus on research and monitoring, aiming to produce
Initiative (ABI)
recommendations in terms of land-use and wetland conservation.
Contact person: Gail Cleaver (gail@capenature.co.za)

2.2 Collation of existing information on wetlands of the Western Cape

Existing information has been sourced and collated into a directory (section 2.2.1). All data in
the directory have been used to generate a point-coverage to be used in association with
other GIS maps sourced (section 2.2.2).

2.2.1 Directory of information on wetlands of the Western Cape

Information on existing initiatives, research and publications, including grey literature (e.g.
consultancy reports) on wetlands of the Western Cape has been collated. This was
achieved through literature searches and consultation with local and regional experts,
managers, NGOs and interested parties. The data have been collated into a directory in the
form of a Microsoft Access database, developed for storage and interrogation of this
information. It should be noted that due to time constraints and financial limitations of the
project, and also because of the difficulty in obtaining some of the reports, several references
have not yet been captured in the directory and the collection is by no means
comprehensive. It does however present a significant collation of information on wetlands of
the Western Cape and should provide a valuable resource for wetland practitioners in the
Western Cape.
Thus far 449 data sources have been included in the directory, representing 1851 wetland
sites. Note that at this stage each wetland site is linked to an information source (see Figure
1) and so some wetlands are reported more than once, with different studies containing
different associated data, etc. It is envisaged that further development of this directory into a
Wetland Inventory Database would necessitate consolidation of wetland sites such that each
wetland becomes a unique entity to which associated studies are linked. The number of
wetlands incorporated into the directory is approximately 703, although the exact number
was difficult to determine due to inconsistency and uncertainty with wetland names. Note that
although estuaries are comprised of several wetland areas such as floodplain, pans, sedge
marshes, etc., for data analysis purposes, they are each recorded as a single “wetland”, e.g.
Berg River estuary. Please refer to section 2.2.3 for more detailed analysis of the data in the
directory.

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Figure 1. Directory structure of the Western Cape Wetlands Directory
database

General wetland
information

Wetland
characterisation

Metadata –
Wetland(s) Associated data
Information Source

Catchment condition
and land use

Management and
social issues

Figure 1 provides a summary diagram of the structure of the directory. Tables 2 to 7 provide
a description of each of the data fields in the Western Cape Wetlands Directory database.
They are arranged according to the screens onto which data are captured and related to the
structure in Figure 1. The actual data capture screens in the Directory database are
provided in Figures 2 to 7. The directory includes metadata about the information source as
well as data fields incorporated in the generic field datasheet (section 2.3).
Data incorporated in the directory include information gleaned from published literature (e.g.
books, popular articles), scientific articles, academic theses, institutional reports, consultancy
reports, unpublished reports, reports (other), monitoring data, database records, Wetlands
Datasheet information, Western Cape Wetland Forum Map Input, and other (letters and
notes).

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Table 2 A description of each field in the “Metadata – Information Source”
Data field Description
Data Source Identifier (DSI) A unique number related to each Data Source
Metadata Date Date on which metadata were captured
Title The title of the paper, report, study, etc.
Author(s) or Creator(s) The author(s) of the paper, report, study, etc.
Reference or Source The source of the data, i.e. journal, report, wetlands datasheet, etc.
The custodian or owner of the paper, report, study, etc. (may be an individual,
Custodian/Owner
library, consulting company, etc.)
Organisation The organisation that has the paper, report, study, etc.
Contact person The contact person for the paper, report, study, etc.
Postal address The postal address of the person who has the paper, report, study, etc.
Tel Telephone of the contact person
Email Email of the contact person
Fax Fax of the contact person
ISBN Number International Standard Book Number
The type of information: includes published literature (e.g. books, popular
articles), scientific articles, academic theses, institutional reports, consultancy
Information Type reports, unpublished report, reports, monitoring data, database records, Wetlands
Datasheets information, Western Cape Wetland Forum Map Input, and other
(letters and notes).
Hard copy, hard copy MS word document, Excel spreadsheet, electronic
Format of the data datasheet, electronic MS Word document, electronic pdf file, CD, handwritten
notes, etc.
When the data were
Date (year) or time period when data were collected
collected
When the data were last
Date (year) when data were last updated
updated
How close the given positions are to the real positions on the ground, usually a
Positional accuracy function of the accuracy of the GPS (e.g. to within 5 or 50m?) or the quality of
map being used.
Accuracy for measures like size (e.g. 10 ha, or 10.5 ha, or between 10 and 20
Attribute accuracy ha), or identification (e.g. is it a perennial vlei or a seasonal pan that has been
ground-truthed or has it just been spotted from a helicopter once/unknown)?
Relates to the completeness of the data-set (e.g. size records are given for all
Completeness
wetlands or only 90% or 10% of them).
Access constraints Any constraints on access to the paper, report, study, etc. or data.
The aims of the study. If these were not provided in the paper, report, study, etc.,
Aims of the study
they were generated from the report itself.
Abstract Abstract extracted from paper, report, study, etc. or generated from study
Search words Search words generated for future querying of the directory and/or database
Is the study completed Yes/No
If ongoing, how often are
The frequency with which data are collected for ongoing studies
data collected?
Associated wetland(s) All wetlands reported in the study

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Table 3 A description of each field in the “General Wetland Information”
Data field
Data Source
Wetland Code
Authors reference Code
Associated River (if any)
Geo-reference (GIS S, GIS E)
Corrected Geo-Ref (S) and (E)
GPS Setting
Geo-reference Source
Map Reference (1: 50 000)
Lat-long source data
Map date
Closest town or mapped
geographical feature
Type/classification
Conservation Status
Detail of Conservation Status
Location
Landowner/Manager’s Name
Landowner/Manager’s
Description of the wetland
*Water Management Area
*Ecoregion Level I
*Ecoregion Level II
*Secondary Catchment
*Quaternary Catchment
*Vegetation Type
*Geological Type
*Rainfall Region
*Rainfall Class
* These fields have been populated using ArcView and are thus dependent on the accuracy
of the lat-longs. They are useful spatial data for analysis and categorisation of the wetlands.
Description
Metadata Source (DSI, Author, Date, Title)
A unique code generated for each wetland (currently not populated)
Code used by author in study
River or rivers associated with the wetland
Longitude and latitude co-ordinates converted to GIS (x and y) co-
ordinates
Converted longitude and latitude co-ordinates corrected within ArcView
to more accurately reflect the wetland. Note that this can only be
validated accurately by ground-truthing each of the wetlands.
Cape Datum Clarke 1980 or WGS 84 Datum
Data Source: geo-reference given in paper, report, study, etc.; or Map:
geo-reference generated by project team using GIS
Details of map where wetland is located
Indicates if the author / creator used a GPS or map to generate latitude
and longitudes
Date of map used to locate wetland
Closest town or mapped geographical feature to the wetland (to facilitate
of orientation and validation)
Classification or type of wetland (either given in the paper, report, study,
etc. or generated from studies on the same wetland)
Protected, partially protected or unprotected
Details of the protection afforded the wetland
Location of wetland (e.g. farm, reserve, national park, etc.)
Name of Landowner/Manager
Contact details of Landowner/Manager
A general description of the wetland
Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF)’s 19 water
management areas.
One of 31 as identified in Kleynhans et al. (2004).
One of 135 as identified in Kleynhans et al. (In prep).
DWAF secondary drainage region.
DWAF quaternary drainage region.
Based on Low and Rebelo's (1996) potential natural vegetation of South
Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland.
Based on Vegter's (1995) simplified lithostratigraphic units.
Season in which the majority of rain falls.
An estimate of rainfall in mm (Enpat 1997)
9
Table 4 A description of each field in the “Wetland Characterisation”
Data field Description
Size in hectares (<1 ha, 1-10 ha, 10-20 ha, 20-100 ha or >100 ha; 1 ha
Approximate Size (ha)
is equivalent to 1 1/3 rugby fields)
Maximum Depth (m) Maximum depth (0-0.5 m, 0.5 – 2 m, 0r > 2m)
Altitude Height above sea level
Adapted from Kotse et al. (2004). Types include: floodplain, valley
bottom with channel, valley bottom without channel, hillslope seepage
Hydro-geomorphic Types feeding a river, hillslope seepage not feeding a river, depression
(including pans). Descriptions and illustrations of each type are included
in Appendix 3.
Estuary Yes/No
Details of the estuary: permanently open, temporarily closed, artificially
If an estuary:
controlled
Wetland context Either a single discrete wetland or part of a mosaic of wetlands
Other aquatic ecosystems associated with the wetland, e.g. river(s),
Associated system(s)
estuaries, etc.
Associated system(s) details Details of the associated system(s)
If associated with a river, record the position in the catchment: upper,
Position in catchment
middle or lower
The permanence and inundation details are captured: permanent
inundated, permanent saturated, seasonal inundated, seasonal
Water permanence / Inundation /
saturated, ephemeral inundated, ephemeral saturated. (Note Inundated
saturation
= surface water is present at some stages; saturated = surface soils are
waterlogged).
A wetland may have one or more water sources including: groundwater,
Water source surface water (precipitation), surface water (riverine), seas, artificial
source or other
A wetland may have one or more water outlets including: river or stream,
Water outlet no visible outlet or evaporation only, seepage into groundwater, sea,
artificially constrained (e.g. weir or culvert).
pH General pH range: Acid (< 6), neutral (6 – 8) or alkaline (> 8)
pH value Actual pH value(s) if given in the paper, report, study, etc.
General salinity class: Fresh (< 0 ‰), Brak (0 to <3 ‰), Saline (3 to <20
Salinity
‰) or Hypersaline (> 20 ‰)
Comments Comments pertaining to pH or salinity
Dominant vegetation type(s), including grasses, sedges, restios, reeds,
Dominant vegetation type(s)
shrubs, palmiet or other.
Vegetation details Details of species if known
Width of natural vegetation buffer Width of the natural vegetation buffer around or adjacent to the wetland
(m) (< 10m , 10 – 30m, 30 – 100m or > 100m)
Dominant substrate type(s), including bedrock, boulders, cobbles, gravel,
Dominant substrate type(s)
sand, mud, clay, peat, detritus or other.
Specific comments related to substrate or general comments related to
Comments
the study data

10
Table 5 A description of each field in the “Available Information”
Data field Description
Water depth measured? Yes/No
Water depth (m) Depth in metres
Frequency: once off, daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, seasonally, six-
Frequency of data collection
monthly, annually
Frequency details Details (actual date, months, years etc).
Habitat Assessment done? Yes/No
Details of method used: e.g. Present Ecological Status (PES), Ecological
Assessment details
Importance & Sensitivity (EIS)
Special comments All additional comments pertaining to the data collected
This enables different sites in a wetland to be recorded. It has not yet
Specific sites for each wetland
been populated in this version.
Water chemistry data provided in Were water chemistry data reported in the study / report? (Note: some
study / report? reports are reviews of other studies)
Temperature Temperature
Turbidity Turbidity
pH pH
Conductivity Electrical Conductivity
Total Dissolved Solids Total Dissolved Solids
Nutrients (Nitrogen, phosphorus, ammonia, etc.)
Suspended Solids Suspended Solids
Particulate Organic Matter Particulate Organic Matter
Pesticides Pesticides
Metals Metals
Faecal coliforms Faecal coliforms (E.coli)
Chemistry: Comments General comments related to chemistry data
Biotic data provided in study / Were biotic data reported in the study / report? (Note: some reports are
report? reviews of other studies)
Vegetation Vegetation
Mammals Mammals
Birds Birds
Reptiles Reptiles
Amphibians Amphibians
Fish Fish
Aquatic Invertebrates Aquatic Invertebrates
Plankton Plankton
Algae Algae
Bacteria Bacteria
Endemics Was the number of endemic taxa recorded?
Threatened species Was the number of threatened taxa recorded?
Biota: Comments General comments related to biotic data

11
Table 6 A description of each field in the “Catchment Condition and Land
Use”
Data field Description
The extent of each land use / activity in the wetland or in the immediate
vicinity and/or in the catchment is rated according to a scale of 1 to 4,
Land use / activity
where 1 = limited (< 25%), 2 = moderate (25-50%), 3 = extensive (50 –
90%), 4 = almost entire (>90%).
Vicinity or within wetland Within the wetland or in the immediate vicinity
Within catchment Within the catchment
Threat to wetland? Yes/No. Indicate if the land use / activity pose a threat to the wetland.

Table 7 A description of each field in the “Management and Social Issues”

Data field Description
Is the wetland managed? Yes/No
If so, by whom? Details of the individual or organisation that manages the wetland
What impact does the wetland and
its management regime have on Impact may be: Negative impact, no impact or positive impact
surrounding communities?
What impact do surrounding
Impact may be: Negative impact, no impact or positive impact
communities have on the wetland?
If affected, what are the contact
Details of the affected community
details of the community?
Are research needs discussed in the
Yes/No
report / study?
Research recommendations and / or Recommendations for research or recording of the potential for the
potential for the wetland to be used wetlands to be used by the community (e.g. for tourism, gathering of
by the community natural resources). If yes, indicate which activities would be possible.

2.2.2 Geographical Information System (GIS) data

All data in the Western Cape Wetlands Directory database were used to generate a point-
coverage to be used in association with other Geographical Information System (GIS) maps.
Where available, latitudes and longitudes (lat-longs) provided within data sources were used
to geo-reference wetlands included in the study. Often lat-longs were not specified,
however, and descriptions of study sites relative to major towns or landmarks along with
existing GIS coverages (detailed in Table 8) were used to derive point references for these
wetlands. These are indicated in the directory as follows: if lat-longs given were derived from
the original data source, they are denoted as “data source”; if they were derived using
landmarks and supplementary GIS coverages, they are denoted as “map”.
Owing to varying accuracy and settings of GPS instruments and data sources, points often
did not align with each other or with underlying maps used as guidelines (Table 8). These
points were therefore nudged so that they aligned with each other, and generated new lat-
longs for these points. These corrected Geo-reference points have been incorporated as
separated fields into the Directory Database. The original data remain within the database,
but the point GIS coverage (Western Cape Wetlands Directory Data.shp) contains
12
corrected lat-longs, together with Yes/No fields for available data collected. Further details of
Western Cape Wetlands Directory Data.shp are provided in the relevant metadata file
(Appendix 3). Metadata are also provided for coverages listed in Table 8, where these were
available.

Table 8. Summary information of GIS coverages provided as supplementary

information for this project but not created by The Freshwater
Consulting Group.

Theme name Shape file Creator Point/ polygon Scale

Wcape.shp – modified
Western Cape
from a coverage called Unknown (2002) Polygon Unknown
boundary
saprovinces
ENPAT freshwater Wcriv.shp (DEAT 2000) Polygon & line 1: 250,000
ENPAT Dams Dams50.shp (DEAT 2000) Polygon 1: 250,000
Western Cape sensitive (Shaw and de Villiers
Sensitive_wetlands.shp Polygon 1: 50,000
wetlands 2001)
CAPE freshwater (van Nieuwenhuizen and
Wetlmapnov99.shp Polygon 1: 250,000
component Day 2000)
South African wetlands (South African National
Wetlands_dd.shp Point 1: 250,000
Biodiversity Institute 2005)
Botanical society
Special_habitats_dd.shp (Von Hase et al. 2003) Polygon 1: 50,000
Special Habitats Map
Department of Water
Water Management
wc_wma.shp Affairs and Forestry Polygon 1: 2,000,000
Areas
(DWAF)’s
DWAF 2005 Kleynhans et
Ecoregion Level I wc_ecoregion level 1.shp Polygon 1: 2,000,000
al. (2004).
DWAF 2005 Kleynhans et
Ecoregion Level II wc_ecoregion level 2.shp Polygon 1: 2,000,000
al. (In prep).
Secondary drainage
wc_seccatch.shp DWAF Polygon 1: 250,000
region
Quaternary drainage
wc_quarcatch.shp DWAF Polygon 1: 250,000
region
Vegetation of South
Africa, Lesotho and wc_vegetationType.shp Low and Rebelo (1996) Polygon 1: 1,000,000
Swaziland
Geology map of South
Africa with simplified Water Research
lithostratigraphy for wc_geology.shp Commission, Vegter Polygon 1: 2,500,000
geohydrological use (1995)

ENPAT Rainfall Class wc_rainfall.shp DEAT (1997) 1: 1,000,000

13
Although point coverages are not as informative as polygon coverages for some purposes,
the production of polygon coverages was beyond the scope and budget of this project. Point
coverages often do convey valuable information. For example, point coverages may be used
to indicate the geographical extent of research on wetlands or indicate the extent to which
the different taxonomic groups have been studied (e.g. Figures 20 to 32). In addition,
numerous polygon coverages have already been created, which the points generated by this
project can be attached to, such that final ground-truthing will have a good foundation from
which to proceed.

2.3 A generic field datasheet for the collection of wetlands data

A generic field datasheet, the Western Cape Wetlands Inventory datasheet (Appendix 4) has
been developed to guide future wetland data collection. This was done in consultation with
User Groups (Appendix 1) who provided input into the components included and structure of
the datasheet. The response to our request for input has generally been very supportive and
enthusiastic, reflecting the great need for this directory and future inventory. Standardization
of the way in which wetland data are collected is essential for their long-term management
and conservation.
The datasheet is structured to allow users to capture Summary Information only (if
information is scarce or time limited), or more comprehensive information pertaining to
location, characterisation, associated data and information source. Data fields are linked to
the data fields in the directory (see section 2.2.1).
It is likely that this datasheet will evolve as more wetland practitioners use it and knowledge
on wetland systems increases.

3. USING THE WESTERN CAPE WETLANDS DIRECTORY DATABASE AND GIS

COVERS

3.1 The Western Cape Wetlands Directory Database

Version 1 of the Western Cape Wetlands Directory Database is in Microsoft Access 2003.
To run this database a user will need to have Microsoft Office Access software on their
computer. The database aims to allow users to view studies that have been undertaken on
wetlands in the Western Cape. Data may be extracted via pre-defined queries and exported
to Microsoft Excel.
When opening the database (Western Cape Wetlands Directory_Ver1.mdb), the “Metadata –
Information Source” form is displayed (Figure 2). A Menu Bar (on the top of the screen) has
been designed for the Western Cape Wetlands Directory Database. The three options
available and their associated “drop-down” lists are given in Table 9. Users click on the
Menu Bar Descriptor and then select the relevant Drop-down Descriptor.
Users familiar with Microsoft Access can use the “Control F11” button to unhide the Access
Menu Bar that allows for additional functionality. To unhide the Database, experienced users
can use “Window/Unhide”. This will allow users to define additional queries for querying the
data.

14
Table 9. Menu Bar details of the Western Cape Wetlands Directory Database
Menu Bar Descriptor Drop-down list Descriptor
Metadata – Information Source
Data Capture
Wetland Information
Nine pre-defined queries have been generated. These relate to each of the key
Queries
components of the directory database. (See section 3.1.3, Table 10)
Analyse it with Microsoft Office Excel (Allows queries to be exported to MS Excel for
analysis)

Tools Compact and repair (Important for retaining the integrity of the database)
Backup the Database (Creating a backup)
Exit the database

Note that currently data are viewed via the “Metadata – Information Source” form and
“Wetland Information” forms are locked and may not be edited. At present data capture
may only be undertaken centrally and not by individual users. It is hoped that the envisaged
phase 2, which aims to extend this Directory Database into an Inventory Database, will
receive funding such that additional data capture functionality may be developed to allow
users to capture their own data on the database. The generic datasheets developed as part
of this project (section 2.3, Appendix 4), standardizes the data collection process, thereby
streamlining population of the Directory Database.

3.1.1 Metadata – Information Source

This provides information about the data source, which may be a scientific paper,
consultancy report, Wetlands Datasheet, etc. The Data Source Identifier is a unique number
and is linked to the “EndNote” reference list attached in Appendix 2.
The user can scroll through the studies using the “Record” bar at the bottom of the screen
(Figure 2). The user also can select a specific Data Source by entering the number in the
“Record” space.

15
Figure 2. “Metadata – Information Source” form

Drop-down list Menu Bar

Record Bar

16
3.1.2 Wetland Information

To view the “Wetland Information” form the user must click on “Data Capture” and highlight
“Wetland Information” (Figure 3).
The user may either scroll through each of the wetlands using the “Record” bar at the bottom
of the screen, or may go to a specific wetland using the “Go to Wetland” drop-down list on
the top right of the screen. The wetlands are arranged alphabetically and may be selected
by entering the appropriate letter of the alphabet. The Data Source Identifier is also given
for each wetland, allowing selection of a specific wetland and study.
There are five sub-forms (Figures 3 to 7) in the “Wetland Information” form, accessed by
clicking the mouse on the appropriate sub-form tab. The five sub-forms are:

• General Wetland Information

• Wetland Characterisation
• Available Information
• Catchment Condition and Land Use
• Management and Social Issues

Figure 3. “Wetland Information – General Wetland Information” form

Sub-forms Go to Wetland – for selecting

specific wetlands per study

Drop-down list

17
Figure 4. “Wetland Information –Wetland Characterisation” form

Figure 5. “Wetland Information – Available Information” form

18
Figure 6. “Wetland Information – Catchment Condition and Land Use” form

Figure 7. “Wetland Information – Management and Social Issues” form

19
3.1.3 Querying the data

Eight relatively simple queries have been designed for users to extract data (Table 10). At
present these queries return all the data within the database. To initiate a query, click on the
Menu Bar – Queries and select a query from the drop-down list (Figure 8). Columns in
queries can be sorted using the “Sort key” in the Query Menu Bar at the top of the screen
(Figure 9). The user is then able to export the data to Microsoft Excel for further data
manipulation and analysis (Figure 9).

Table 10. Pre-defined queries in the Western Cape Wetlands Directory

Database
Query Name Details of data extracted
Qry – Information Data Source Identifier (DSI), Title, Year, Author/Creator, Reference/Source, Geographic
Source Region, Aims of Study, Abstract and Information Source.
Qry – Wetland Wetland Name, DSI, Author/Creator, Contact Organisation, Email, Telephone, Associated
Summary River, Geo-reference (S) and (E), Closest Town or mapped geographical feature,
Information Geographic Region, Conservation Status, Approximate Size and Wetland Description.
Wetland Name, DSI, Geo-reference (S) and (E), GPS setting, GPS Source, Lat-long
Qry – General source data, Map reference, Map date, Altitude, Location (e.g. farm or reserve),
Wetland Landowners/managers Name and contact details, Water Management Area, Rainfall
Information Region, Secondary Catchment, Quaternary Catchment, Ecoregion Level I, Ecoregion
Level II, Vegetation Type and Geological Type.
Wetland Name, DSI, Approximate size, Maximum depth, Hydro-geomorphic Type,
Qry – Wetland
Estuary (Yes/No), Estuarine details, Wetland context, Associated systems, Associated
Characterisation:
system details, Position in catchment, Water permanence, Water Source(s) and Water
Hydro-
outlet(s). (Note if more than one Water Source or Water outlet was recorded per wetland
geomorphology
per DSI, then more than one record is returned).
Qry – Wetland
Wetland Name, DSI, pH, pH value, Salinity, Comments on pH and salinity, Dominant
Characterisation:
Vegetation Type(s), Vegetation details, Width of natural vegetation buffer, Dominant
Water Chemistry
Substrate Type(s), Substrate comment. (Note if more than one vegetation or substrate
Vegetation,
type was recorded per wetland per DSI, then more than one record is returned).
Substrate
Wetland Name, DSI, Frequency, Frequency details, Water depth measured (Yes/No),
Water depth, Chemistry data provided in report (Yes/No), Temperature, Turbidity, pH,
Qry – Physico-
Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, Dissolved Oxygen, Nutrients, Suspended Solids,
chemistry Data
Particulate Organic Matter, Pesticides, Metals, Faecal coliforms and Chemistry:
comments.
Wetland Name, DSI, Biotic data provided in report (Yes/No), Vegetation, Mammals, Birds,
Qry – Biotic and Reptiles, Amphibians, Aquatic Invertebrates, Plankton, Algae, Bacteria, Threatened taxa,
habitat data Endemic taxa, Biota: comments, Habitat Assessment done (Yes/No), Assessment details
and Special comments.
Wetland Name, DSI, Land Use / Activity, Extent Within vicinity of wetland, Extent Within
Qry – Catchment
catchment, Threat to wetland (Yes/No) and Description of land use and catchment
Condition and Land
issues. (Note if more than one land use / activity was recorded per wetland per DSI, then
Use
more than one record is returned).
Wetland Name, DSI, Is the wetland managed? (Yes/No), If so, by whom, Is there a
management plan?, Management recommendations, Impact of wetland on surrounding
Qry – Management
communities, impact of communities on wetland, Contact details of the community (if
and social issues
affected), research needs (Yes/No), research/management recommendations and/or
potential use of wetland by community.

20
 Select a query from the drop-down list
Figure 8. Querying the data

Figure 9. Viewing the query data, sorting and exporting to Microsoft Excel

Highlight column and click to sort data

Export data to
MS Excel

21
3.2 Using the Geographic Information System (GIS) covers

To utilise these GIS coverages users will need access to GIS software, namely ArcView or
ArcInfo.

3.2.1 Notes on how the GIS point coverage relates to the database

The point coverage Western Cape Wetlands Directory Data.shp has an attribute file
associated with it. If the user makes “identify” active and then points to the point/wetland of
interest, all studies associated with that point or wetland will be listed in a table on the
screen. This attribute table contains, inter alia, the wetland name (Wetland_na), unique
wetland identity number (Wetlandid) and number of the Data Source Identifier (or
reference) (DSI) within the database containing that wetland. The combination of the Data
Source Identifier and Wetland Name allow the user to match the GIS point with the specific
data in the Directory Database. Within the Directory Database, make the Wetland
Information: Form active, and in the upper right hand corner (Go to wetland), select the
wetland and Data Source Identifier of interest. For example, Belslvei 22 would contain
information on Belsvlei available within Data Source Identifier (reference) number 22. The
attribute table of the Western Cape Wetlands Directory Data.shp also contains information
pertaining to the data collected or assessed, e.g. water chemistry, biotic and habitat data
(Yes or No). Details of which biotic data were collected are also provided.

4. ANALYSIS AND TRENDS IN DATA

Whilst the directory only represents a portion of all the work that has been completed on
Western Cape wetlands, analyses of its contents are useful, because the data are still
representative of wetland studies completed within the Western Cape. There are two
reasons for this assertion. Firstly, while the references used in the database were slightly
biased towards those that were more easily accessible, these references, particularly those
published in peer-reviewed publications, often distilled work from other studies, thus inclusion
of additional studies would only have marginally increased the information content of the
database. Secondly, user-group consultation (specifically through the datasheets) enabled
capture of information on lesser-known wetlands, and also afforded the project exposure to
the current group of experts in the field of wetland ecology. This would most likely have
ensured that most wetlands about which anything is known would at least have been
identified and included in the directory.
We can therefore be fairly confident that the image emerging from analyses of the Western
Cape Wetlands Directory Database is a good representation of the state of knowledge
regarding Western Cape wetlands at present.

4.1 Metadata – Information Source

The majority of the 449 information sources (i.e. reports, papers, datasheets, etc.)
incorporated into the Directory were scientific articles (142), followed by institutional and
consultancy reports (57 and 52 respectively, Figure 10).

22
Figure 10 Number of information sources (total = 449) in each Information
Source category

160
142
140

120

100
Number

80

57
60 52 50
39 37
40 32

17
20 13
8
1 1
0
Published

Scientific

Thesis

Institutional

Consultancy

Report

Unpublished

Other (Letters

Databases

Monitoring

Datasheets
literature

WC Wetland
Wetlands
article

Map Input
report

report

data
report

etc)

The majority were published after 1980 (Figure 11), with a large number of institutional
reports and scientific articles published between 1980 and 1989 (Figure 12). This probably
reflects the substantial government resources for estuarine and research institutes made
available during the 1980s. There is a decreasing trend in the number of scientific articles
from 1990 through to 2005 and an increasing trend in the number of consultancy reports.
This reflects changes in funding sources and the way wetlands are studies.
As an illustration of how funding has changed, by the mid 1980s, the CSIR produced 13% of
all measured research in South Africa, but in 1987, pressure as a result of a new funding
formula from government, saw a change towards research with a greater market orientation
(Kaplan 1996). By 1996, less than half of the CSIR’s funding was from the government,
giving it one of the highest contract income to government ratios of any similar institution
internationally (Kaplan 1996).
The increase in consulting studies generally translates to a decrease in scientific publications
due to time constraints and other factors affecting consultants. It was noted during this
project that consultancy reports are often difficult to access or access is restricted via the
consultant-client agreement. Thus, an increase in consultancy work may mean that
information will become increasingly difficult to access. This is not to criticize consultancy
work, which makes a vital contribution to the conservation of South Africa’s biodiversity in
general, and more specifically our water resources, particularly in the enlightened
conservation legislation SA has adopted post-1994. What is perhaps required is a source of
funding aimed at periodically summarizing these findings and/or data.
The number of theses (39 in total) has remained relatively constant from the 1970s through
to the 2000s. A significant contribution was made in the form of Wetland Datasheets (50)
and input on maps from the wetlands forums (37). This highlights the importance of
consulting user groups and engaging with everyone who is interested in wetlands and their
conservation and management.

23
Figure 11 Number of information sources (total = 362) per 10 year period,
from 1930 to 2005. (Note Wetlands Datasheets and WC Wetlands
Map Input have been excluded for this analysis).
140
122
120

100
90
80
Number

80

60

38
40

20
10 8 9
3 2
0
1930-1939

1940-1949

1950-1959

1960-1969

1970-1979

1980-1989

1990-1999

2000-2005

Unknown
Figure 12 Number of information sources (total = 362) per 10 year period,
from 1930 to 2005, showing the number in each Information
Source category. (Note Wetlands Datasheets and WC Wetlands
Map Input have been excluded for this analysis).
140
Monitoring data

120 Databases
Other (Letters etc)
Unpublished report
100 Report
Consultancy report
Institutional report
80
Thesis
Number

Scientific article
60 Published literature

40

20

0
1930-1939

1940-1949

1950-1959

1960-1969

1970-1979

1980-1989

1990-1999

2000-2005

Unknown

The allocation of data sources to a geographical region was sometimes problematic with
several studies extending beyond one or more broad regions. For the purposes of this
report, six broad regions have been delineated: the Cape Town area, the Overberg, the
Western Cape, the West Coast, the Southern Cape and the Wilderness Lakes region.
Additional categories, which combined one or more regions, include the Western and

24
Southern Cape, South Africa and International. The location of some wetlands remains
uncertain and these have been grouped into “Unknown”.
Examination of the geographical spread of wetland data sources in the Western Cape
revealed that the majority were within the Cape Town region. This extends to Stellenbosch
and Melkbos areas and includes the entire Cape Peninsula. This phenomenon of a
concentration of studies around a major centre is common in spatial analysis and often
reflects development pressure. Next represented was the Overberg region (83), including
the Hermanus, Bot River, Agulhas Plain and Breede River areas. The Western Cape (55),
including the Berg and Olifants River catchments, were well represented. Forty-four
wetlands were within the West Coast region (including Langebaan and Velorenvlei), 34 in the
Southern Cape (including Knysna, Mossel bay, etc.), with 28 on the Wilderness Lakes area.

Figure 13 The number of data sources per geographic region (total = 449).
180
158
160

140

120
Number

100
83
80

60 55
44
40 34
28 29

20 12
5
1
0
Cape Town

Overberg

Western Cape

Southern Cape

West Coast

Southern Cape

Wilderness

South Africa

International

Unknown
Western and

Lakes
area

4.2 Wetland characteristics and spatial distribution

The spatial distribution of wetlands entered in the directory is given in Figure 14. Each
wetland was typed or classified, either from the original data source or by validating with
other data sources for the same wetland. This was a challenging task given the large variety
of classification systems used in South Africa (Ewart-Smith et al. 2005). In addition, the
majority of wetlands were not typed or classified. Wetland typing therefore serves only as a
very general guideline. Based on this, the majority of wetlands in the directory (Figure 15)
are Impoundments (including farm dams), followed by riparian wetlands and pans. The bias
towards impoundments may be explained by the fact that impoundments are relatively easy
to identify from maps, are common in the Western Cape and important for birds. A further 60
wetlands could not be typed, and 53 were classified as general wetland (unspecified and
mixed). From the point of conserving and managing wetlands in the Western Cape, it is
essential that classification receives high priority. A current study of (Ewart-Smith et al.

25
2005) promises to provide a method for classifying wetlands and should be incorporated into

60

Unspecified
The number of wetlands per type or classification (total = 703).

Embayments (Lagoons)
85

Impoundments (Farm Dam)

141

Impoundments (Dam)
30

Artificial water bodies (including wetlands)

6

Estuaries (Unspecified or modified)

32

Estuaries (Temporarily open/closed)

16

Estuaries (Permanently open)

3

Estuaries (Closed)
19

Coastal lakes and vleis

6
Black-water lakes and seeps

26
21
Salt pans
67

Pans (Non-perennial and perennial)

6
Pools (Temporary and Permanent)
38
this directory as soon as possible.

Floodplain riparian wetlands/pans/vleis

12
Marshlands

2
Spring wetlands

17
Seepage wetlands

71
Riparian wetlands

17
Vleis

53
Figure 15
Wetlands (general unspecified and mixed)

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
Number
Figure 14 The spatial distribution of wetlands in the Western Cape incorporated in the Directory Database

30° 18° 19° 20° 21° 22° 23° 24°

30°

Western Cape Wetlands Directory Data

31° 31°

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27
The number of wetlands in each size and depth class was calculated, in addition to the
number in each pH and salinity class (Figure 16). These were determined from the original
data source.
The majority of information sources did not provide information on these wetland
characteristics, with 355, 513, 399 and 466 unspecified for size, depth, pH and salinity
respectively. For those for which data were available, 101 and 96 wetlands were in size
classes >100 ha and 1-10 ha respectively. Eighty and 70 were within depth classes 0 – 0.5m
and >2m respectively, 133 and 124 were alkaline (pH > 8) or neutral (pH: 6 – 8) respectively,
and the majority were classed as brak (n=113).
The dearth of information on even basic parameters such as size and pH reflects how poorly
known wetlands are or how non-standardised studies on wetlands of the Western Cape are.
It is hoped that the use of standardized datasheets produced during this project will remedy
these omissions in the future, by guiding researchers and consultants on the important
components to include when assessing a wetland.

Figure 16 Number of wetlands in each size, depth, pH and salinity class

(total = 703, note this is an approximation)
600 400
513 355
500
300
400
Number
Number

300 200

200 101
96
100
100 80 70 54 58
40 39

0 0
<1ha

1 -10 ha

10 - 20ha

20 - 100ha

>100ha

Unspecified
0 - 0.5m

0.5 - 2m

>2m

Unspecified

500 466
399
400
400
Number
Number

300
300

200 200
124 133
113
100 47 100 71
25 28
0 0
Neutral (6 - 8)

Alkaline (>8)

Unspecified
Acid (<6)

Saline
Fresh

Brak

Hypersaline

Unspecified

28
4.3 Available data

Based on the data incorporated into the directory, the number of wetlands for which physico-
chemical, biotic and/or habitat data are available were tabulated and are presented in
Figures 17 to 32. Physico-chemical data are available for approximately 56% of the
wetlands, whilst biotic and habitat data are available for 74% and 12% of the wetlands
respectively. Of the eleven physico-chemical variables examined, pH and conductivity are
the most commonly measured (347 and 324 respectively), followed by nutrients, turbidity and
temperature (Figure 17).
Of the ten biotic components examined, birds and vegetation were the most commonly
assessed (319 and 300 respectively), followed by algae (141), aquatic invertebrates (135)
and amphibians (120). The other biotic components, including mammals were assessed at
fewer than 70 wetlands (Figure 18). Habitat assessments have been undertaken at only
12% of the wetlands in the directory (84 in total). The high number of bird and vegetation
studies reflects the prolific output of certain institutions (e.g. the Avian Demographic Unit)
and the interest in the vegetation diversity in the Cape Floristic Kingdom. Wetlands are
traditionally considered particularly important for birds.
The spatial distribution of wetlands for which physico-chemical data (Figure 19), biotic data
(Figures 20 to 31) and habitat assessment data (Figure 32) are available is given.

Figure 17 The number of wetlands with physico-chemical data. The different

variables are provided. Physico-chemistry data were collected at
approximately 56% of the 703 wetlands.

400
347
350 324

300

250
Number

206
200
144
150 117
100 65 67
62
50 35
16 15
0
Temperature

Turbidity

pH

Conductivity

Total Dissolved Solids

Dissolved 0xygen

Nutrients

Suspended solids

Particulate organic matter

Pesticides

Faecal coliforms

29
Figure 18 The number of wetlands with biotic and habitat data. Biotic and
habitat data were collected at approximately 74% and 12% of the
703 wetlands respectively.

350
319
300
300

250
Number

200
167
150 135 141
120
100 84
68
51 42 49 41
50 31

0
Vegetation

Mammals

Birds

Reptiles

Amphibians

Fish

invertebrates

Plankton

Algae

Bacteria

Endemics

Threatened

Assessment
species

Habitat
Aquatic

4.3 Catchment condition, land use and threats to wetlands

Using data extracted from the Directory Database, an analysis was undertaken to identify the
24 major catchment land uses identified as threats to wetlands (Figure 33). It should be
noted that threats were often not provided in many of the data sources. This analysis should,
however, provide a general indication of the relative threat of each land use.
The major threat identified was invasion of terrestrial alien vegetation, followed by physical
modification, agriculture (crops), urban development and water abstraction. If the general
“pollution” category was combined with the more specific “eutrophication” and “sewage
disposal”, all of which impact the quality of the water, then deterioration in water quality also
poses a serious threat to wetlands in the Western Cape.

30
Figure 19 Spatial distribution of wetlands with physico-chemical data
30° 18° 19° 20° 21° 22° 23° 24°
30°

Physico-Chemical Data

31° 31°

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Figure 20 Spatial distribution of wetlands with vegetation data

30° 18° 19° 20° 21° 22° 23° 24°
30°

Biotic Data - Vegetation

31° 31°

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31
Figure 21 Spatial distribution of wetlands with mammal data
30° 18° 19° 20° 21° 22° 23° 24°
30°

Biotic Data: Mammals

31° 31°

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30° 18° 19° 20° 21° 22° 23° 24°
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32
Figure 23 Spatial distribution of wetlands with reptile data
30° 18° 19° 20° 21° 22° 23° 24°
30°

Biotic Data: Reptiles

31° 31°

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30° 18° 19° 20° 21° 22° 23° 24°
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Biotic Data: Amphibians

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33
Figure 25 Spatial distribution of wetlands with fish data
30° 18° 19° 20° 21° 22° 23° 24°
30°

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30° 18° 19° 20° 21° 22° 23° 24°
30°

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31° 31°

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34
Figure 27 Spatial distribution of wetlands with plankton data
30° 18° 19° 20° 21° 22° 23° 24°
30°

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30° 18° 19° 20° 21° 22° 23° 24°
30°

Biotic Data - Algae

31° 31°

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35
Figure 29 Spatial distribution of wetlands with bacterial data
30° 18° 19° 20° 21° 22° 23° 24°
30°

Biotic Data: Bacteria

31° 31°

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Figure 30 Spatial distribution of wetlands with data on endemic species

30° 18° 19° 20° 21° 22° 23° 24°
30°

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31° 31°

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36
Figure 31 Spatial distribution of wetlands with threatened species
30° 18° 19° 20° 21° 22° 23° 24°
30°

Biotic Data - Threatened Taxa

31° 31°

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Figure 32 Spatial distribution of wetlands with habitat assessment data

30° 18° 19° 20° 21° 22° 23° 24°
30°

Habitat Assessment Data

31° 31°

32° 32°
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37
 Water abstraction
Urban development
Transfer of genetic material
Solid waste disposal
Sewage disposal
Rural development
Road network
Removal of riparian vegetation
Pollution
Physical modification (bulldozing, weirs)
Mining
Informal settlement
Catchment land uses that potentially threaten to wetlands

Industrial development

38
Harvesting of flora and fauna
Forestry (afforestation and deforestation)
Eutrophication
Erosion and Sedimentation
Construction/infilling
Alien invasive vegetation (terrestrial)
Alien invasive vegetation (aquatic)
Alien invasive fauna
Agriculture - livestock
Agriculture - irrigation
Agriculture - crops
140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
Number
Figure 33
5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A
WETLAND INVENTORY DATABASE

This project has resulted in the development of a directory of information on existing

initiatives, research and publications pertaining to wetlands of the Western Cape. During the
course of the project it became clear that the amount of information available was extensive
and that this first phase of project could not incorporate all work we identified for potential
inclusion, due to the time frame and budgetary constraints of this project. It is also likely that
the list of potential references is incomplete (Appendix 2). This illustrates the first finding to
emerge from this study – the directory has provided an important initial step to identifying
work that has been done on wetlands in the Western Cape, and also demonstrates that this
body of work is sizeable.

5.1 Utility of the Directory Database

• The directory will serve as a useful resource for wetland practitioners.

• It should minimize duplication and allow practitioners to identify research gaps, both
spatially and in terms of actual data.

• It will assist in the management and conservation of wetlands.

• The directory will facilitate the development of a programme prioritising areas for
research, management and funding.
• The spatial information in the GIS point coverage will be of value to conservation
planning.

5.2 Constraints and limitations

The directory was designed to cater to a wide variety of needs, from civil society groups to
highly technical practitioners. As yet, this has not been too problematic, but the exceptionally
wide user-group base indicates that the end product from this first phase may not be exactly
what each user envisaged, e.g. it may be too detailed for some users.
The project team was unable, during the course of this project, to attend the Southern Cape
Forum meeting(s). Whilst we were represented at these meetings, we may have failed to
capture information from the Southern Cape group.
Of the 448 studies captured in the directory, many were related to birds, and/or for estuarine
systems. The former is due to the fact that ornithological studies were commonly available in
the public domain, whilst other studies such as those on vegetation and invertebrates, for
example, were often reported in consultancy reports which were not as readily available.
Literature pertaining to estuaries was also readily available, combined with significant public
funding allocated to estuarine research in the 1980s.
The data reported in studies or papers were extremely variable with some studies providing
very basic information on the wetland and associated data, whilst others included detailed
value-laden information.

39
5.3 Observations related to data quality

During the course of this project it became evident that the quality of data provided in reports,
etc., were often lacking and or unclear. In particular:

• Inconsistencies in naming a wetland;

• No geo-reference provided, or inaccurate or incorrect geographic information;
• Extremely variable classification or typing of a wetland - this should be alleviated to
some extent when the new classification system is implemented (see previous
comments);
• Extremely variable estimates of wetland size and depth; and
• Highly variable pH and salinity classes given for the same wetland - this is likely to be
a seasonal artifact.

5.4 Maintenance of the Western Cape Wetlands Directory Database

The directory structure and content will require maintenance and updating, to ensure that the
data remain current and useful. According to Malan and Day (2005) as many as 69 data
sets have been created for wetlands in South Africa, yet they are not currently used. The
main reasons for this probably lie in their availability and how current they are. It is vital that
a method to ensure that the Western Cape Wetlands Directory Database and future
Inventory, be maintained so that they remain current and useful. Issues to consider are:

• the need for the database to be widely available

• for the database to continually evolve to meet users’ needs
• to be maintained, and
• to be updated to ensure it is current.

5.5 Development of the Western Cape Wetlands Inventory database

The directory developed in this project is a useful platform for future development of a
wetlands inventory. In the present directory the structure is such that the core unit is the data
source, i.e. study, paper, report, etc. Linked to each source are several wetlands, and in
some instances several sites on each wetland. Future development of a wetlands inventory
should be designed such that each wetland becomes a unique entity, to which studies are
linked. Each wetlands may then have several sites, and be assessed at different time
periods. Development of such a database would require the skills of a database designer.
• Prior to the development of a Western Cape Inventory Database, the following should
be considered and evaluated:

• The status of the national inventory should be determined.

• The Wetlands Water Quality Database (Malan and Day 2005) and any other
inventories developed in the interim should be further evaluated - the aim would be to
evaluate the potential for these inventories, or components of these inventories, to be
utilised in the development of a new inventory.

40
• The current study of Ewart-Smith et al. (2005), which aims to develop a new national
classification system for wetlands in South Africa should be consulted to ensure that
the latest knowledge is incorporated into the database design.
• Further, it is recommended that the national data storage and management database
developed for the River Health Programme, the “Rivers Database” (Ewart-Smith and
Dallas 2003) be examined. This database allows for the capture of data by individual
users and transfer of data to a centralised server, thereby facilitating sharing of
information. It might be viable to develop a similar database, or modify the Rivers
Database, for the storage of wetland information such that it services the entire
country, including the Western Cape. This “Wetlands Database” would provide an
excellent platform for regional and national storage and management of wetland data.

6. REFERENCES

Cowan, G.I. and W. van Riet 1998. A directory of South African Wetlands. Department of
Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Pretoria.
DEAT. 2000. Environmental Potential Atlas (ENPAT): Western Cape Rivers. 1:250 000
scale. Pretoria, Department of Environment Affairs and Tourism, Republic of South
Africa.
Ewart-Smith J., D. Ollis, J.A. Day and H. Malan 2005. National Wetland Inventory:
development of a Wetland Classification System for South Africa. Workshop starter
document. Prepared for: The Water Research Commission (WRC) and South African
National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI).
Ewart-Smith J. and H.F. Dallas. 2003. Rivers Database Version 2.2: A User Manual.
National Aquatic Ecosystem Biomonitoring Programme Report Series No. 11. Revised
Edition. Institute for Water Quality Studies, Department of Water Affairs and Forestry,
Pretoria, South Africa.
Kaplan D.E. 1996. Reversing the brain drain: the care for utilising South Africa’s unique
intellectual diaspora. Science and Technology Research Centre, University of Cape
Town.
Kleynhans C.J., C. Thirion and J. Moolman. 2004. A Level I River Ecoregion classification
System for South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Report No. N/0000/00/REQ0104.
Resource Quality Services, Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Pretoria, South
Africa (DRAFT).
Kleynhans C.J., C. Thirion and J. Moolman. In prep. A Level II River Ecoregion
classification System for South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Resource Quality
Services, Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Pretoria, South Africa.
Kotze, D.C.; Marneweck, G.C.; Batchelor, A.L., Lindley, D.; Collins, N. 2004. Wetland-
Assess. A Rapid assessment procedure for describing wetland benefits Report
prepared for Mondi Wetland Project, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Low A.B. and A.G. Rebelo. 1996. Vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland.
Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Pretoria.

41
Peck D. 1999. Classification system for wetland type. In: Strategic framework for the list of
wetlands of international importance: Key documents of the Ramsar Conventions. 7th
Meeting of the conference of the contracting parties to the convention on wetlands
(Ramsar, Iran, 1971), San Jose, Costa Rica, 10-18 May 1999.
http://ramsoar.org/key_ris_types.htm.
Shaw K. A., and R. de Villiers. 2001. Sensitive Wetlands GIS coverage. 1:50 000 scale.
CapeNature, Jonkershoek, Western Cape.
Thompson M.W., H.M. Van den Berg, T.S. Newby and D. Hoare 2001. Guideline
Procedures for National Land-cover Mapping and Change Monitoring. Report No.
ENV/P/C 2001-006. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and
Agricultural Research Council (ARC).
van Nieuwenhuizen, G. D. P., and J. A. Day. 2000. Cape Action Plan for the Environment:
The Conservation of Freshwater Ecosystems in the Cape Floral Kingdom. Freshwater
Research Unit, Zoology Department, University of Cape Town., Cape Town.
Vegter J.R. 1995. Geology map of South Africa with simplified lithostratigraphy for
geohydrological use. (Simplified lithostratigraphy digitised by A Havenga, Council for
Geosciences, 1994). Water Research Commission TT 74/95.
Von Hase A., M. Rouget, N. Helme and K. Maze. 2003. Special habitats data layer. 1:50 000.
A fine-scale conservation plan for Cape Lowlands Renosterveld. Conservation Unit,
Botanical Society of South Africa. Report CCU 02/03.

42
Appendix 1. User groups consulted for the identification of national and regional
initiatives and the production of the generic field datasheet for the collection of
wetlands data

Interest Group Representative

Wetlands Forum and South African National

George Davies
Botanical Institute (SANBI)

Working for Wetlands Japie Buckle, Mandy Noffke

Department of Environmental Affairs and Dennis Laidler (Forwarded to others in his

Development Planning (DEADP) department)

CapeNature Dean Impson

EIA practitioners Dr Bill Harding, Dr Christine Colvin, Dr Liz Day

Department of Water Affairs and Forestry

Naomi Fourie
(DWAF)

City of Cape Town Candice Haskins

SANParks/Landcare Tertius Carinus

Municipal planners Dr Barrie Low

Botanical Society Nancy Job

Conservation planners Mathieu Rouget

Researchers Prof Jenny Day, Dr Heather Malan

Glencairn Education and Environment support

Enthusiasts (GEESE), Wildlife and Environment
Awareness groups/Campaigns
Society of South Africa (WESSA), Friends of
Zandvlei
Table Mountain Fund (TMF) – WWF-SA Julia Wood
Working for Wetlands (Steering Committee) John Dini

43
Appendix 2. A list of studies relevant for Western Cape Wetlands including studies
incorporated into the Western Cape Wetlands Directory database

1 "Froneman, A. 1997. The role of farm dams in conserving waterbird and wetland diversity in the
western Cape, South Africa. M.Sc. University of Cape Town, Cape Town."
2 "Hall, D. 1993. The ecology and control of Typha capensis in the wetlands of the Cape Flats,
South Africa. PhD. University of Cape Town, Cape Town."
3 "Jones, M. G. W. 2002. Developing a classification system for Western Cape wetlands. MSc.
thesis. University of Cape Town, Cape Town."
4 "Davies, H. 1997. An assessment of the suitability of a series of Western Cape farm dams as
waterbird habitats. M.Sc. (Conservation Biology). University of Cape Town, Cape Town."
5 "Harding, W. 1991. Ecology of urban-impacted coastal vleis on the Cape Flats near Cape Town,
with special reference to phytoplankton periodicity. MSc. University of Cape Town, Cape Town."
6 "Morant, P., and J. Grindley. 1982. Estuaries of the Cape. Part II. Synopses of available
information on individual systems. Report no. 14: Sand (CSW4). Research Report 413, CSIR,
Stellenbosch."
7 "De Villiers, M. Unknown. Determination of total standing stock and filtration rates of the
estuarine polychaete, Ficopomatus enigmaticus (Fauvel), in the Marina Da Gama, Zandvlei, in
the Western Cape. University of Cape Town."
8 "Silberbauer, M., and J. King. 1991. Geographical trends in the water chemistry of wetlands in
the south-western Cape Province, South Africa. Southern African Journal of Aquatic Sciences
17:82-88."
9 "Kalejta-Summers, B., M. M, and L. Underhill. 2001. Long-term trends, seasonal abundance and
energy consumption of waterbirds at Strandfontein, Western Cape, South Africa, 1953-1993.
The Ostrich 72:80-95."
10 "Ashkenazi, S. 2001. Long-term trends in the breeding populations of waterbirds (1951-1985) at
a sewage treatment plant. Ostrich 72:10-19."
11 "Cowan, G., and G. Marneweck. 1996. South African National Report to the Ramsar
Convention. Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism., Pretoria."
12 "Whitfield, A. 2000. Available scientific information on individual South African estuarine
systems. WRC No. 577/3/00, JLB Smith Institute of Ichythyology, Grahamstown."
13 "Noble, R., and J. Hemens. 1978. Inland water ecosystems in South Africa - a review of
research needs. 34, CSIR."
14 "Davies, B. 1984. The zoobenthos of the Touw River floodplain. J.Limnol.Soc.sth.Afr. 10:62-73."
15 "Davies, B. 1982. Studies on the zoobenthos of some southern Cape coastal lakes. Spatial and
temporal changes in the benthos of Swartvlei, South Africa, in relation to changes in the
submerged littoral macrophyte community. J.Limnol.Soc.sth.Afr. 8:33-45."
16 "Coetzee, D. 1981. Zooplankton distribution in relation to environmental conditions in the
Swartvlei system, southern Cape. J.Limnol.Soc.sth.Afr. 7:5-12."
17 "Howard-Williams, C. 1980. Aquatic macrophyte communities of the Wilderness Lakes:
community structure and associated environmental conditions. J.Limnol.Soc.sth.Afr. 6:85-92."
18 "Coetzee, D. 1980. Zooplankton and environmental conditions in Groenvlei, southern Cape,
during 1976. J.Limnol.Soc.sth.Afr. 6:5-11."
19 "Maree, R., A. Whitfield, and N. Quinn. 2003. Prioritisaton of South African estuaries based on
their potential importance to estuarine-associated fish species. WRC Report No. TT 203/03, JLB
Smith Institute of Ichythyology, Pietermaritzburg, Centre for Environment and Development,
Water Research Commission, Grahamstown."

44
20 "Coetzee, J. C., J. B. Adams, and G. C. Bates. 1997. A botanical importance rating system of
selected estuaries. Water SA 23:81-93."
21 "Turpie, J. 1995. Prioritizing South African estuaries for conservation: a practical example using
waterbirds. Biol. Cons. 74:175-185."
22 "Damstra, K. S. J. 1980. The Ecology of Onrus Lagoon. Habitat Working Group, UCT, Cape
Town."
23 "ADU, c. M. W. various - earliest 2000. CWAC Waterbird counts. Avian demography Unit,
Department of Statistics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town."
24 "CSIR. 1983. The SANCOR Estuaries Programme. Report No 67., Council for Scientific and
Industrial Research, Pretoria."
25 "Murison, G. unpubl yet. Aspects of the ecology of the waterbirds at the lower Berg River
wetlands, South Africa - requirements for effective conservation management. Unpubl report.,
Percy Fitzpatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town."
26 "Rogers, J. 1985. Geomorphology, offshore bathymetry and quaternary lithostratigraphy around
the Bot River estaury. Trans. Roy. Soc.S. afr. 45:211-237."
27 "Van Heerden, I. 1985. Barrier/ estuarine processes, Bot River estuary - an interpretation of
aerial photographs. Transactions of the Royal Society of Southern Africa 45:239-251."
28 "Willis, J. 1985. Bathymetry, environmental parameters and sediments of the Bot River estuary.
Trans. Trans. Roy. Soc.S. afr. 45:253-283."
29 "van Foreest, D. 1985. A numerical model for the wind-driven circulation in the Bot River
estuary. Trans. Roy. Soc.S. afr. 45:285-289."
30 "Bally, R. 1985. Historical records of the Bot River estuarine system. Transactions of the Royal
Society of Southern Africa 45:291-303."
31 "Fromme, G. 1985. The hydrology of the Bot River estuary. Transactions of the Royal Society of
Southern Africa 45:305-315."
32 "Bally, R., and C. McQuaid. 1985. The physical and chemical characteristics of the waters of the
Bot river estuary, South Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of Southern Africa 45:317-
331."
33 "Bally, R., C. McQuaid, and S. Pierce. 1985. Primary production of the Bot River estuary, South
Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of Southern Africa 45:333-345."
34 "Roberts, C., G. Branch, and F. Robb. 1985b. The effect of salinity and temperature variations
on the bacterial populations in the Bot River estuary. Transactions of the Royal Society of
Southern Africa 45:347-352."
35 "Roberts, C., G. Branch, and F. Robb. 1985a. The annual cycle of free-floating bacteria in the
Bot River estuary. Transactions of the Royal Society of Southern Africa 45:353-362."
36 "Coetzee, D. 1985. Zooplankton and some environmental conditions in the Bot River Estuary.
Trans. Roy. Soc.S. afr. 45:363-377."
37 "De Decker, H., and R. Bally. 1985. The benthic macrofauna of the Bot River Estuary, South
Africa, with a note on its meiofauna. Trans. Roy. Soc.S. afr. 45:379-396."
38 "Heyl, C., and M. Currie. 1985. Variations in the use of the Bot River Estuary by water-birds.
Trans. Roy. Soc.S. afr. 45:397-417."
39 "Capenature. 1991,1992. Chief Directorate nature and environmental conservation, CPA
Waterfowl census."
40 "Semmelink, M. 1990. An introduction to the study of phospohorus dynamics in Rondevlei.
University of Cape Town, Cape Town."
41 "Van Niewenhuizen, G., and e. al. 1999. Cape Action Plan for the Environment: The
conservation of freshwater ecosystems in the Cape Floral Kingdom. Cape Action for People and
the Environment."

45
42 "Stewart, B., and R. Bally. 1985. The ecological role of the red-knobbed coot Fulica cristata
Gmelin at the Bot River Estuary, South Africa: a preliminary investigation. Transactions of the
Royal Society of South Africa 45:419-426."
43 "Kareko, J. K. 2004. The interaction between vegetation and near-surface water in a wetland
system, Stellenbosch, South Africa. Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch."
44 "Gardiner, A. 1988. A study of the water chemistry and plankton in the black water lakelets of
the SW Cape. University of Cape Town, Cape Town."
45 "Barnes, K. N. 1988. The Important Bird Areas of southern Africa. Avian Demography
Unit/BirdLife South Africa."
46 "De Decker, H. P., and B. A. Bennett. 1985. A comparison of the physiological condition of the
southern mullet Liza richardsoni (Smith), in a closed estuary and the sea. Transactions of the
Royal Society of South Africa 45:427-436."
47 "Bennet, B. A. 1985. A mass mortality of fish associated with low salinity conditions in the Bot
River Estuary. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 45:437-447."
48 "Bennet, B., K. Hamman, G. Branch, and S. Thorne. 1985. Changes in the fish fauna of the Bot
River estuary in relation to opening and closure of the estuary mouth. Transactions of the Royal
Society of Southern Africa 45:449-464."
49 "Branch, G., R. Bally, H. Bennet, and G. Fromme. 1985. Synopsis of the impact of artificially
opening the mouth of the Bot River estuary: implications for management. Transactions of the
Royal Society of Southern Africa 45:465-483."
50 "Coetzee, D. J. 1982. Stomach content analyses of Gilchristella aestuarius and Hepsetia
breviceps from the Swartvlei system and Groenvlei, southern Cape. S.Afr.J.Zool. 17(2):59-66."
51 "Branch, G., and J. Day. 1984. The ecology of South African estuaries. Part XIII. The Palmiet
River estuary in the south-western Cape. . South African Journal of Zoology 19:63-77."
52 "Howard-Williams, C. 1977. The distribution of nutrients in Swartvlei, a southern Cape coastal
lake. Water SA 3:213-217."
53 "Slinger, J. H., and S. Taljaard. 1994. Preliminary investigation of seasonality in the Great Berg
Estuary. Water SA 20:279-288."
54 "Taljaard, S., G. A. Eagle, and H.-K. Hennig. 1986. The Palmiet Estuary: a model for water
circulation using salinity and temperature measurements over a tidal cycle. Water SA 12:119-
126."
55 "Harrison, J. A., and D. M. Harebottle. 2001. Gull and ibis breeding colonies at a constructed
wetland, Western Cape. Bird Numbers 10:40-41."
56 "Harrison, J. A., M. McIver, and D. Weyers. 2001. Breeding at constructed heronries at Blouvlei,
Western Cape. Bird Numbers 10:38-39."
57 "Harrison, K. 2004. The lower Berg River wetlands as a roost site for coastal birds. Bird
Numbers 13:18."
58 "Barnes, E., B. R. Davies, and J. A. Harrison. 1998. Ecological problems at Wildevoelvlei,
Kommetjie. Bird Numbers 7:12-14."
59 WESSA. 2002. WESSA: Western Cape helps with important wetland restoration project. Pages
32-33 in African Wildlife.
60 "Gubb, A., and M. Preen. 2002. The Noordhoek Wetlands Rehabilitation Project: teaming
ecological restoration with social justice. African Wildlife 56:46-47."
61 "Orban, F. 2005. Voelvlei DataSheet Information from Mr Fred Orban of Boggomsbaai
Conservancy. in."
62 "ADU, T. B. C. 2000. Waterbird responses to management decisions at Botriviervlei, Western
Cape. Bird Numbers 9:39-45."

46
63 "Harebottle, D. M., Harrison, J.A. 2001. Changes in distribution and abundance of waterbirds in
South Africa. Bird Numbers 10:47-51."
64 "Maciver, M. 2003. Golf greens and blue-green algae: bird deaths at Melkbos Pan. Bird
Numbers 12:15-17."
65 "Coetzee, D. J. 1981. Analysis of the gut contents of the needle-fish, Hyporhamphus
knysnaensis, from Rondevlei, southern Cape. S.Afr.J.Zool. 16:14-20."
66 "van Driel, D. 2004. A bird kill at Melkbos Pan. Bird Numbers 13:6-12."
67 "Quick, A. J. R., and W. R. Harding. 1994. Management of a shallow estuarine lake for
recreation and as a fish nursery: Zandvlei, Cape Town, South Africa. Water SA 20:289-297."
68 "Baxter, A. J., and B. R. Davies. 1994. Palaeoecological insights for the conservation of aquatic
ecosystems in dryland environments: a case study of the Verlorenvlei system, South Africa.
Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 4:255-271."
69 "Guillet, A., and T. M. Crowe. 1987. Monthly and seasonal changes in the aquatic avifauna at
Rondevlei Bird Sanctuary (Cape Province of South Africa). Avocetta 11:1-16."
70 "Hockey, P. A. R., and C. T. Hockey. 1980. Notes on Caspian Tern Sterna caspia breeding near
the Berg River, southwestern Cape. Cormorant 8:7-10."
71 "Summers, R. W., J. Cooper, and J. S. Pringle. 1977. Distribution and numbers of coastal
waders (Charadrii) in the southwestern Cape, South Africa, summer 1975-1976. Ostrich 48:85-
97."
72 "Underhill, L. G. 1987. Waders (Charadrii) and other waterbirds at Langebaan Lagoon, South
Africa, 1975-1986. Ostrich 58:145-155."
73 "Talbot, F. H. 1955. Notes on the biology of the white stumpnose Rhabdosargus globiceps
(Cuvier), and on the fish fauna of the Klein River Estuary. Transactions of the Royal Society of
South Africa 34:387-407."
74 "Millard, N. A. H., and K. M. F. Scott. 1954. The ecology of South African estuaries. Part VI.
Milnerton Lagoon and the Diep River, Cape. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa
34:279-324."
75 "Wallace, J. H., H. M. Kok, L. E. Beckley, B. A. Bennet, S. J. M. Blaber, and A. K. Whitfield.
1984. South African estuaries and their importance to fishes. South African Journal of Science
80:203-207."
76 "Kalejta, B., and P. A. R. Hockey. 1994. Distribution of shorebirds at the Berg River estuary,
South Africa, in relation to foraging mode, food supply and environmental features. IBIS
136:233-239."
77 "Kalejta, B. 1992. Distribution, biomass and production of Ceratonereis erythraeensis and
Ceratonereis keiskama at the Berg River estuary South Africa. South African Journal of Zoology
27:121-129."
78 "Kalejta, B. 1992. Time budgets and predatory impact of waders at the Berg River Estuary.
Ardea 80:327-342."
79 "Largier, J. L. 1986. Structure and mixing in the Palmiet Estuary, South Africa. South African
Journal of Marine Science 4:139-152."
80 "Koop, K., R. Bally, and C. D. McQuaid. 1983. The ecology of South African estuaries. Part XVII.
The Bot River, a closed estuary in the south-western Cape. S.Afr.J.Zool. 18:1-10."
81 "Scott, K. M. F., A. D. Harrison, and W. Macnale. 1952. The ecology of South African estuaries.
Part II. The Klein River Estuary, Hermanus, Cape. Trans. Roy. Soc.S. afr. 33:283-331."
82 "Day, J. H., N. A. H. Millard, and A. D. Harrison. 1952. The ecology of South African estuaries:
Part III. Knysna: a clear open estuary. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 33:367-
413."
83 "Harrison, A. D. 1962. Hydrobiological studies on alkaline and acid still waters in the Western
Cape Province. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 36:213-243."

47
84 "Christie, N. D., and A. Moldan. 1977. Distribution of benthic macrofauna in Langebaan Lagoon.
Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 42:273-284."
85 "Flemming, B. W. 1977. Distribution of recent sediments in Saldanha Bay and Langebaan
Lagoon. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 42:317-340."
86 "Grindley, J. R. 1977. The zooplankton of Langebaan Lagoon and Saldanha Bay. Transactions
of the Royal Society of South Africa 42:341-370."
87 "Grobler, D. C., and E. Davies. 1979. Sediments as a source of phosphate: A study of 38
impoundments. Water SA 7:54-60."
88 "Henry, J. L., S. A. Mostert, and N. D. Christie. 1977. Phytoplankton production in Langebaan
Lagoon and Saldanha Bay. Trans. Roy. Soc.S. afr. 42:383-398."
89 "Puttick, G. M. 1977. Spatial and temporal variations in inter-tidal animal distribution at
Langebaan Lagoon, South Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 42:403-
440."
90 "Shannon, L. V., and G. H. Stander. 1977. Physical and chemical characteristics of water in
Saldanha Bay and Langebaan Lagoon. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa
42:441-459."
91 "Simons, R. H. 1977. The algal flora of Saldanha Bay. Trans. Roy. Soc.S. afr. 42:461-482."
92 "Summers, R. W. 1977. Distribution, abundance and energy relationships of waders (Aves:
Charadrii) at Langebaan Lagoon. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 42:483-
495."
93 "Willis, J. P., H. H. G. Fortuin, and J. A. Eagle. 1977. A preliminary report on the geochemistry of
recent sediments in Saldanha Bay and Langebaan Lagoon. Transactions of the Royal Society of
South Africa 42:497-509."
94 "Albrecht, G. 2004. An evaluation of water chemistry and its effects on the ichthyofauna of three
estuaries entering False Bay. University of Cape Town."
95 "Bird, M. S. 2004. A study of the macroinvertebrate and zooplankton fauna of a number of
seasonally alkaline wetlands on the Cape Flats, Western Cape, South Africa. University of Cape
Town."
96 "Christie, N. D. 1981. Primary production in Langebaan Lagoon. Pages 101-115 in J. Day,
editor. 1975-1976. AA Balkema, Cape Town."
97 "Grindley, J. R. 1981. Estuarine plankton. Pages 117-146 in J. H. Day, editor. Estuarine
ecology, with particular reference to southern Africa. School of Environmental Studies,
University of Cape Town."
98 Anon. 1992. South Africa designates five new wetlands. Pages 1 in South African WETLANDS.
99 "Marneweck, G. C., and G. I. Cowan. 1995. Ramsar site update. Pages 8-10 in South African
WETLANDS."
100 "Marneweck, G. C. 1996. Urban wetlands - a conservation challenge. Pages 10-11 in South
African WETLANDS."
101 "Harding, W. R. 1998. Saving a wetland and a marine mussel resource. Pages 3-4 in South
African WETLANDS."
102 "Adriaans, R. 1998. Effective management necessary to enhance Khayelitsha wetlands. Pages
11-13 in South African WETLANDS."
103 "Spinks, A., and M. Luger. 1999. Management of the Rietvlei/Diep River system. Pages 8-10 in
South African WETLANDS."
104 "Hanekom, N., and P. Nel. 2000. Alien mussel invades the Langebaan Ramsar site. Pages 7,11
in South African WETLANDS."
105 "Luger, M., and J. Rainsford. 2001. Khayelitsha Wetlands: from liability to asset in a fortnight.
Pages 17-18 in South African WETLANDS."

48
106 "Bornman, T. G., and J. B. Adams. 2001. Freshwater requirements of supratidal and floodplain
saltmarsh vegetation: Case study - Olifants River Estuary. Pages 19, 21 in South African
WETLANDS."
107 "Butcher, S. E. 1984. Environmental factors and the water regime of de Hoop Vlei. Research
Report No 45, School of Environmental Studies, University of Cape Town."
108 "Scott, H. A. 1986. De Hoop Nature Reserve. Cape Department of Nature and Environmental
Conservation."
109 "Millar, D. 1996. Benthic and planktonic invertebrates in De Hoop Vlei - a coastal lake.
University of Cape Town."
110 "Orren, M. J., G. A. Eagle, A. H. Fricke, P. J. Greenwood, H. F.-K. O. Hennig, and P. D. Bartlett.
1981. Preliminary pollution surveys around the south-western Cape coast. Part 4: Salt River
mouth, Table Bay. South African Journal of Science 77:183-188."
111 "Fox, J. 2000. The land of the lost marsh. Pages 71-79 in Getaway."
112 "Jacot Guillarmod, A. 1982. Checklist of the aquatic and floodplain vegetation of the Wilderness
Lakes, southern Cape. Bontebok 2:41-51."
113 "Harding, W. R. 1997. Phytoplankton production in a shallow, well-mixed, hypertrophic South
African lake. Hydrobiologia 344:87-102."
114 "Howard-Williams, C., and B. R. Davies. 1979. The rates of dry matter and nutrient loss from
decomposing Potamogeton pectinatus in a brackish south-temperate coastal lake. Fresh Water
Biology 9:13-21."
115 "Bally, R., and G. M. Branch. 1986. The Bot River Estuary - should we interfere? Pages 230-239
in African Wildlife."
116 "Byren, B. A., and B. R. Davies. 1986. The influence of invertebrates on the breakdown of
Potamogeton pectinatus L. in a coastal marina (Zandvlei, South Africa). Hydrobiologia 137:141-
151."
117 "Davies, B. R., and B. A. Stewart. 1984. A note on salinity and oxygen stratification in the Marina
Da Gama, Zandvlei. Journal of the Limnological Society of southern Africa 10:76-78."
118 "Stewart, B. A., and B. R. Davies. 1986. Effects of macrophyte harvesting on invertebrates
associated with Potamogeton pectinatus in the Marina da Gama, Zandvlei, Western Cape.
Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 46:35-49."
119 "Coetzee, D. J. 1986. Zooplankton and some environmental conditions in De Hoop Vlei, a
southern Cape coastal lake. Bontebok 5:10-16."
120 "Bally, R. 1987. Conservation problems and management options in estuaries: the Bot River
Estuary, South Africa, as a case-history for management of closed estuaries. Environmental
Conservation 14:45-51."
121 "Coetzee, D. J. 1983. Zooplankton and environmental conditions in a Southern Cape coastal
system. J.Limnol.Soc.sth.Afr. 9:1-11."
122 "Cowan, G. I. e. 1995. Appendix 1. Wetlands of International Importance listed by South Africa.
Pages 12-20 in G. I. e. Cowan, editor. Wetlands of South Africa. Department of Environmental
Affairs and Tourism, Pretoria."
123 "Rogers, K. H. 1995. Riparian wetlands. Pages 41-52 in G. I. Cowan, editor. Wetlands of South
Africa. Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Pretoria."
124 "Howard-Williams, C., and M. R. M. Liptrot. 1980. Submerged macrophyte communities in a
brackish South African estuarine-lake system. Aquatic Botany 9:101-116."
125 "Allanson, B. R. Unknown. Environmental factors in the limnology of coastal lakes in South
Africa. S.122 Marine/Freshwater, Rhodes University, Grahamstown."
126 "Coetzee, D. J., and N. G. Palmer. 1982. Algemene fisiese en chemiese toestande in Eilandvlei,
Langvlei en Rondevlei gedurende 1978. Bontebok 2:9-12."

49
127 "Harding, W. R. 1994. Water quality trends and the influence of salinity in a highly regulated
estuary near Cape Town, South Africa. South African Journal of Science 90:240-246."
128 "Thornton, J. A., H. Beekman, G. Boddington, R. I. Dick, W. R. Harding, M. Lief, I. R. Morrison,
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129 "Martin, A. R. H. 1960. The ecology of Groenvlei, a South African fen. Part II. The secondary
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130 "Toens, P. D. a. a., Consulting Geologists and Hydrogeologists. 1994. De Hoop Nature
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131 "McQuaid, J. Unknown. Primary productivity of De Hoop Vlei, South Africa. Assignment Zoology
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132 "Scott, H. A., and K. C. D. Hamman. 1988. Recent fish records from De Hoop Vlei, a southern
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133 "O'Riain, M. J. 2005. Information on Hout Bay Wetland - from wetland inventory datasheet. in."
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135 "Coetzer, A. H. 1986. Letter to Tony Gardiner, Ref Number JNO 16/9/16/4. in."
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137 Anon. 1935. Notes and Queries. The Cape Naturallist 1(2) 50-52.
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139 "Cameron, A. 2001. The development of the century. Earthyear 2:5-9."
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141 "Middlemiss, E. 1975. The Rondevlei Bird Sanctuary 1952-1974. Cape Divisional Council, Cape
Town."
142 "Day, J. H. 1981. The estuarine fauna. Pages 147-178 in J. H. Day, editor. Estuarine ecology,
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143 "Day, J. H. 1981. Estuarine flora. Pages 77-99 in J. H. Day, editor. Estuarine ecology, with
particular reference to southern Africa. AA Balkema, Cape Town."
144 "Mepham, J. S. 1987. The Wilderness Lakes. Pages 563-578 in M. J. Burgis and J. J. Symoens,
editors. Directory of African Wetlands and Shallow Waterbodies. Institut Francais de Recherche
Scientifique pour le Developpement en Cooperation., Paris."
145 "Mepham, J. S. 1987. Wetlands of the South West Cape. Pages 578-593 in M. J. Burgis and J.
J. Symoens, editors. Directory of African Wetlands and Shallow Waterbodies. Institut Francais
de Recherche Scientifique pour le Developpement en Cooperation., Paris."
146 "Dye, A. H., and J. P. Furstenburg. 1977. Estuarine meiofauna. Pages 179-186 in J. H. Day,
editor. Estuarine ecology, with particular reference to southern Africa. AA Balkema, Cape
Town."
147 "Day, J. H., S. J. M. Blaber, and J. H. Wallace. 1981. Estuarine Fishes. Pages 197-221 in J. H.
Day, editor. Estuarine ecology, with particular reference to southern Africa. AA Balkema, Cape
Town."
148 "Siegfried, W. R. 1981. The estuarine avifauna of southern Africa. Pages 223-250 in J. H. Day,
editor. Estuarine ecology, with particular reference to southern Africa. AA Balkema, Cape
Town."

50
149 "Marais, S. 2005. Jakkalsfontein Private Nature Reserve Wetlands."
150 "Lawson, G. 2005. Langevlei Wetlands - Datasheet. in."
151 "Lawson, G. 2005. Westlake Wetlands - Datasheet. in."
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155 "Sharples, J. 2005. Geelbeksvlei - Datasheet. in."
156 "Scoble, G. 2000. Flowing with the rhythm of Knysna. Pages 115-123 in Getaway."
157 "Daly, R. 2000. Children of the Bay. Pages 104-110 in Getaway."
158 "Lanz, C. 2000. A playground called Postberg. Pages 81-92 in Getaway."
159 "Hart, R. C. 1995. South African coastal lakes. Pages 103-130 in G. I. Cowan, editor. Wetlands
of South Africa. Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Pretoria."
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the Western Cape, Bellville."
Not in directory “ Mangnall, M. 1999. The roles of farm dams in conserving waterbirds in the
Western Cape. Pages 11-13 in South African Wetlands Newsletter."
Not in directory “ Martin, A. R. H. 1956. The ecology and history of Groenvlei. South African Journal
of Science 52:187-192."
Not in directory “ Martin, A. R. H. 1959. The stratigraphy and history of Groenvlei, a South African
coastal fen. Australian Journal of Botany. 7:142-167."
Not in directory “ McDowell, C. R. 1993. Vegetation assessment of the Berg River Estuary and
floodplain with evaluation of likley impacts arising from proposed upstream water
impoundments. Water Affairs Report, Ninham Shand, Cape Town."
Not in directory “ McDowell, C. R. 1993. Vegetation assessment aimed towards management of the
Rietvlei and lower Diep River systems. Unpub. Report, Institute for Plant Conservation,
University of Cape Town, Rondebosch."
Not in directory “ McDowell, C. R., and J. Ball. 1996. Century City development: specialist study on
vegetation. Monex."
Not in directory “ McShane, G. 1989. A preliminary investigation into an alleged *€*mosquito*€*
problem at Princess Vlei; Cape Town Municipal Control. . Report to the Town Planners
Department, Cape Town City Council."
Not in directory “ Middlemiss, E., and H. Langley. 1975. The birds of the Cape of Good Hope Nature
Reserve. Cape Divisional Council, Cape Town."
Not in directory “ Midgley, D. C., W. V. Pitman, and P. J. Middleton. 1994. Surface water resources
of South Africa 1990. Report 198/94, Water Research Commission."
Not in directory “ Morant, P. D. 1991. The estuaries of False Bay. Transactions of the Royal Society
of South Africa 47:629-640."
Not in directory “ Muir, D. G. 1972. The Noordhoek salt pan: an ecological survey. Unpublished UCT
project."
Not in directory “ Newman, N. N. 1999. Comparative fish survey of Zandvlei and Zeekoevlei
estuaries, with emphasis on management options. Unpublished Report, Rondevlei Nature
Reserve."
Not in directory “ NRIO. 1980. Effect of proposed Hangklip Dam on Palmiet River mouth. C/SEA
8048, National Research Institute for Oceanology, Stellenbosch."
Not in directory “ O'Callaghan, M. 1990. The ecology of the False Bay estuarine environments,
Cape, South Africa: Changes during the last fifty years. Bothalia 20:113-121."
Not in directory “ O'Callaghan, M. 1993. Salt marshes of the Cape (South Africa): Vegetation
dynamics and interactions. University of Stellenbosch."
Not in directory “ O'Callaghan, M. 1994. The marsh vegetation of Kleinmond lagoon. Bothalia
24:235-240."
Not in directory “ Oliff, W. D. e. 1976. South African National Marine Pollution Program. First and
second annual Reports, National Institute for Water Research, Durban."
Not in directory “ Parkington, J. 1982. Report on archaelogical research in the Verlore vlei 1976-
1979. Unpublished memorandum., Department of Environmental Studies, University of Cape
Town."

74
Not in directory “ Petitjean, M. O. G. 1987. Eerste River catchment management report. Freshwater
Research Unit, UCT."
Not in directory “ Puttick, G. M. 1980. Energy budgets of Curlew Sandpipers at Langebaan Lagoon,
South Africa. Estuarine Coastal Marine Science 11:207-215."
Not in directory “ Quick, A., and B. Bennett. 1989. Preliminary investigation into the role of Zandvlei
as an estuarine fish nursery. Ref 7771H/GB/RQ/dh/3. Unpublished., Internal report to Town
Planning Branch, Cape Town City Council."
Not in directory “ Quin, N. W., A. K. Whitfield, J. W. Hearne, and C. M. Breen. 1998. An index for the
management of South African estuaries for juvenile fish recruitment from the marine
environment. Fisheries management and Ecology 6:421-436."
Not in directory “ Ramm, A. E. 1990. Application of the commuity degradaton index to South African
Estuaries. Water Research 24:383-389."
Not in directory “ Randall, R. M., and J. D. Van Wyk. 1990. Wilderness Lakes. Department of
Environmental Affairs report."
Not in directory “ Ratte, T. W. 1976. Age and growth of Mugil richardsoni (Smith) in the Berg River
Estuary. Research Report 1976, Department of Nature and Environmental Conservation, Cape
of Good Hope."
Not in directory “ Ratte, T. W. 1978. 'n ondersoek na die invloed van stelnettery op vis in die
Botrivierstrandmeer. Research Report 1978, Department of Nature and Environmental
Conservation, Cape of Good Hope."
Not in directory “ Reddering, J. S. V. 1981. The sedimentology of the Keurbooms estuary. University
of Port Elizabeth."
Not in directory “ Reddering, J. S. V. 1983. An inlet sequence produced by migration of a small
microtidal inlet against longshore drift: the Keurbooms Inlet, South Africa. Sedimentology
30:201-218."
Not in directory “ Reddering, J. S. V., and K. Esterhuysen. 1983. Management proposals to counter
undesirable sediment accumulation in the Keurbooms Estuary. Transactions of the geological
Society of South Africa 86:87-91."
Not in directory “ Reddering, J. S. V., and K. Esterhuysen. 1984. Sedimentation in the Knysna
estuary. R.O.S.I.E. Report No. 9, Department Geology, University of Port Elizabeth."
Not in directory “ Robarts, R. 1973. A contribution to the limnology of Swartvlei: the effect of
physico-chemical factors upon primary and secondary production in the pelagic zone. Rhodes
University, Grahamstown."
Not in directory “ Robarts, R. D. 1976. Primary productivity of the upper reaches of a South African
estuary (Swartvlei). Jornal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 24:93-102."
Not in directory “ Robarts, R. D., and B. R. Allanson. 1977. Meromixis in the upper lake reaches of a
South African estuary (Swartvlei). Arch. Hydrobiol. 80:531-540."
Not in directory “ Roberts, C., F. T. Robb, and G. Branch. 1981. Microbial ecology of the Bot River
Estuary. South African Journal of Science 16:151."
Not in directory “ Robertson, H. G. 1981. Annual summer and winter fluctuations of Palaearctic and
resident waders (Charadrii) at Langebaan Lagoon, South Africa. 1975-1979. Pages 335-345 in
J. A. G. Cooper, editor. Proceedings of the symposium on birds of the sea and shore.1979.
African Seabird Group, Cape Town."
Not in directory “ Robinson, G. A. 1985. Management of the Wilderness Coastal lakes system. in
Coastal Zone '85: 4th Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management, Baltimore, Maryland."
Not in directory “ Rossouw, N., and P. Lochner. 2000. Final scoping report: Options for boundary
management on the northern edge of the Rietvlei Wetland Reserve. C.S.I.R. Report ENV-S C
2000-033 C, C.S.I.R., Stellenbosch."
Not in directory “ Rudnick, J. 1986. Report on ecological conditions at Zeekoevlei during 1984.
Report filed at Scientific Services Branch, Cape Town City Council."

75
Not in directory “ Russell, L. 1981. Karst surface landforms of the De Hoop Nature Reserve. .
University of Fort Hare."
Not in directory “ Russell, L. 1988. Karst surface landforms of the Cape coastal limestones. .
University of Fort Hare."
Not in directory “ Scott, A. 1995. De Hoop Nature Reserve. Cape Nature Conservation, Cape
Town."
Not in directory “ Scott, H. A. 1995. De Hoop Nature Reserve. . Pages Unknown in W. Petersen and
M. Tripp, editors. Birds of the southwestern Cape and where to watch them. Mondi Southern
Birds 20. Southern African Ornithological Society and the Cape Bird Club, Cape Town."
Not in directory “ Scott, H. A. 1995. De Hoop Nature Reserve. Jewel of the Western Cape. . Cape
Nature Conservation."
Not in directory “ Scott, H. A., and C. J. Burgers. 1996. A preliminary inventory of sensitive habitats
in the De Hoop Nature Reserve. . Unpubl. report, Cape Nature Conservation."
Not in directory “ Shand, N. 2000. Zandvlei Environmental Study: Draft Report. Report No:
3077/8957."
Not in directory “ Sharon, J. 1997. The morphological changes of the Langebaan sand spit.
University of Cape Town."
Not in directory “ Shaw, P. A. 1988. Lakes and pans. in B. P. Moon and G. F. Dardis, editors. The
Geomorphology of southern Africa. Southern Books, Johannesburg."
Not in directory “ Siegfried, W. R. 1963. Observations on the reproduction and feeding of the Cape
Kurper Sandelia capensis (C. and V.) in De Hoop Lake, Bredasdorp. Investigational Report 3,
Cape Department of Nature and Environmental Conservation."
Not in directory “ Silberbauer, M. J. 1981. A study of phosphorus dynamics in the main basin of
Swartvlei. Part II of M.Sc. Report. Rhodes University, Grahamstown."
Not in directory “ Sinclair, S. A. 1980. The rural settlement of Verlorenvlei in historical perspective.
University of Cape Town."
Not in directory “ Slinger, J. H. 1990. The potential for freshwater extraction from the Olifants
Estuary. CSIR Research Report 690., Stellenbosch."
Not in directory “ Sloman, R. J. L. 1983. The sediment distribution of the Klein River Estuary.
University of Cape Town."
Not in directory “ Smith, H. A. W. 1959. Voels van die de Hoopvlei. Annual Report 16, Cape
Department of Nature Conservation."
Not in directory “ Snook, D. J., M. Semmelink, and L. C.H. 1988. Some aspects of the long-term
data series from Rondevlei Bird Sanctuary. in Long term data series relating to southern Africa's
renewable natural resources., Pretoria."
Not in directory “ Southern Waters 1999. Westlake Wetland restoration project. Project no. SPM
E28/99. Final Scoping Report prepared for South Peninsula Municipality."
Not in directory “ Southern Waters 1999. Guidelines for the management and conservation of sago
pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatus) in Zandvlei. Prepared for South Peninsula Municipality."
Not in directory “ Southern Waters. 2000. Zandvlei Restoration Study: ecological assessment of
management scenarios. Prepared for Ninham Shand Consulting Engineers."
Not in directory “ Southern Waters. 2000. Zeekoevlei/Rondevlei Rehabilitation Study - Action Plan."
Not in directory “ Stephens, E. 1929. Freshwater aquatic vegetation of the south-western districts.
Speciality Press, Wynberg, Cape Town."
Not in directory “ Stern, J. E. 1983. Human ecology of the Botriviervlei system. Unpublished report,
Geography Department, University of Cape Town."
Not in directory “ Strydom, N. A., and A. K. Whitfield. 2000. The effects of a single freshwater
release into the Kromme Estuary. 4: larval fish response. Water SA 26:319-328."

76
Not in directory “ Summers, R. W., J. S. Pringle, and J. Coooper. 1976. The status of coastal
waders in the southwestern Cape., Cape Town."
Not in directory “ Taljaard, S., and J. H. Slinger. 1992. Assessment of hydrodynamic and water
quality aspects of the Berg River Estuary 1989/90. CSIR Report EMAS-D92006, Stellenbosch."
Not in directory “ Tajaard, S., S. de Villiers, A. H. Fricke, and W. S. Kloppers. 1992. Water quality
status of the Rietvlei/Milnerton lagoon system (Diep River estuary) - 1988/89. CSIR Data Report
EMAS-D 92007, CSIR, Stellenbosch."
Not in directory “ Taylor, D. 1983. The effects of a major macrophyte reduction upon primary
production in the littoral of Swartvlei. Arch. Hydrobiol. 96:345-353."
Not in directory “ Taylor, A. R. D., G. W. Howard, and G. W. Begg. 1995. Developing wetland
inventories in southern Africa: a review. Vegetatio 118:57-79."
Not in directory “ Thornton, J. A., P. H. McMillan, and P. Romanovsky. 1989. Perceptions of water
pollution in South Africa: case studies from two water bodies (Hartbeespoort Dam and Zandvlei).
South African Journal of Psychology 19:199-204."
Not in directory “ Tourism, D. o. W. A. a. 1994. Unpublished hydrological data, De Hoop Vlei.
DWAF."
Not in directory “ Tschortner, U. S. 1969. The influences of artificial physical changes on the ecology
of Rondevlei, Cape Province. Investigative Report No.13, Provincial Administration, Cape of
Good Hope."
Not in directory “ Turpie, J. 1999. Comment on the effect of the proposed diversion of water flow into
the Westlake wetlands on avifauna. Southern Waters."
Not in directory “ Underhill, L. G., and J. Cooper. 1982. Counts of waterbirds at coastal wetlands in
southern Africa, 1978-1981. Western Cape Wader Study Group and the Percy FitzPatrick
Institute of Ornithology, Cape Town."
Not in directory “ Uys, C. J., G. J. Broekhuysen, M. J., and J. G. R. Macleod. 1963. Observations on
breeding of the greater flamingo Phoenicopterus ruber Linnaeus in the Bredasdorp district,
South Africa. . The Ostrich 34:129-154."
Not in directory “ Uys, C. J., and J. G. R. Macleod. 1969. Further records for the de Hoopvlei region,
Bredasdorp. The Ostrich 40:136."
Not in directory “ Uys, C. J. 1983. Portrait of a fynbos habitat extraordinary - De Hoop vlei. Pages 5-
9 in African Wildlife."
Not in directory “ van der Merwe, C. V. 1976. 'n Algemene beskrywing van die De Hoop-
Natuurreservaat. Unpublished Research Report, Department of Nature and Environmental
Conservation, Cape Provincial Administration."
Not in directory “ van Heyden, M. 1990. Potential residence sites of anthropogenic chromium in
Princess Vlei, South Western Cape Province. University of Cape Town."
Not in directory “ van Rensburg, K. J. 1966. Growth of Tilapia mossambica (Peters) in De Hoop Vlei
and Seekoei Vlei. Investigational Report 9., Cape Department of Nature Conservation."
Not in directory “ van Wyk, J. 1970. An introduction to the ecology of Seekoevlei, Cape Peninsula.
Report to the Department of Nature Conservation, Division of Inland Fisheries, Cape Town."
Not in directory “ van Wyk, A. C. 1983. Effects of dredging on the Berg River Estuary."
Not in directory “ Waldron, B. N. 1968. The importance of water levels in the management of the
Klein River Estuary, Hermanus. University of Cape Town."
Not in directory “ Walmsley, R. D., and M. L. Botton. 1987. Proceedings of Symposium on Ecology
and Conservation of Wetlands in South Africa, 15-16 October 1987. Occasional Report Series
28: 15-22, FRD, CSIR Conference Centre, Pretoria."
Not in directory “ Walmsley, R. D., and E. A. Boomker. 1988. Inventory and classification of
wetlands in South Africa. No. 34."

77
Not in directory “ Wanless, R. M. 1992. Wetland floral community. A study of the structure and
determinants in Betty's Bay Vlei. University of Cape Town, Botany Department, Cape Town."
Not in directory “ Watling, R. J., and H. R. Watling. 1974. Environmental studies in Saldanha Bay
and Langebaan Lagoon.I: Trace metal concentrations in selected molluscs and algae. FIS
Special Report 70, unpublished."
Not in directory “ Watling, R. J., and H. R. Watling. 1975. Trace metal studies in Knysna Estuary.
Environment RSA 2:5-7."
Not in directory “ Watling, R. 1977. Trace metal distribution in the Wilderness Lakes. Special Report
No. FIS 147., CSIR, National Physical Research Laboratory., Pretoria."
Not in directory “ Watling, R. J., and H. R. Watling. 1980. Metal surveys in SouthAfrican estuaries.
IV. Keurbooms and Bitou Rivers (Plettenberg Lagoon), Groot River (Nature's Valley) and Storms
River. Special Report FIS 206, CSIR, National Physical Research Laboratory, Pretoria."
Not in directory “ Watling, R. J., and H. R. Watling. 1980. Metal surveys in SouthAfrican estuaries.
III. Hartenbos, Little Brak and Great Brak Rivers. Special Report FIS 205, CSIR, National
Physical Research Laboratory, Pretoria."
Not in directory “ Weisser, P. J., A. K. Whitfield, and C. M. Hall. 1992. The recovery and dynamics of
submerged aquatic macrophyte vegetation in the Wilderness lakes, southern Cape. Bothalia
22:283-288."
Not in directory “ Whitfield, A. K. 1984. The effects of prolonged aquatic macrophyte senescence on
the biology of the dominant fish species in a southern African coastal lake. Est. coast. Shelf.Sci
18:315-329."
Not in directory “ Whitfield, A. K. 1988. The Swartvlei estuary fish community and the influence of
food availability on resource utilization. Estuaries 11:160-170."
Not in directory “ Whitfield, A. K. 1992. A characterization of southern African estuarine systems.
South African Journal of Aquatic Sciences 18:89-103."
Not in directory “ Whitfield, A. K. 1997. Fish conservation in South African estuaries. Aquatic
Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 7:1-11."
Not in directory “ Winterbottom, J. M. 1957. The birds of De Hoop. Annual Report 14, Cape
Department of Nature Conservation."
Not in directory “ Wright, S. 1998. Report on a fish survey of Zeekoevlei. Unpublished report,
Department of Scientific Services, Cape Metropolitan Council."
Not in directory “ Wynberg, R. P., and G. M. Branch. 1991. An assessment of bait-collecting for
Callianassa kraussi Stebbing in Langebaan Lagoon, Western Cape, and of associated avian
predation. South African Journal of Marine Science 11:141-152."
Not in directory “ Wynberg, R. P., and G. M. Branch. 1994. Disturbance associated with bait
collecting for sand prawns (Callianassa kraussi) and mud prawns (Upogebia africana): long term
effects on the biota of intertidal sandflats. Journal of Marine Research 52:523-558."
Not in directory “ Zaloumis, E. A., and P. L. S. Milstein. 1975. The conservation of wetland habitats
for waterfowl in southern Africa. in Supplement to Afr.Wildl. 29."
Not in directory “ Zietsman, J., and R. Preston. 1973. Report on Sandvlei water quality.
Unpublished."

78
Appendix 3. Metadata for GIS coverages

Western Cape Wetlands Inventory GIS coverage

GIS METADATA : DETAILED REPORT

File Western Cape Wetlands Directory Data.shp
Description: Point coverage of wetlands included in Western Cape Wetlands Directory
database.

Copyright Holder: TMF-WWFSA Data Copyright? NO

Data Origin: Western Cape Wetlands Directory Database, compiled by Freshwater
Consulting Group
Capture Source: Freshwater Consulting Group
File date: 2005-12-16 To be distributed? YES

LEGEND PROPERTIES
Theme Type: Point
PROJECTION DATUM
Projection Name: Geographic - WGS84 Name: WGS84
Projection Type: SemiMajorAxis: 0
Central Meridian: 0 SemiMinorAxis: 0
Upper Parallel: 0 InverseFlattening: 0
Lower Parallel: 0

DETAILED NOTES
This layer was created using point data generated from the various reports and studies
included in the Western Cape Wetland Directory database (Dallas and Seymour 2006).
Wetlands were broadly defined using the definition used by the RAMSAR convention: i.e.
“areas of marsh, fen, peatland or water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary,
with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water the
depth of which at low tides does not exceed six meters” (Peck 1999)” This includes all
aquatic ecosystems such that wetlands included fall into three broad groups of marine,
estuarine and inland systems (see Dallas and Seymour 2005 for more details).
Where studies specified latitudes and longitudes (lat-longs), these were used to generate
point locations of the wetlands to which they referred. For studies that did not state lat-longs,
but which described proximity to landmarks or towns, this information, together with existing
GIS coverages (i.e., Sensitive Wetlands coverage (Shaw and de Villiers 2001) and the CAPE
freshwater component (van Nieuwenhuizen and Day 2000) was used to generate point
localities. These are indicated in the directory: if lat-longs given are derived from the original
data source, they are denoted as “data source”. If they were derived using landmarks and
supplementary GIS coverages, they are denoted as “map”.
Owing to varying accuracy and settings of GPS instruments and data sources, points often
did not align with each other or with the Sensitive Wetlands layer (Shaw and de Villiers 2001)
or CAPE freshwater component (van Nieuwenhuizen and Day 2000). These point were
therefore nudged so that they would align, and generated new lat-longs for these points. The
original data remain within the database, but the point GIS coverage (Western Cape
Wetlands Directory Data.shp) contains modified lat-longs.
Exceptions are noted under “Important notes and file status report”.

IMPORTANT NOTES AND FILE STATUS REPORT:

Please note that the following points could not be traced to a specific wetland:
Arabella – Here, we give one point, but the report refers to a number of sites. These should
be traceable if one has a copy of the report and accompanying maps.

79
Black River Wetlands – Again, here, we give one point, but the varying reports did not give
specific lat-longs, so we have allocated one point and hope that use of the reports will enable
users to find the relevant wetlands.
Bokramspruit Riparian wetlands – point along river allocated, unlikely to be exact location.
(Relevant DSI: 278)
Driftsands Nature Reserve – Allocated point within reserve – no detail on map precisely
where wetland is sited. (Relevant DSI: 435)
Keyser’s river wetlands – No lat-longs specified, and again, reports (Data Source Identifier
(DSI) Numbers: 2, 225 and 282) refer to more than one wetland no lat longs specified, so
one point given along the river, report and site visit may enable identification. Relevant
authors may be able to provide site.
Kuils River wetlands – three wetlands, also one point allocated, authors may be able to
provide a map. (Relevant DSI: 2, 388 and 436)
Malmesbury Golf Estate – again, one point generated. Map included in report will enable
more accurate identification of exact localities of specific wetlands, but we give one point on
the golf course to represent all wetlands reported (Relevant DSI: 284).
Pelican Park – A number of wetlands, including dune slack, disused water retention ponds,
etc. Only one point is given in WC Wetlands Inventory GIS coverage. Again, site visit may
elucidate. (Relevant DSI: 288).
Silvermine Riparian wetlands – point allocated on River course. Unlikely to be accurate, but
consultation of original report may enable siting. (Relevant DSI: 8)
Theewaterskloof/Kleinplaas – Point for Theewaterskloof dam allocated to this point.
Uintjieskuil – One point used to represent a number of sites. (Relevant DSI: 279)
UWC artificial wetland – Allocated UWC lat-longs. Do not know actual site of wetland on
campus.

REFERENCES

Dallas, H., C. L. Seymour, K. Snaddon and J. Ewart-Smith . 2006. Identification and collation
of existing information on the wetlands of the Western Cape. Table Mountain Fund of
WWF-SA, Report compiled by Freshwater Consulting Group, Cape Town.
Shaw, K. A., and R. de Villiers. 2001. Sensitive Wetlands GIS coverage. 1:50 000 scale.
CapeNature, Jonkershoek, Western Cape.
van Nieuwenhuizen, G. D. P., and J. A. Day. 2000. Cape Action Plan for the Environment:
The Conservation of Freshwater Ecosystems in the Cape Floral Kingdom. Freshwater
Research Unit, Zoology Department, University of Cape Town., Cape Town.

80
METADATA: TECHNICAL INFORMATION
CAPE LOWLAND RENOSTERVELD PROJECT

GIS Layer 5 – Special habitats

Silcrete and quartz patch locations were derived from the Cape Lowlands Renosterveld
vegetation map (see attached metadata). Only those with remaining natural vegetation were
included. Wetlands were derived from the WCNCB ‘sensitive wetlands’ GIS layer and the
Freshwater GIS component of C.A.P.E. Note that the wetland layer is not complete – many
wetlands that are present on the ground are not represented in this layer as they are
currently not mapped anywhere.

METADATA FOR GIS LAYER 5: SPECIAL HABITATS

FILE DETAILS
File name: special_habitats_dd
Data Origin: Botanical Society of SA (Cape Lowlands Renosterveld Project &
preparation of present infosheet); Freshwater Research Unit, UCT;
Chief Directorate of Surveys & Mapping; WCNCB.
Capture Source: Botanical Society of SA, Chief Directorate of Surveys & Mapping,
Freshwater Research Unit, WCNCB
Copyright Holder: Botanical Society of SA, Chief Directorate of Surveys & Mapping
Scale Digitized at: 1:50 000 Data 2003 (this layer) based on 1999
date: (C.A.P.E.), 2002 (Renosterveld
Project) & 1:50 000 mapsheets
(various dates)
LEGEND PROPERTIES
Legend Title: special_habitats.avl Feature Polygons (shapefile)
Type:
PROJECTIONS & DATUMS
Projection Name: Geographic (decimal degrees), i.e. Datum WGS84
unprojected name:
DATA DETAIL NOTES
Description: Silcrete patches, quartz patches, and wetlands in the Cape Lowlands
Renosterveld Project’s central domain. Note that NO special features
occurring in the buffer area (see planning domain infosheet) are included.
Purpose: Obtaining a comprehensive GIS layer of wetlands for conservation
planning and land use management purposes based on existing spatial
data layers.
Methodology: As part of the Cape Lowlands Renosterveld Project, selected habitats
were identified as special habitats and mapped as follows:
1. Locations of silcrete and quartz patches (characterised by specific
vegetation types) were derived from the vegetation map generated as part
of the project Only the portions of remaining intact vegetation (ie not
transformed by agriculture or development, as per the ‘remnants of natural
vegetation’ GIS layer) were included as special habitats.
2. The locations of wetlands are based on data from two sources:
1. the WCNCB ‘sensitive wetlands’ GIS layer and
2. a GIS layer of wetlands compiled by the C.A.P.E. Freshwater
component (1999), based on digitised 1:50 000 topographic mapsheets
(Surveys & Mapping). No metadata was available for this layer.
Dams were removed from these layers, and the ‘type’ of wetland called
‘erosion’ was also removed. Once the data layers had been combined and
cleaned, the result was checked against the 1:50 000 topographic
mapsheets to verify that no major wetland features had been excluded.

81
 NOTE: The wetland layer is not complete – many wetlands that are
present on the ground are not included as these are not mapped
anywhere. More detailed data do exist for some parts of the Western
Cape, but they are very sparse and discontinuous.
Available 1. Section 13 in Von Hase, A. et al. 2003. A fine-scale conservation
documents: plan for Cape Lowlands Renosterveld. Conservation Unit, Report 2/03.
Botanical Society of SA, Cape Town. Available on
www.botanicalsociety.org.za/ccu - see downloads.
2. WCNCB ‘Sensitive wetlands’ metadata
3. Van Nieuwehuizen, D. et al. 1999. C.A.P.E. Freshwater Reports.

ATTRIBUTE FIELDS
FIELD DESCRIPTION
Shape Polygon
Habitat1 Main type of habitat – wetland, silcrete patch, quartz patch or estuary.
Habitat2 Subtype of habitat (e.g. ‘non-perennial pan’ refers to a wetland that
holds water only at certain times of the year)
Name Name of wetland if available
Riversys River system that the wetland forms part of
Source Source of the spatial data – either C.A.P.E. Freshwater Component,
1999, Cape Lowlands Renosterveld Conservation Plan (Renosterveld
Project 2003) or WCNCB wetlands layer.
Area_ha Area of feature in ha

82
Water Management Areas
Scale 1: 2,000,000
Date 2004
Description Water Management Areas of South Africa
Owner Department of Water Affairs and Forestry
Owner address
Institute for Water Quality Studies
Department of Water Affairs and Forestry
Private Bag X313
PRETORIA
0001

Ecoregions
Scale 1: 2,000,000
Date 2005-01
Projection info Geographic. Spheroid Clarke1880. Datum Cap
Description Ecoregions (Level I) for South Africa derived from terrain and vegetation, with
some consideration of altitude, rainfall, runoff variability, air temperature, geology, soil.
Owner: Department of Water Affairs and Forestry
Owner: address
Institute for Water Quality Studies
Department of Water Affairs and Forestry
Private Bag X313
PRETORIA
0001
Owner_contact Neels Kleynhans
Owner_country South Africa
Owner_phone (012) 808 0374
Owner_fax (012) 808 0338
Owner_email MoolmanJ@dwaf.gov.za
Owner_website http://www-dwaf.pwv.gov.za/iwqs/gis_data/ecoregions/get-ecoregions.htm
Disclaimer
No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of this data -- this is a draft coverage and will
change as the owner incorporates more data sets. Note that lines (transition zones) between
regions are about 5km wide.

Description: Level I ecoregions for South Africa: 31.

This is a classification of South African into ecoregions according to the ecoregion approach
(Omernik 1987, 1995; Omernik and Bailey 1997). The aim of this document is to provide a
first step that can be used to type the river ecosystems of South Africa according to broad
similarities. This will provide a Level I ecoregion typing that can be used as the basis for
more detailed typing, i.e. Level II or more.
Ecosystems and their components display regional patterns that are reflected in spatially
variable combinations of causal factors such as climate, mineral availability (soils and
geology), vegetation and physiography. These factors interact, but the importance of each
factor in determining the character of ecosystems place to place. Omernik's (1987) approach
is based on patterns of terrestrial characteristics and on the premise that relatively
homogenous areas exist and that these areas can be defined by simultaneously analysing a
combination of causal and integrative factors. In this approach, ecoregions are regions of
relatively homogeneity in ecological systems or in relationships between organisms and their
environments.
Multiple characteristics are used at each level of a typing hierarchy. Ecological regions are
regions within which there is relative similarity in the mosaic of ecosystems and ecosystem
components (biotic and abiotic, aquatic and terrestrial). Maps of single characteristics only
illustrate regionalities in that characteristic. The delineation of ecological regions requires

83
evaluating maps of all geographic phenomena believed to cause or reflect spatial differences
in ecosystems. Where combinations of these phenomena coincide spatially, the ecosystems
are likely to be similar. The process requires qualitative examination to account for the
differences in generality, accuracy, and particular classifications of each map. The regions
are essentially sketched (Omernik 1995).

Omernik, J.M. 1987. Ecoregions of the conterminous United States. Annals of the
Association of American Geographers 77:118-125.
Omernik, J.M. 1995. Ecoregions: A spatial framework for environmental management. In:
W.S. Davis & T.P. Simon (Eds.), Biological assessment and criteria. Lewis Publishers,
Boca Raton, London, Tokyo.
Omernik, J.M. & R.G. Bailey. 1997. Distinguishing between watersheds and ecoregions.
Journal of the American Water Resources Association. 33: 935-949.

Further information and descriptions of individual ecoregions can be obtained from DWAF
internal report:
Kleynhans, CJ, Thirion, C and Moolman, J (2005). A Level I River Ecoregion classification
System for South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Report No. N/0000/00/REQ0104.
Resource Quality Services, Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Pretoria, South
Africa.
Kleynhans C.J., C. Thirion and J. Moolman. In prep. A Level II River Ecoregion
classification System for South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Resource Quality
Services, Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Pretoria, South Africa.

Catchments of South Africa – Secondary and Quaternary

Scale 1: 250,000
Date 1990
Description Catchments of South Africa – secondary, quartenary
Owner Department of Water Affairs and Forestry
Owner address
Institute for Water Quality Studies
Department of Water Affairs and Forestry
Private Bag X313
PRETORIA
0001

Vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland

Low, A.B. & Rebelo,A.G. (edit.) 1996, Vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland.
Pretoria: DEAT. This publication is available online at
http://www.ngo.grida.no/soesa/nsoer/Data/vegrsa/vegstart.htm</othercit>

Abstract: The Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, on request by the National
Botanical Institute and the South African Association of Botanists, sponsored the compilation
of a new vegetation map for South Africa. The work started in 1991 and culminated in the
publication of a full colour map and a companion booklet in 1995. The booklet has now been
updated and is available through the bookstores of the National Botanical Institute
Contact person: Tony Rebelo
National Botanical Institute
Tel: 27 +21 799 8690
Fax: 27 +21 797 6903
Email: rebelo@nbi.ac.za

84
Geology map of South Africa

Scale: 2,500,000
Date: 1995
Description: Geology map of South Africa with simplified lithostratigraphy for geohydrological
use
Owner: Water Research Commission & Department of Water Affairs & Forestry
Owner: address
The Water Research Commission,
PO Box 824
PRETORIA
0001
Owner_contact: The Executive Officer
Owner_country: South Africa
Owner_phone: (021) 330 0340
Owner_fax: (021) 331 2565
Disclaimer
This coverage represents groundwater on a regional scale, is not site-specific
and cannot be used for borehole siting or deducing any other site-specific
condition
Copyright_message
Portions of this work include intellectual property of the Council for
Geoscience, the Water Research Commission & the Department of Water Affairs &
Forestry.
Copyright_warning
Copyright data - not in the public domain
Copies of digital data may not be given to third parties
History: 1994 Simplified lithostratigraphy digitised by A Havenga, Council for
Geosciences
1995 Water Research Commission TT 74/95 report and 2 maps by JR Vegter:
"An explanation of a set of national groundwater maps" and "Groundwater
resources of the Republic of South Africa" sheets 1 & 2.

85
 WESTERN CAPE WETLANDS INVENTORY: DATASHEET
(Version 1: January 2006)

This datasheet has been developed for the Western Cape Wetlands Inventory. It forms
part of the TMF-funded project (ZA5095) undertaken by The Freshwater Consulting Group
(University of Cape Town) for the identification and collation of existing information on the
wetlands of the Western Cape. The datasheet is linked to the Western Cape Wetlands
Directory Database. For further information please refer to the review document (Dallas et
al. 2006). Note: The datasheet has been designed to capture as much information as
possible. If these data are not available, please leave the blocks blank.

SUMMARY INFORMATION
Contact person(s) Date
Organisation

If report, Title:

Telephone Email

Wetland Name Associated river (if any)

Degrees-minutes-seconds or Decimal degrees or Degrees & decimal minutes GPS setting
S ° ’ . ” S . ° S ° . ’ Cape datum Clarke 1880
E 0 ° ’ . ” E0 . ° E0 ° . ’ WGS-84 datum HBH94

Closest town or mapped geographical feature Geographic region

Conservation status Protected Unprotected Partially-protected Unknown
Approximate size (hectares) (see note 1) <1 ha 1-10 ha 10-20 ha 20-100 ha > 100 ha
Type/Classification
Description
(Anecdotal
information that
characterizes the
site)
Note 1. Approximate sizes are difficult to gauge, but as a guideline, 1 ha is equivalent to about 1 1/3 rugby fields.

1. GENERAL WETLAND INFORMATION

Lat-long source data (see note 2) GPS GIS Map: Other:

Map Reference (1: 50 000) Altitude
Location (e.g. farm / reserve name)

Landowner / Manager’s name and

contact details

Note 2: Please provide information about the map you have used if you have obtained your lat-longs from a map: What is the map
source (e.g. Surveyor General’s office 1: 50 000 map, AA road map, etc). Also, please give the date of production of the map, if you
have this information.

86
2. WETLAND CHARACTERISATION*

Approx. maximum depth 0 – 0.5 m 0.5 – 2 m > 2m

Hydro- Hillslope Hillslope Depression
Valley bottom Valley bottom
geomorphic Floodplain seepage seepage not (including
with channel without channel
type feeding a river feeding a river pans)
If an estuary: Permanently open Temporarily closed Artificially controlled
Wetland context Single, discrete wetland Part of a mosaic of wetlands
Associated systems Other wetlands River Estuary Lagoon
Position in catchment (if associated with a river) Upper Middle Lower
Water permanence Perennial Seasonal Ephemeral
Inundated or saturated? (see Note 3) I S I S I S
Water source (mark > one if there is a Surface water Surface water
Groundwater Sea Artificial Other
combination of water sources) (precipitation) (riverine)
No visible outlet/ Seepage into Artificially constrained
Water outlet River or stream Sea
Evaporation only groundwater (e.g. weir or culvert)
Note 3. Inundated = surface water is present at some stages, saturated – surface soils are waterlogged
* See attached information sheet, adapted from Kotze et al. (2004)

Water chemistry characteristics

Acid Neutral Alkaline Fresh Brak Saline Hypersaline
pH Salinity
(< 6) (6 – 8) (>8) (<0‰) (0 to <3 ‰) (3 to <20 ‰) (>20 ‰)

Dominant vegetation type(s) Grasses Sedges Restios Reeds Shrubs Palmiet Other:
Approx. width of vegetation buffer (see Note 4) <10m 10 - 30m 30 -100m > 100 m
Bedrock Boulders Cobbles Gravel Sand Mud Clay Silt
Dominant substrate type(s)
Peat Detritus Other:
Comments:
Note 4. Vegetated area between the terrestrial and aquatic environments

3. AVAILABLE DATA

Frequency of Once- Six-

Daily Weekly Monthly Quarterly Seasonally Annually Other
data collection off monthly
Frequency details Depth (m)

Habitat assessment
Assessment
(e.g. Present Ecological Status (PES) or Ecological Yes No
details
Importance & Sensitivity (EIS) assessment)

Water chemistry data (tick or highlight variables measured)

Total Dissolved Dissolved Suspended
Temperature Turbidity pH Conductivity Nutrients
Solids oxygen Solids
Particulate Faecal
Pesticides Metals Other:
Organic Matter Coliforms

Biotic data (tick or highlight which group(s) have been assessed)

Vegetation Mammals Birds Reptiles Amphibians Fish Aquatic invertebrates Plankton Algae
Bacteria Other (please specify):
Was the number of threatened or endemic taxa recorded? Threatened Yes No Endemics Yes No

87
4. CATCHMENT CONDITION AND LAND USE

Rate the extent of each land use / activity in the wetland or in the immediate vicinity of the wetland and/or in the catchment. Use the
scale of 1 to 4, where 1 = limited (< 25%), 2 = moderate (25-50%), 3 = extensive (50 – 90%), 4 = almost entire (>90%).
Indicate if the land use / activity pose a threat to the wetland.
Wetland / Immediate Threat to wetland?
Land use / activity Catchment
vicinity (Yes or No)
Afforestation
Deforestation
Agriculture – crops (possible threat from runoff)
Agriculture – livestock
Agriculture – irrigation (abstraction)
Informal settlement
Rural development
Urban development
Industrial development
Pollution (general)
Mining
Sewage disposal
Solid waste disposal (includes dumping and litter)
Eutrophication (nutrient enrichment)
Sedimentation
Recreational
Nature Conservation
Wilderness area
Harvesting of flora or fauna
Physical modifications (bulldozing, weirs, gabions, etc.)
Water abstraction (impoundment upstream)
Construction / Infilling
Erosion
Road network
Off-road vehicles
Removal of riparian vegetation
Alien invasive vegetation (terrestrial)
Alien invasive vegetation (aquatic)
Alien invasive fauna
Transfer of genetic material into catchment or wetland
Other (please specify):

Description of
land use and
catchment issues

88
5. MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL ISSUES

Is the wetland managed,

and if so, by whom?

Is there a management If based on a report/ study, are management

Yes No Yes No
plan for the wetland? recommendations given?
What were the key
management
recommendations
What impact does the wetland and its management
Negative impact No impact Positive impact
regime have on surrounding human communities?
What impact do surrounding communities have on
Negative impact No impact Positive impact
the wetland?

If affected, what are the contact details of this

community?

Does the wetland have potential to be used by the

community for, e.g. tourism, gathering of natural
resources? (If yes, please state what activities
would be possible)

Are research needs given, and if so what are the

key recommendations

6. INFORMATION SOURCE

Information Published literature Scientific article Thesis Institutional report Consultancy report Report
type Unpublished report Monitoring data Database Anecdotal Other:
Custodian Author(s)
Brief description of information source

Aims of the study

In what year was the study

performed?
Is the study complete, or If ongoing, how often are
ongoing? the data updated?
Format of data (e.g. Excel worksheet, hard
copy report, MS word document or pdf file)
Type of data Qualitative Quantitative Comment:
Access constraints

89
Wetland hydro-geomorphic types typically supporting inland wetlands in South Africa (modified from Kotze et
al. 2004). Wetland-Assess: a procedure for rapidly describing wetland benefits – Draft circulated for comment.

Hydro-
geomorphic Diagram Description
types

Valley bottom areas with a well defined stream channel, gently sloped
and characterized by floodplain features such as oxbow depressions
and natural levees and the alluvial (by water) transport and deposition
Floodplain
of sediment, usually leading to a net accumulation of sediment. Water
inputs from main channel (when channel banks overspill) and from
adjacent slopes.

Valley bottom areas with a well defined stream channel but lacking
characteristic floodplain features. May be gently sloped and
Valley bottom characterized by the net accumulation of alluvial deposits or may have
with a channel steeper slopes and be characterized by the net loss of sediment.
Water inputs from main channel (when channel banks overspill) and
from adjacent slopes.

Valley bottom areas with no clearly defined stream channel, usually

Valley bottom gently sloped and characterized by alluvial sediment deposition,
without a generally leading to a net accumulation of sediment. Water inputs
channel mainly from channel entering the wetland and also from adjacent
slopes.

Slopes on hillsides, which are characterized by the colluvial

Hillslope
(transported by gravity) movement of materials. Water inputs are
seepage feeding
mainly from subsurface flow and outflow is usually via a well defined
a watercourse
stream channel connecting the area directly to a watercourse.

Slopes on hillsides, which are characterized by the colluvial

Hillslope
(transported by gravity) movement of materials. Water inputs mainly
seepage not
from subsurface flow and outflow either very limited or through diffuse
feeding a
subsurface and/or surface flow but with no direct surface water
watercourse
connection to a watercourse.

A basin shaped area with a closed elevation contour that allows for the
Depression
accumulation of surface water (i.e. it is inward draining). It may also
(includes Pans)
receive sub-surface water. An outlet is usually absent.

90
 Appendix 5
Wetland Name DSI Wetland Type/Classification Information Source Size Depth pH Salinity
Aasvoelvlei Dam 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 20 - 100ha Neutral (6 - 8) Fresh
Agulhas plain Wetlands 180 Wetlands and pans Thesis
Agulhas Plain Wetlands 183 Wetlands and pans Consultancy report
Agulhas Plain Wetlands 186 Wetlands and pans Consultancy report
Agulhas Plain Wetlands 192 Wetlands and pans Other
Agulhas Plain Wetlands 193 Wetlands and pans Consultancy report
Agulhas Plain Wetlands 426 Wetlands and pans WCWF Map Input
Agulhas Plain Wetlands - "Site A" 184 Pan (Shallow) Scientific article 1 -10 ha
Agulhas Plain Wetlands - "Site B" 184 Pan (Shallow) Scientific article 20 - 100ha
Agulhas Plain Wetlands - "Site C" 184 Wetland (Permanent) Scientific article >100ha
Agulhas Plain Wetlands - "Site D" 184 Pan (Shallow, saline) Scientific article 1 -10 ha
Agulhas Soutpan 8 Pan Scientific article >100ha Neutral (6 - 8) Hypersaline
Alexandra Dam 168, 269 Impoundment (Dam) Scientific article
Amandel 1 372 Impoundment (Dam) Consultancy report
Amandel 2 372 Impoundment (Dam) Consultancy report
Antoniesvlei Dam 447 Impoundment (Dam) Institutional report
Applethwaite Dam 245 Impoundment (Dam) Institutional report
Arabella Site 11a (HU 11) 324 Seep Consultancy report
Arabella Site 12a (HU 12) 324 Seep Consultancy report
Arabella Site 12d (HU 12) 324 Wetland Consultancy report
Arabella Site 12e (HU 12) 324 Wetland (Pennisetum-dominated, culvert-fed) Consultancy report
Arabella Site 12f (HU 12) 324 Wetland (Seasonal) Consultancy report
Arabella Site 1b (HU 1) 324 Seepage wetlands Consultancy report
Arabella Site 25 (HU 25) 324 Seepage wetland -Berzelia-dominated Consultancy report
Arabella Site 27 (HU 27) 324 Seep Consultancy report
Arabella Site 29 324 Ponds (Seasonal) Consultancy report
Arabella Site 30a (HU 12) 324 Riparian wetlands Consultancy report
Arabella Site 30b (HU 12) 324 Seep Consultancy report
Arabella Site 31 324 Wetland Consultancy report
Arabella Site 32 (HU 14) 324 Wetland Consultancy report
Arabella Site 34 324 Seepage wetland Consultancy report
Arabella Site 35 (HU 3) 324 Seepage wetlands Consultancy report
Arabella Site 4 (HU 4) 324 Riparian wetlands Consultancy report
Arabella Site 5 (HU 5) 324 Wetlands Consultancy report
Arabella Site 9 (HU 9) 324 Wetland -Berzelia-dominated Consultancy report
Arch Dam - Ceres 397 Impoundment (Dam) Institutional report 10 - 20ha >2m
Arieskraal Dam 245 Impoundment (Dam) Institutional report
Artificial water body originally on UWC campus 266 Artificial water body Institutional report Alkaline (>8)
Athlone Waste Water Treatment Works 23 Artificial water body Database
Baden Powell Wetlands 418 Wetlands WCWF Map Input
Beaufort West Bird Sanctuary 23, 300 Artificial water body Institutional report
Beervlei 13 Impoundment (Dam) Report >100ha >2m
Bellair Dam 13, 23 Impoundment (Dam) Report >100ha >2m
Bellville South Waste Disposal artificial wetlands 395 Artificial water body Consultancy report

91
 Appendix 5
Belsvlei 8, 22 Vlei (Seepage wetland) Scientific article Acid (<6) Brak
12, 13, 19, 21, 23, 25, 45, 53, 57, 70, 71, 76, 77, 78, 97, 123,
Berg River Estuary (Including floodplain and associated
143, 146, 147, 148, 169, 201, 202, 207, 221, 239, 300, 308, Estuary (Permanently open)/floodplain/pans Report >100ha >2m Neutral (6 - 8) Saline
wetland systems)
352, 447
Berg vlei 303 Vlei Other
Bergvalleirivier 207 Riparian wetlands Institutional report 1 -10 ha
Bethel Reservoir - Paarl 397 Impoundment (Dam) Institutional report 10 - 20ha >2m
Betty's Bay vlei 3, 185 Pan (Temporary) Thesis 0 - 0.5m Neutral (6 - 8) Saline
Betty's Bay Wetlands 276 Wetland Consultancy report
Bietou River Estuary 23, 140, 207, 300, 322 Estuary (Joins Keurbooms estuary)/floodplain Institutional report 10 - 20ha
Blaauwberg Vlei 428 Vlei WCWF Map Input
Black River Wetlands System 2, 71 Riparian wetland Scientific article 0 - 0.5m Alkaline (>8)
Blinde Estuary 8, 12, 19 Estuary (Temporarily open/closed) Scientific article Alkaline (>8) Brak
Blinde Gorge 8 Scientific article Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Blinkvlei 3 Pan (Temporary) Thesis 0 - 0.5m Alkaline (>8) Brak
Bloemendal Pan 39 Pan (Non perennial) Monitoring data 20 - 100ha Neutral (6 - 8) Hypersaline
Blomfontein 8 Scientific article Acid (<6) Brak
Blouvlei - Century City 55, 56, 63, 139, 267, 372, 430 Artificial wetland Scientific article 10 - 20ha Acid (<6) Saline
Bokke Kraal 3, 8 Floodplain vlei Thesis 0 - 0.5m Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Bokramspruit Estuary 12, 19 Estuary (Temporarily open/closed) Report
Bokramspruit riparian wetlands (including source seepage
278 Riparian wetlands Consultancy report
wetlands)
Bontebok NP - southern floodplains and seasonal pans 325 Floodplain wetland Wetlands Datasheets >100ha
Bordjies Dam 449 Impoundment (Dam) Thesis Acid (<6)
12, 13, 19, 21, 23, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37,
Bot River Estuary 38, 42,45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 62, 71, 75, 80, 115, 120, 145, 159, Estuary (Closed) Report >100ha >2m Neutral (6 - 8) Saline
207, 234, 297, 300, 323, 393
Bovendste Wagendrift 8 Scientific article Neutral (6 - 8)
Brak River - airfield 8 Scientific article Neutral (6 - 8)
Brakkekloof wetland 443 Wetland (Permanent) with seasonal marshland Consultancy report
Brakvlei Dam 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 1 -10 ha Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Brandfontein 3, 222 Pan (Temporary) Unpublished report 0 - 0.5m Alkaline (>8) Brak
Brandvlei Dam 13, 87, 368, 396, 397 Impoundment (Dam) Report >100ha >2m Acid (<6)
12, 13, 19, 20, 21, 23, 71, 97, 142, 143, 147, 148, 157, 219,
Breede River Estuary Estuary (Permanently open) Report >100ha >2m Neutral (6 - 8) Saline
317, 352, 360
Breede River Estuary riparian wetlands 123 Riparian/floodplain wetlands Report >100ha
Brommersvlei Wetland 392 Impoundment (Dam) Consultancy report
Buffeljags Dam 13, 87, 397 Impoundment (Dam) Report >100ha >2m Acid (<6)
Buffels (Oos) Estuary 12, 19, 20, 316, 345 Estuary (Temporarily open/closed) Report 1 -10 ha 0.5 - 2m Neutral (6 - 8) Saline
Buffels (Wes) Estuary 316, 345 Marshy wetlands/Estuary (Temporarily open/closed) Institutional report 1 -10 ha 0 - 0.5m Acid (<6)
Buffels River Dam 345, 397 Impoundment (Dam) Institutional report 10 - 20ha >2m Neutral (6 - 8)
Bulshoek Dam 13, 23 Impoundment (Dam) Report >100ha >2m
Burgers Inlet 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 1 -10 ha Alkaline (>8) Saline
Burgerspan 8, 39 Pan (Non perennial) Scientific article 10 - 20ha Neutral (6 - 8) Hypersaline
 Appendix 5
Byways Dam 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 10 - 20ha Alkaline (>8) Saline
Calitzdorp Dam 397 Impoundment (Dam) Institutional report 1 -10 ha >2m Alkaline (>8)
Cape Corps 2, 8 Thesis 0 - 0.5m Neutral (6 - 8)
Cape Flats Sewage Treatment Works 9, 10 Artificial wetland Scientific article 20 - 100ha 0.5 - 2m
Cape Peninsula Restio Wetland 3 Marsh - Restio Thesis
Cape Point temporary pool A 449 Pool - Temporary Thesis Acid (<6)
Cape Point temporary pool C 449 Pool - Temporary Thesis Acid (<6)
Cape Point temporary pool M 449 Pool - Temporary Thesis Acid (<6)
Cape Point Wetlands 177 Wetlands Institutional report
Cedarberg Wetlands 423 WCWF Map Input
Cederberg Wetlands 3 Sponge Thesis Acid (<6)
Clanwilliam Dam 13, 23, 87, 239, 397, 401 Impoundment (Dam) Report >100ha >2m Acid (<6)
Clanwilliam Dam - palmiet wetland below dam 439 Wetlands around Impoundment (Dam) WCWF Map Input
Cornervlei 95 Wetland (Seasonal) Thesis >100ha Alkaline (>8)
Cowvlei 95 Wetland (Seasonal) Thesis >100ha Neutral (6 - 8)
Damara Dam 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 1 -10 ha Alkaline (>8) Brak
Daytona Dam 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 10 - 20ha Neutral (6 - 8) Saline
De Bos Dam - Hermanus 397 Impoundment (Dam) Institutional report 1 -10 ha >2m Neutral (6 - 8)
De Bron 372 Impoundment (Dam) Consultancy report
De Diepte Gatt 8 Vlei Scientific article Acid (<6) Brak

11, 13, 23, 39, 45, 71, 83, 17, 108, 109, 119, 122, 130, 131,
De Hoop Vlei Coastal lake Report >100ha >2m Alkaline (>8) Saline
132, 145, 159, 170, 174, 192, 194, 202, 207, 265, 300, 362

11, 12, 13, 19, 20, 21, 23, 39, 45, 71, 122, 148, 176, 179, 181,
De Mond / Heuningnes River Estuary 182, 188, 191, 192, 194, 206, 207, 222, 223, 244, 295, 300, Estuary (Artificially kept open) Report >100ha 0.5 - 2m Alkaline (>8) Saline
323
De Rust Dam 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 1 -10 ha Alkaline (>8) Brak
De Villiers Dam 168, 267, 269 Impoundment (Dam) Scientific article Neutral (6 - 8)
De Vlakte 8 Scientific article Acid (<6) Brak
De Vreede 8 Scientific article Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Dennebos 411 WCWF Map Input
Dick Dent Bird Sanctuary 23, 300 Artificial water body Database
Die Dam, northeast of De Hoop Vlei 131 Vlei (small) Institutional report 1 -10 ha 0.5 - 2m
Die Oog 335 Seepage wetland and spring-fed pond Wetlands Datasheets <1ha Neutral (6 - 8) Fresh
Die Pan (Vispan) 8 Pan Scientific article Neutral (6 - 8) Hypersaline
Die Plaat 39 Estuary Monitoring data >100ha Neutral (6 - 8) Hypersaline
2, 13, 23, 71, 74, 143, 147, 197, 207, 270, 302, 319, 337, 352,
Diep River Estuary (Milnerton Lagoon) Estuary (Temporarily open/closed)/lagoon Thesis >100ha 0.5 - 2m Alkaline (>8) Saline
375
Diep River riparian wetlands 2, 390 Riparian wetlands Thesis 0 - 0.5m
Donkerkloof Tributary 8 Scientific article Neutral (6 - 8)
Doornfontein 1 3 Floodplain Thesis 0 - 0.5m Alkaline (>8) Hypersaline
Doornfontein 2 3 Pan (Semi-permanent) Thesis 0 - 0.5m Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Doornfontein 3 3 Salt pan Thesis 0 - 0.5m Alkaline (>8) Brak
 Appendix 5
Driefontein Farm Dam 23 Impoundment (Farm dam) Database
Driehoekvlei 3, 8 Vlei Thesis 0 - 0.5m Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Driftsands Nature Reserve 435 WCWF Map Input
Droevlei 23, 300 Vlei/ Impoundment (Dam) Database
Droevlei A 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 1 -10 ha Neutral (6 - 8) Saline
Droevlei B 39 Pan (Non perennial) Monitoring data 20 - 100ha Alkaline (>8) Saline
Du Toits 396 Floodplain wetland Consultancy report >100ha
Duiwenhoks Dam - Heidelberg 13, 397 Impoundment (Dam) Report 20 - 100ha >2m Neutral (6 - 8)
Duiwenhoks River Estuary 12, 13, 20, 23, 71, 148, 315 Estuary (Permanently open) Report 20 - 100ha >2m
Duiwenhoks wetland system 406 Riparian wetlands WCWF Map Input
Duthie Reserve, Stellenbosch 414 WCWF Map Input
Dwars River Mouth lagoon 391 Lagoon/ Estuary (Temporarily open/closed) Consultancy report
Dwarsberg wetlands 387 Riparian wetlands Wetlands Datasheets 1 -10 ha 0 - 0.5m Fresh
Echo Valley pool 168 Pool Scientific article
Edith Stephens Wetland Park 23, 267, 421, 422 Wetlands Institutional report

Eerste River Estuary (Kuils River Estuary) 12, 19, 20, 23, 71, 94, 148, 246, 267, 330, 345, 357, 260, 267 Estuary (Temporarily open/closed) Report >100ha Saline

Egbertsvlei 39 Pan (Non perennial) Monitoring data 1 -10 ha Alkaline (>8) Saline
Eikenhof Dam 23, 245, 300 Impoundment (Dam) Database

Eilandvlei 3, 11, 17, 23, 112, 121, 126, 138, 140, 144, 159, 207, 220, 306 Coastal lake Report >100ha >2m Alkaline (>8) Saline

Elandskloof Dam - Villiersdorp 13, 396, 397 Impoundment (Dam) Report 20 - 100ha >2m
Elandskloof wetlands 396 Riparian wetland Consultancy report >100ha
Elgin area - E01 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis 1 -10 ha
Elgin area - E02 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Elgin area - E03 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Elgin area - E04 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis 1 -10 ha
Elgin area - E05 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis 1 -10 ha
Elgin area - E06 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis 1 -10 ha
Elgin area - E07 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis 1 -10 ha
Elgin area - E08 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Elgin area - E09 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Elgin area - E10 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Elgin area - E11 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis 1 -10 ha
Elgin area - E11b farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis
Elgin area - E12 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis 1 -10 ha
Elgin area - E13 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Elgin area - E14 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Elgin area - E15 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Elgin area - E16 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis 1 -10 ha
Elgin area - E17 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Elgin area - E18 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Elgin area - E19 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis 1 -10 ha
Elgin area - E20 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
 Appendix 5
Elgin area - E21 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis 1 -10 ha
Elgin area - E22 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Elgin area - E23 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Elgin area - E24 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Elgin area - E25 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Elgin area - E26 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis 1 -10 ha
Elgin area - E27 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Elgin area - E28 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Elias Gat (Vioolskloof) 8 Scientific article Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Elim Dams 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 10 - 20ha Alkaline (>8) Brak
Elsenberg Dam 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 10 - 20ha Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Elsies River Estuary 20, 316, 345 Estuary (Temporarily open/closed) Scientific article 1 -10 ha
Elsies Tributary lower reach wetlands 278 Riparian wetlands Consultancy report
Elsies Tributary middle reach wetlands 278 Riparian wetlands Consultancy report
Elsies Tributary upper reach wetlands 278 Black-water seeps Consultancy report
Ernest Robertson dam 299 Impoundment (Dam) Institutional report Acid (<6)
Esperanto Dam A 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 20 - 100ha Neutral (6 - 8) Fresh
Esperanto Dam B 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 10 - 20ha Alkaline (>8) Brak
Fairfield Dams 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 10 - 20ha Alkaline (>8) Fresh
Farm 182 (Peter's Bog) 8 Scientific article Neutral (6 - 8)
Februariesvlei 391 Coastal vlei Consultancy report >100ha 0 - 0.5m Neutral (6 - 8)
Fernwood Erf 242 Wetland 294 Wetland (Seasonal) Wetlands Datasheets <1ha 0 - 0.5m
Fernwood Estate springs & wetland 293 Spring wetlands, ponds Wetlands Datasheets 1 -10 ha 0 - 0.5m

Fish Hoek/Noordhoek Corridor, Hout Bay and Cape Flats 177 Institutional report

Floriskraal Dam 13, 397 Impoundment (Dam) Report >100ha >2m Neutral (6 - 8)
Fonteinjiesberg Wetland 424 Mountain seepage WCWF Map Input
Gamkapoort Dam 13, 397 Impoundment (Dam) Report >100ha >2m Alkaline (>8)
Gansbaai 8 Vlei Scientific article Alkaline (>8) Brak
Geelbeksvlei 155, 233 Riparian wetland (Permanent) Wetlands Datasheets 10 - 20ha
Gemsbok Dam 23 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Database
George Sewage Works 23 Artificial water body Database
Gillidam 44, 449 Impoundment (Dam) Thesis <1ha 0.5 - 2m Acid (<6)
Glencairn Vlei 2, 235, 278, 389 Riparian wetlands (Seasonal, freshwater) Thesis 20 - 100ha 0.5 - 2m Acid (<6) Fresh
Goodwood ephemeral pans 280 Pan - Ephemeral Consultancy report Alkaline (>8) Saline
Goukamma River Estuary 12, 13, 19, 23, 140, 148, 154 Estuary (Temporarily open/closed) Report 20 - 100ha >2m Saline
Goukou (Kafferkuils) River Estuary 12, 13, 19, 20, 21, 23, 71, 148, 315 Estuary (Permanently open) Report 20 - 100ha >2m
Goukou (Kafferkuils) River Estuary - riparian wetlands 123 Floodplain wetland Report
Goukou (Kafferkuils) River wetlands 386 Riparian wetlands - peat Wetlands Datasheets >100ha 0 - 0.5m Fresh
Goukou (Kafferkuils) River Wetlands 327, 409 Riparian wetlands WCWF Map Input >100ha >2m Acid (<6) Fresh
Gouriqua 8 Scientific article Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Gouritz River Estuary 12, 13, 19, 20, 21, 23, 71, 148, 296 Estuary (Permanently open) Report Saline
Grabouw Dam - G1d 402 Impoundment (Dam) Scientific article
Great Brak River Estuary 12, 13, 19, 23, 71, 140, 143, 147, 148, 202 Estuary (Temporarily open/closed) Report
Greyton wetlands 396 Floodplain wetland Consultancy report >100ha
 Appendix 5
Groenvlei - Breede River 396 Floodplain wetland Consultancy report >100ha
3, 13, 18, 23, 39, 50, 97, 112, 129, 140, 144, 153, 159, 195,
Groenvlei - Wilderness Coastal lake Report >100ha >2m Alkaline (>8) Brak
207, 265, 300, 306
Groot - Paardevlei 159 Coastal lake (isolated) Report
Groot - Rondevlei 3, 8 Black-water lake Thesis 0 - 0.5m Acid (<6) Brak
Groot (Wes) River Estuary - Nature's Valley 12, 19, 20, 23, 140, 207, 209 Estuary (Temporarily open/closed) Institutional report 20 - 100ha 0.5 - 2m Neutral (6 - 8) Saline
Groot Brak Estuary 20, 299 Estuary (Temporarily open/closed) Scientific article Alkaline (>8) Saline
Groot Rondevlei - Betty's Bay 3, 8 41, 44, 265, 276 Black-water lake (Pan - Temporary?) Thesis 10 - 20ha 0.5 - 2m Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Groot Vlakte 3 Floodplain vlei Thesis 0 - 0.5m Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Groot Witvlei 8, 23, 44, 265, 276 Black-water lake Scientific article 10 - 20ha 0.5 - 2m Alkaline (>8) Brak
Grootfontein Farm Dam 1 23 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Database
Grootfontein Farm Dam 2 23 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Database
Grootvlei 71, 95 Wetland (Seasonal) Scientific article >100ha Alkaline (>8)
Grootvlei North - Betty's Bay 177 Institutional report
Grootvlei South - Bettys Bay 177 Institutional report
Grootvloer 123 Salt flats Report
Gwaing Estuary 12 Estuary (Temporarily open/closed) Report
Gwayang Riparian Wetlands 231 Riparian wetlands Wetlands Datasheets
Hagelkraal River riparian wetlands 8, 41, 166, 177, 287 Riparian wetlands Report 1 -10 ha Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Hamburg Pan 39 Pan (Non perennial) Monitoring data 1 -10 ha Alkaline (>8) Saline
Hartebeeskuil Dam 23 Impoundment (Dam) Database
Hartenbos River Estuary 12, 13, 19, 20, 314, 323 Estuary (Temporarily open/closed) Report 10 - 20ha 0.5 - 2m Hypersaline
Haze Vlakte 3 Floodplain vlei - Restio marsh Thesis 0 - 0.5m Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Helderberg Nature Reserve 207 Riparian wetlands - dam, marshy Institutional report >100ha
Helderstroom 396 Riparian wetlands Consultancy report >100ha
Heldervue Dam - Somerset West 397 Impoundment (Dam) Institutional report Alkaline (>8)
Helderwater Pan 39 Pan (Non perennial) Monitoring data 1 -10 ha Alkaline (>8) Hypersaline
Hely-Hutchinson Reservoir 269 Impoundment (Dam) Scientific article Acid (<6)
Hemel en Aarde 8, 22 Marshland Scientific article Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Herold Farm Dam 1 23 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Database
Herold Farm Dam 2 23 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Database
Herold Farm Dam 3 23 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Database
Herold Farm Dam 4 23 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Database
Herold Farm Dam 5 23 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Database
Herold Farm Dam 6 23 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Database
Herold Farm Dam 7 23 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Database
Het Kruis 207 Marshy depression Institutional report 1 -10 ha
Heuningrug to Wiesdrif 207 Riparian wetlands/ pans Institutional report >100ha
Heuningrugt pan 39 Pan (Perennial) Monitoring data 1 -10 ha
Heuwelfontein 39 Floodplain wetland Monitoring data 1 -10 ha Alkaline (>8) Hypersaline
Hex River Farm Dam - Ar 402 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Scientific article
Hex River Farm Dam - Br 402 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Scientific article
Hex River Farm Dam - Dd 402 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Scientific article
Hex River wetlands 396 Floodplain wetland Consultancy report >100ha
 Appendix 5
Highland Home bottom 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 1 -10 ha Alkaline (>8) Saline
Highland Home Upper 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 1 -10 ha Alkaline (>8) Brak
Hohenort Detention Dam 392 Impoundment (Dam) Consultancy report
Honing Rug 3 Floodplain vlei/ Restio marsh Thesis 0 - 0.5m Alkaline (>8) Brak
Hoogvertoon 8 Scientific article Alkaline (>8)
Houdenbek Dam 23 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Database
Houdenbek Dam A 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 20 - 100ha Neutral (6 - 8) Fresh
Houdenbek Dam B 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data >100ha Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Hout Bay River Riparian Wetland 2, 133, 355 Riparian Wetlands Wetlands Datasheets 0.5 - 2m Alkaline (>8) Fresh
Hout Bay River Estuary 12, 19, 20 Estuary (Temporarily open/closed) Report
Ida's Valley Dam 246 Impoundment (Dam) Institutional report 1 -10 ha
Idas Valley Dam - Lower - Stellenbosch 397 Impoundment (Dam) Institutional report 10 - 20ha >2m Neutral (6 - 8)
Idas Valley Dam - Upper - Stellenbosch 397 Impoundment (Dam) Institutional report 1 -10 ha >2m Neutral (6 - 8)
Idas Valley off-channel dams 267 Impoundment (Dam) Institutional report
Jackson Dam 278 Impoundment (Dam) Consultancy report
Jakkalsfontein Private Reserve Wetlands 149 Riparian wetlands Wetlands Datasheets 10 - 20ha 0 - 0.5m
Jakkalsvlei 2, 13, 23, 39, 71, 300, 367 Estuary (Closed) Report 20 - 100ha Alkaline (>8) Saline
Jakkalsvlei Pan 450 Estuary (Closed) - pan Consultancy report
Joosfontein A 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 10 - 20ha Alkaline (>8) Saline
Joosfontein B 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 1 -10 ha Alkaline (>8) Saline
Joostenbergkloof Dam 23 Impoundment (Dam) Database
Kaaimans River Estuary 12, 13, 140 Estuary (Permanently open) Report
Kaaimans River Riparian wetlands
231 Riparian wetlands Wetlands Datasheets
Molen
Kammanassie Dam 13, 23 Impoundment (Dam) Report >100ha >2m
Karatara Lake (or Karriewater) 195 Scientific article
Karbonaatjies Dam 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 1 -10 ha Alkaline (>8) Saline
Karbonkelberg, Hout Bay, wetlands 281 Seep/sponge wetlands Consultancy report <1ha
Kars River riparian wetlands 123 Floodplain vlei Report
Keerom Dam 396 Impoundment (Dam) Consultancy report 20 - 100ha
Kenilworth Racecourse 2, 8, 41, 177, 185 Wetland Thesis 0 - 0.5m Acid (<6) Brak
Kervelsvlei 329 Wetland - Peat Wetlands Datasheets 20 - 100ha
Keurbooms River Estuary 12, 19, 20, 21, 23, 140, 152, 298, 300, 322 Estuary (Permanently open) Report >100ha >2m Saline
Keysers River floodplain wetland 282 Floodplain wetland Consultancy report
Keysers River reed marsh 225 Marsh - reed Consultancy report 1 -10 ha
Keysers River Riparian Wetland 2 Riparian Wetland Thesis 0 - 0.5m
Keysers River salt marshes 282 Salt mashes Consultancy report
Keysers River salt pans 225, 282 Salt pans Consultancy report 1 -10 ha
Keysers River sedge marsh 225, 282 Marsh - Sedgemarsh Consultancy report 1 -10 ha
Khayelitsha Pool 8 Wetland - pool Scientific article Neutral (6 - 8)
Khayelitsha Wetlands 102, 105 Wetland Published literature
Kiekoesvlei 8, 39 Pan (Non perennial) Scientific article 20 - 100ha Alkaline (>8) Brak
Kiphoek saltpans 39 Salt pan Monitoring data 20 - 100ha Alkaline (>8) Hypersaline
Kirstenbosch Botanical Gardens 207 Marshy area Institutional report <1ha
Kirstenhof Wetland 392 Riparian wetland (Typha-dominated) Consultancy report
Klaasjagers Estuary 8 Estuary Scientific article Neutral (6 - 8) Saline
 Appendix 5
Klapmuts Dam 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 1 -10 ha Alkaline (>8) Brak
Klavervlei 2, 23, 63, 300 Impoundment (Dam) Thesis 1 -10 ha 0 - 0.5m Alkaline (>8)
Kleigat Pan 39 Pan (Non perennial) Monitoring data 1 -10 ha Alkaline (>8) Saline
Klein Brak Estuary 12, 13, 19, 21, 71, 73, 140, 148 Estuary (Temporarily open/closed) Report >100ha >2m
Klein Hamburg Pan 39 Pan (Non perennial) Monitoring data 1 -10 ha Alkaline (>8) Brak
12, 13, 19, 21, 23, 71, 81, 97, 143, 147, 148, 159, 202, 218,
Klein River Estuary Estuary (Temporarily closed/open) Report >100ha >2m Alkaline (>8) Saline
268, 323, 352
Kleinmond River Estuary 21, 23, 27, 30, 71, 148, 185, 207, 300, 393 Estuary (usually open) Scientific article >100ha
Kleinplaas Dam - Jonkershoek river 246 Impoundment (Dam) Institutional report
Kleinplaas Dam - Lewis Gay Dam intermediate wetlands 278 Wetlands around Impoundment (Dam) Consultancy report
Kleinplaas Dam - Simonstown 8, 278, 345, 397 Impoundment (Dam) Scientific article 20 - 100ha >2m Acid (<6) Brak
Kleinplaas Dam - Simonstown (downstream open-
278 Riparian wetlands Consultancy report
water/Phragmites australis wetland)
Kleinplaas Dam - Simonstown (marginal wetlands) 278 Wetlands around Impoundment (Dam) Consultancy report
Kleinplaas Dam - Simonstown (upstream wetlands) 278 Riparian wetlands Consultancy report
Kleinplaas Dam - Simonstown (wetland below wall) 2 Wetlands around Impoundment (Dam) Thesis 0 - 0.5m Acid (<6)
Klein Rondevlei 3 Pan (Temporary) Thesis 0 - 0.5m Alkaline (>8) Brak
Kleynkloof Private Nature Reserve Dam 166 Impoundment (Dam) Wetlands Datasheets
Klipberg Dam 396 Impoundment (Dam) Consultancy report 1 -10 ha
Klipdrifsfontein Estuary 12, 19 Estuary (Temporarily open/closed) Report
Kliphoek 39 Floodplain Monitoring data 10 - 20ha Alkaline (>8) Hypersaline
Kluitjieskraal Wetland 23, 432 Wetland Database
Knipes Hope Dam 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 20 - 100ha Alkaline (>8) Saline
Knollefontein 8 Scientific article Neutral (6 - 8)

12, 13, 19, 21, 23, 75, 82, 97, 140, 142, 143, 146, 147, 148,
Knysna Estuary Estuary (Permanently open) Report >100ha >2m Alkaline (>8) Hypersaline
156, 171, 207, 249, 161, 262, 164, 300, 346, 352, 441, 444

Knysna Estuary Sewage Works 23 Artificial wetland Database

Koeberg Private Nature Reserve infiltration ponds 289 Artificial water body - ponds Consultancy report
Koekiespan 8 Pan Scientific article Neutral (6 - 8) Hypersaline
Koekiespan (2nd site) 8 Pan Scientific article Alkaline (>8) Hypersaline
Koenskraal Pan 23 Pan Database
Kogelberg Dam 245 Impoundment (Dam) Institutional report
Korinte Vet 13, 87 Impoundment (Dam) Report >100ha >2m Acid (<6)
Korrentepoort Dam - Riversdale 397 Impoundment (Dam) Institutional report >100ha >2m Neutral (6 - 8)
Kraaifontein Waste Water Treatment Works 366 Artificial water body Consultancy report
Kreupelboom 372 Impoundment (Farm dam) Consultancy report
Krom Estuary 12 Estuary (Temporarily open/closed) Report
Krom Estuary (Oos)?? 19 Estuary (Temporarily open/closed) Report >100ha
Kruispad 1 3 Floodplain pan Thesis 0 - 0.5m Alkaline (>8) Saline
Kruispad 2 3 Floodplain pan/ Restio marsh Thesis 0 - 0.5m Alkaline (>8) Brak
Kruispad 3 3 Floodplain pan Thesis
Kruisrivier wetlands 385 Riparian wetlands Wetlands Datasheets 20 - 100ha 0 - 0.5m Fresh
Kuilenburg 8 Scientific article Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
 Appendix 5
Kuils River Wetlands 2, 388, 436 Riparian wetlands - floodplain wetlands Thesis 0 - 0.5m Alkaline (>8)
Kwaggaskloof Dam 396 Impoundment (Dam) Consultancy report >100ha
Kwarte 396 Riparian wetland Consultancy report >100ha
La Rochelle 3 Salt pan Thesis 0 - 0.5m Alkaline (>8) Saline
Lake Michelle - salt pan/marsh 372 Salt marsh/pans Consultancy report
Lake Michelle - Lake (Shallow) 373 Lake (Shallow) Consultancy report 20 - 100ha >2m Brak
Lake near Cecilia's Drift, Paarl 83 Lake (small, slightly acid and eutrophic) Scientific article Neutral (6 - 8)
Lakens Valley Dam - Ceres 397 Impoundment (Dam) Institutional report 20 - 100ha >2m Neutral (6 - 8)
Lamloch swamps 27 Swamps Scientific article
Landdroskop wetlands 384 Riparian wetlands Wetlands Datasheets 1 -10 ha Fresh
Landskroon Dam 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 1 -10 ha Alkaline (>8) Saline
11, 13, 21, 23, 45, 71, 72, 84, 85, 86, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 96,
97, 99, 104, 122, 143, 147, 148, 158, 173, 196, 198, 199, 202,
Langebaan Lagoon Embayment - Lagoon Report >100ha >2m Alkaline (>8) Saline
203, 205, 207, 224, 239, 274, 300, 301, 313, 338, 347, 352,
356, 361, 365
Langevlei 2, 250, 372 Vlei and riparian wetlands Thesis 1 -10 ha 0.5 - 2m Alkaline (>8) Fresh
Langfontein Dam 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data <1ha Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Langpan 3 Salt pan Thesis 0 - 0.5m Alkaline (>8) Saline
Langpan 39 Pan (Perennial) Monitoring data 20 - 100ha Hypersaline
3, 11, 13, 14, 17, 23, 112, 121, 126, 140, 144, 159, 207, 220,
Langvlei - Wilderness Coastal lake Report >100ha >2m Alkaline (>8) Saline
306
Le Chasseur 396 Riparian wetland Consultancy report >100ha
Leeu Gamka Dam 13, 23 Impoundment (Dam) Report >100ha >2m
Leeuriver wetlands - Floodplain wetland (Site D) 350 Floodplain riparian wetland Thesis 20 - 100ha 0.5 - 2m Neutral (6 - 8)
Leeuriver wetlands - Floodplain wetland (Site E) 350 Floodplain riparian wetland Thesis >100ha 0.5 - 2m Acid (<6)
Leeuriver wetlands - Floodplain wetland upstream of weir
350 Floodplain wetland Thesis >100ha 0.5 - 2m Neutral (6 - 8)
(Site G)
Leeuriver wetlands - Merging with river channel (Site F) 350 Riparian wetland Thesis 20 - 100ha 0.5 - 2m Neutral (6 - 8)
Leeuriver wetlands - Seepage wetland (Site B) 350 Seepage wetland Thesis >100ha 0.5 - 2m Neutral (6 - 8)
Leeuriver wetlands - Shallow Pools (Site A) 350 Riparian shallow pools Thesis 20 - 100ha 0 - 0.5m Acid (<6)
Leeuriver wetlands - Site C below orchards 350 Riparian wetland Thesis >100ha 0.5 - 2m Alkaline (>8)
Lewis Gay Dam 267, 278, 345, 397 Impoundment (Dam) Consultancy report 1 -10 ha >2m Acid (<6)
Little Meadows 39 Wetland Monitoring data >100ha
Little Princess Vlei 2, 372, 397 Artificial water body - vlei Consultancy report 1 -10 ha 0.5 - 2m Acid (<6)
Loch Venus 351 Wetland (Perennial) Consultancy report
Lotus River 2 Riparian wetlands Thesis 0.5 - 2m Alkaline (>8)
Lourens River Estuary 12, 19, 20, 21, 23, 71, 94, 148, 345 Estuary (Temporarily open/closed) Report Saline
Lourens River: Land-en-Zeezicht 267 Impoundment (Dam) Institutional report
Maalgate Estuary 12, 19 Estuary (Temporarily open/closed) Report
Maalgate Riparian Wetlands 231 Riparian wetlands Wetlands Datasheets
Macassar Waste Water Treatment Works 23 Artificial water body Database
Malkopsvlei (Black Bass Lake - Betty's Bay) 8, 83, 36, 397 Black-water Lake (Acidic) Scientific article >100ha >2m Acid (<6)
Matjies Estuary 12, 19 Estuary (Temporarily open/closed) Report
Matjieskuil 39 Pan (Non perennial) Monitoring data 1 -10 ha Neutral (6 - 8) Saline
 Appendix 5
Matrusfontein 207 Wetlands Institutional report 20 - 100ha
Meerlust Dam 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 20 - 100ha Alkaline (>8) Saline
Melkbos Pan 3, 8, 64, 66, 194, 429 Pan (small) Thesis 1 -10 ha 0 - 0.5m Alkaline (>8) Brak
Melkbos Pan 1 3 Salt pan Thesis 0 - 0.5m Alkaline (>8) Saline
Memel Dams 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 10 - 20ha Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Middelberg-wes 8 Scientific article Neutral (6 - 8)
Middelskilpadvlei A 39 Pan (Non perennial) Monitoring data 10 - 20ha Alkaline (>8) Saline
Middelskilpadvlei B 39 Pan (Non perennial) Monitoring data 1 -10 ha Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Middelskilpadvlei C 39 Pan (Non perennial) Monitoring data 1 -10 ha Alkaline (>8) Saline
Middelvlei Wetland System 43 Wetlands Thesis
Milnerton Ditch 2 Ditch Thesis 0 - 0.5m Alkaline (>8)
Misverstand Dam 250, 447 Impoundment (Dam) Wetlands Datasheets 20 - 100ha >2m
Mocke River Wetland 285 Riparian wetland Consultancy report 1 -10 ha
Modder River Mouth 23 Estuary Database
Modder River Riparian Wetlands 8 Riparian wetland Scientific article Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Moddervlei 8, 189, 207 Riparian wetlands Scientific article >100ha Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Moddervlei - In Rondevlei Bird Sanctuary 95, 286, 340 Wetland (Seasonal) Thesis >100ha Alkaline (>8)
Molen Riparian Wetlands 231 Riparian wetlands Wetlands Datasheets
Moordkuil Vlei 39 Pan (Non perennial) Monitoring data 1 -10 ha Alkaline (>8) Saline
Moordkuil Dam 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data >100ha Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Morester Dam 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 20 - 100ha Neutral (6 - 8) Fresh
Mosquito Kolk West Pan 8 Pan Scientific article Alkaline (>8) Brak
Mossel Bay Sewage Works 23, 300 Artificial water body Database
Mossgas Dams 23 Impoundment (Dam) Database
Nanties Reservoir - Paarl 397 Impoundment (Dam) Institutional report 10 - 20ha >2m
Naudes Dam 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 1 -10 ha
Nethercourt 396 Riparian wetland Consultancy report >100ha
Noetsie Estuary 12, 19 Estuary (Temporarily open/closed) Report
Nooeinsfontein 359, 372, 380, 437 Floodplain wetland Consultancy report
Noord Agter Paarl Irrigation Dam 23, 39 Impoundment (Dam) Database 20 - 100ha Alkaline (>8) Brak
Noordhoek Dam 23 Impoundment (Dam) Database
Noordhoek Ditch 2 Ditch Thesis 0 - 0.5m Alkaline (>8)
Noordhoek Pick & Pay Reedbeds 351, 372 Wetland (Reedbed) Consultancy report
Noordhoek Salt Pans 2, 8, 71, 248 Salt pan Thesis 1 -10 ha 0 - 0.5m Alkaline (>8) Saline
Noordhoek Tidal lagoon 351, 398 Lagoon (tidal) Consultancy report >100ha Hypersaline
Noordhoek Wetlands 59, 60, 413 Wetlands Published literature
Nuweberg Dam 245, 348 Impoundment (Dam) Institutional report 20 - 100ha >2m Acid (<6)
Nuwejaars River - Brakpan area 207 Riparian wetlands Institutional report 20 - 100ha
Nuwejaars River - riparian wetlands 123 Floodplain vlei Report
Nuwejaars River Riparian Wetlands 190 Riparian wetlands Thesis
Odessa 3 Floodplain vlei Thesis Neutral (6 - 8)
12, 13, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 45, 71, 97, 106, 143, 147, 148, 202,
Olifants River Estuary Estuary (Permanently open) Report >100ha >2m
300, 318
Olifants River Estuary - riparian wetlands 123 Riparian wetland Report
 Appendix 5
Olifantskraal marsh 207 Marsh wetlands Institutional report 1 -10 ha Brak
Olyfenboomen Dam 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 1 -10 ha Alkaline (>8) Saline
Onrus River Estuary 12, 20, 22, 164, 211 Estuary (Temporarily open/closed) Report 10 - 20ha >2m Brak
Orange St Reservoir 2 Impoundment (Dam) Thesis 0 - 0.5m Alkaline (>8)
Ou Soutpan 3 Floodplain vlei Thesis
Oudebosch 420 WCWF Map Input
Oudtshoorn Sewage Works 23, 63 Artificial water body Database
Oukloof Dam - Prince Albert 397 Impoundment (Dam) Institutional report 20 - 100ha >2m Neutral (6 - 8)
Over Hex A Dam 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 1 -10 ha Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Over Hex B Dam 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 1 -10 ha Neutral (6 - 8) Fresh
Overberg area - O01 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis 1 -10 ha
Overberg area - O02 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Overberg area - O03 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Overberg area - O04 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Overberg area - O05 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Overberg area - O06 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Overberg area - O07 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Overberg area - O08 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Overberg area - O09 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Overberg area - O10 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Overberg area - O11 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Overberg area - O12 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Overberg area - O13 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis 1 -10 ha
Overberg area - O14 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Overberg area - O15 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Overberg area - O16 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Overberg area - O17 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis 1 -10 ha
Overberg area - O18 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Overberg area - O19 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis 1 -10 ha
Overberg area - O20 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Overberg area - O21 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Overberg area - O22 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Overberg area - O23 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Overberg area - O24 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Overberg area - O25 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Overberg area - O26 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Overberg area - O27 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Overberg area - O28 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Overberg area - O29 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Overberg area - O30 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Overberg area - O31 farmdam 1, 4 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Thesis <1ha
Overstrand Municipality erf 1895 dam 166 Impoundment (Dam) Wetlands Datasheets
Paarden Eiland Vlei (Zoarvlei) 71, 302, 304, 321, 372, 446 Coastal floodplain/marsh Scientific article 10 - 20ha 0.5 - 2m Neutral (6 - 8) Fresh
Paardevlei Dam 23, 71, 136, 300, 374 Impoundment (Dam) Database >2m
Paarl Bird Sanctuary 23, 300 Artificial water body Database
 Appendix 5
Paarl Sewage Works 39, 63, 207 Artificial water body Monitoring data 20 - 100ha Alkaline (>8) Saline
Padkuilsvlei 95 Wetland (Seasonal) Thesis 20 - 100ha Alkaline (>8)
Padvlei 95 Wetland (Seasonal) Thesis 20 - 100ha Alkaline (>8)
Paleisheuwel dam 207 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Institutional report 1 -10 ha
Palloti Wetland 253, 255 Riparian wetland Wetlands Datasheets 1 -10 ha 0.5 - 2m
Palmiet fontein 3 Pan (Temporary) Thesis 0 - 0.5m Alkaline (>8) Brak
Palmiet River Dam 267 Impoundment (Dam) Institutional report

Palmiet River Estuary 12, 13, 19, 23, 51, 54, 71, 79, 148, 245, 275, 364, 393, 399 Estuary (Permanently open) Report >100ha >2m Neutral (6 - 8) Hypersaline

Papenkuils 368, 369, 396 Floodplain palustrine wetland Consultancy report >100ha
Papkuilsvlei 2, 227, 351 Wetland (Seasonal) Thesis
Parkwood Vlei 23 Vlei Database
Parkwood Wetlands 434 WCWF Map Input
Pearly Beach 8, 287 Marsh - Coastal lake Scientific article Neutral (6 - 8)
Pelican Park artificial wetlands 288 Artificial water body Consultancy report
Pelican Park dune slack core wetlands 288 Dune slack wetlands Consultancy report Neutral (6 - 8)
Pelican Park marginal disturbed wetlands 288 Wetlands Consultancy report
Phesantekraal Farm Dam 334 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Consultancy report
Piesang River Estuary 12, 19, 20, 140, 298 Estuary (Temporarily open/closed) Report >100ha 0.5 - 2m Neutral (6 - 8) Saline
Pietersfontein Dam 396, 397 Impoundment (Dam) Consultancy report 20 - 100ha
Piketberg dam - P2d 402 Impoundment (Dam) Scientific article
Pinelands (the Crossing) 8 Scientific article Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Platdrif 8 Scientific article Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Platteklip River Riparian Wetlands 284 Riparian wetlands Consultancy report
Plettenberg Bay Sewage Works 140, 207 Artificial water body Institutional report 1 -10 ha
Pollsmoor Dam 267, 392 Impoundment (Dam) Institutional report
Poortjeskloof Dam 13, 396, 397 Impoundment (Dam) Report 20 - 100ha >2m Neutral (6 - 8)
Porterville Municipal Dam 397 Impoundment (Dam) Institutional report
Potberg Pan (Lower) 23 Pan Database

Princess Vlei 2, 5, 10, 71, 83, 95, 159, 167, 168, 204, 241, 269, 372, 397 Coastal lake Thesis 20 - 100ha >2m Alkaline (>8)

Pringle Bay Restio marsh 3 Restio marsh Thesis

Proposed Brooklands dam site 278 Seepage wetlands Consultancy report
Proposed Da Gama Park Dam site 278 Consultancy report
Proposed Hangklip Dam 400 Impoundment (Dam) Published literature >100ha >2m
Proposed Malmesbury Golf Esate: Seepage area in
284 Seepage Consultancy report
wheatfields
Proposed Malmesbury Golf Estate: artificial channel 1 284 Artificial water body Consultancy report
Proposed Malmesbury Golf Estate: artificial channel 2 284 Artificial water body Consultancy report
Proposed Malmesbury Golf Estate: Seasonal wetland 284 Wetland (Seasonal) Consultancy report
Protea Wetland 251 Riparian wetland (permanent) Wetlands Datasheets 1 -10 ha 0 - 0.5m
Protea/Kirstenbosch Wetland - wetland 291 Wetland (Seasonal) Wetlands Datasheets <1ha 0 - 0.5m
Protea/Kirstenbosch Wetland - springs, ponds 292 Spring wetlands, ponds Wetlands Datasheets <1ha 0.5 - 2m
Purgatory 419 WCWF Map Input
 Appendix 5
Quagga Plaat 8 Scientific article Alkaline (>8) Brak
Raapenberg Bird Sanctuary 23, 137, 207, 254, 256, 300 Riparian wetland Scientific article 10 - 20ha 0 - 0.5m
Rachmere 3 Floodplain vlei Thesis
Radyn Dam 23, 39, 300 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Database 20 - 100ha Alkaline (>8) Saline
Ratel River 1 3 Coastal lake Thesis 0 - 0.5m Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Ratel River 2 3 Floodplain vlei/ Restio marsh Thesis 0 - 0.5m Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Ratel River Estuary 8, 12, 19, 41, 71 Estuary (Temporarily open/closed) Scientific article Neutral (6 - 8)
Ratel River Estuary - riparian wetlands 123 Floodplain wetland Report
Ratel River I 8 Scientific article Alkaline (>8) Saline
Ratel River II 8 Scientific article Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Ratel River wetland 427 Riparian wetland WCWF Map Input
Rawson Dam 278 Impoundment (Dam) Consultancy report
Retention dam/vlei on UWC campus 266 Impoundment (Retention Dam) Institutional report Neutral (6 - 8)
Rhenosterkop Pan 8, 39, 207 Pan (Shallow, perennial) Scientific article 10 - 20ha Alkaline (>8) Saline
Rietfontein 3 Pan (Temporary) Thesis 0 - 0.5m Alkaline (>8) Saline

2, 12, 19, 21, 23, 39, 45, 71, 74, 100, 103, 159, 197, 200, 226,
Rietvlei Riparian wetland - vlei Thesis >100ha >2m Alkaline (>8) Brak
300, 302, 305, 319, 320, 332, 337, 366, 372, 375, 390

Rietvlei/Milnerton sewage works 207 Artificial water body Institutional report >100ha
Rietvlei/Paardeneiland (Zoarvlei) vleis 202 Vlei (Seasonal) Scientific article >100ha
Riverlands Nature Reserve 438 WCWF Map Input
Riversdale 8 Scientific article Acid (<6)
Riviersonderend River Riparian wetlands 123, 396, 425 Floodplain wetland Report >100ha
Robberg Vlei 328 Wetland (Perennial, Reed-dominated) Wetlands Datasheets 10 - 20ha 0 - 0.5m
Rocher Pan 3, 23, 39, 71, 134, 135, 202, 215, 300 Pan (Temporary) Thesis 20 - 100ha 0 - 0.5m Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Rocklands Dam 23, 39 Impoundment (Dam) Database 20 - 100ha Alkaline (>8) Brak
Rockview Dam 245 Impoundment (Dam) Institutional report
Romar Dam 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 1 -10 ha Alkaline (>8) Brak
Rondeberg 8 Scientific article Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Rondebosch Common 433 WCWF Map Input
Rondeheuvel 396 Riparian wetland Consultancy report >100ha
Rondepan 39 Pan (Perennial) Monitoring data 10 - 20ha Hypersaline
Ronderug 3 Pan (Temporary) Thesis 0 - 0.5m Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
2, 10, 23, 40, 44, 45, 69, 71, 83, 95, 137, 141, 159, 163, 165,
Rondevlei - Cape Peninsula 168, 207, 263, 269, 286, 300, 342, 343, 354, 363, 372, 377, Coastal vlei Thesis 20 - 100ha 0.5 - 2m Alkaline (>8) Saline
378, 379, 381, 442, 448
3, 11, 14, 17, 23, 65, 112, 121, 126, 140, 144, 159, 207, 220,
Rondevlei - Wilderness Coastal lake Report >100ha >2m Alkaline (>8) Saline
306
Roode Els Berg Dam 13, 396, 397 Impoundment (Dam) Report 20 - 100ha >2m
Rooiels River Estuary 12, 19, 20, 71, 148, 208, 345 Estuary (Temporarily open/closed) Report 1 -10 ha >2m Neutral (6 - 8)
Rooipan 8 Pan (Non perennial) Scientific article Alkaline (>8) Hypersaline
Rooipan 39 Pan (Non perennial) Monitoring data 1 -10 ha Alkaline (>8) Hypersaline
Rooirivier floodplain wetland 231 Floodplain wetland Wetlands Datasheets 10 - 20ha 0.5 - 2m Neutral (6 - 8) Fresh
 Appendix 5
Rooisand deflation surface 27 Wetland Scientific article 0.5 - 2m
Rooiwal 3 Pan (Semi-permanent) Thesis 0 - 0.5m Alkaline (>8) Brak
Rozenburg 207 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Institutional report 1 -10 ha
Ruigtevlei - Villiersdorp 410 WCWF Map Input
Ruigtevlei - Wilderness 195, 207 Scientific article 20 - 100ha
Salmonsdam 8 Vlei Scientific article Acid (<6) Brak
Sand Estuary 12, 345 Estuary (Temporarily open/closed) Report
Schaapkop Riparian Wetlands 231 Riparian wetlands Wetlands Datasheets
Scherpenheuvel 396 Riparian wetland Consultancy report >100ha
Schusterbrandvlei 229 Riparian wetlands Wetlands Datasheets 1 -10 ha 0 - 0.5m Acid (<6) Fresh
Schusters River Estuary 12 Estuary (Temporarily open/closed) Report
Sederhoutkop 8 Scientific article Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Sedgefield Estuary 140, 148 Estuary (Temporarily open/closed) Institutional report
Seekoegat Dam (Potgieter Dam) 23 Impoundment (Dam) Database
SHAWCO wetland 236 Wetland Wetlands Datasheets 1 -10 ha

Silvermine - Pool at the 4th hole on the Clovelly golf-course 376 Riparian Pool Consultancy report

Silvermine Dam 267, 345, 376, 397 Impoundment (Dam) Institutional report Acid (<6)
Silvermine Dam Inflow 8 Wetland Scientific article Acid (<6) Brak
Silvermine River (Lower) Riparian Wetlands 8 Riparian wetland Scientific article Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Silvermine River Estuary 12, 19, 20, 162, 247, 345, 376 Estuary (Temporarily open/closed) Report Brak
Silvermine River Riparian Wetlands 2 Riparian Wetland Thesis 0 - 0.5m Acid (<6)
Silvermine vlei 2, 267 Vlei Thesis 0 - 0.5m Alkaline (>8)
Silvermine wetlands of Flood Management Scheme 376 Artificial water body - riparian wetland Consultancy report
SilverOaks, Erf 1367, Brackenfell wetlands 283 Riparian wetlands Other
Silversteen Estate: Juncus marsh lands 290 Marshlands - Juncus Other
Silversteen Estate: Typha capensis marshes 290 Marshes - Typha capensis Other
Silwerstroom Spring 228 Seep Wetlands Datasheets 1 -10 ha 0 - 0.5m Neutral (6 - 8) Fresh
Sir Lowry's Pass Estuary 12, 19, 20, 267, 316, 345 Estuary (Temporarily open/closed) Report <1ha 0 - 0.5m Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Sirkelsvlei 3, 44, 83, 159 Lake (small acid, humic) - Restio marsh Thesis 1 -10 ha 0.5 - 2m Neutral (6 - 8) Saline
Skuifraam Dam (Berg River Dam) 370, 371, 447 Impoundment (Dam) Institutional report
Skulpadsvlei 159 Pan (Temporary) Report
Skulpadsvlei 1 3 Pan (Temporary) Thesis 0 - 0.5m Alkaline (>8) Brak
Skulpadsvlei 2 3 Pan (Temporary) Thesis 0 - 0.5m Alkaline (>8) Brak
Skulpadsvlei A 39 Pan (Non perennial) Monitoring data 10 - 20ha Alkaline (>8) Brak
Skulpadsvlei B 39 Pan (Non perennial) Monitoring data 1 -10 ha Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Slagboom Dam 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 10 - 20ha Neutral (6 - 8) Fresh
Slangfontein Dam 23 Impoundment (Dam) Database
Slent Farm Dam 23 Impoundment (Farm dam) Database
Sneeuberg Hut Stream 8 Scientific article Acid (<6) Brak
Soet Kraal 404 WCWF Map Input

Soetendalsvlei 3, 8, 13, 23, 39, 71, 159, 178, 187, 192, 194, 207, 216, 232 Coastal lake Scientific article >100ha >2m Alkaline (>8) Brak

Soetendalsvlei Ditch 8 Ditch Scientific article Neutral (6 - 8) Brak

Soetwater 3, 257 Pan (Semi-permanent) Thesis 0 - 0.5m Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
 Appendix 5
Sonstraal Dam 246 Impoundment (Dam) Institutional report
Sonstraal Dam - Durbanville 397 Impoundment (Dam) Institutional report 1 -10 ha >2m
Sout River Dam 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 20 - 100ha Alkaline (>8) Hypersaline
Sout River Estuary 13 Estuary (Permanently open) Report
Sout River Estuary (Oos) 12, 19, 20, 140, 209 Estuary (Permanently open) Report 1 -10 ha 0.5 - 2m Neutral (6 - 8) Saline
Sout River Estuary (Wes) 12, 110 Estuary (Canalized) Report Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Sout River Estuary (Wes) 110 Estuary (canalized) Scientific article Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Soutpan 3, 194, 207 Salt pan Thesis >100ha 0 - 0.5m Neutral (6 - 8) Saline
Soutpan 2 23 Salt pan Database
Soutpan, Elim 71 Salt pan Scientific article
Soutpanne - Yzerfontein 412 Salt pan WCWF Map Input
Soutpansvlakte A (West) 39 Pan (Non perennial) Monitoring data 20 - 100ha Saline
Soutpansvlakte B (East) 39 Pan (Non perennial) Monitoring data 10 - 20ha Hypersaline
Spaanschemat River 2 Riparian Wetland Thesis 0 - 0.5m Acid (<6)
Spaanschemat River b 2 Riparian Wetland Thesis 0 - 0.5m Acid (<6)
Springfield 1 3 Pan (Temporary) Thesis 0 - 0.5m Alkaline (>8) Brak
Springfield 2 3 Pan (Semi-permanent) Thesis 0 - 0.5m Alkaline (>8) Brak
Springfield Dam 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 1 -10 ha Hypersaline
Springfield saltpan 39 Salt pans Monitoring data >100ha Hypersaline
Springfontein Dam 23, 300 Impoundment (Dam) Database
Steenboksvlakte Dam 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 10 - 20ha Alkaline (>8) Saline
Steenbras River Dam 13, 23, 168, 230, 267, 269, 300, 312, 397 Impoundment (Dam) Report >100ha >2m Acid (<6) Fresh
Steenbras River Estuary 12, 19, 316, 345 Estuary (Permanently open) Report 1 -10 ha >2m Acid (<6)
Sterkwater dam 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 1 -10 ha Alkaline (>8) Brak
Stettyn Dam 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 1 -10 ha Alkaline (>8) Brak
Stettynskloof Dam 397 Impoundment (Dam) Institutional report 20 - 100ha >2m Neutral (6 - 8)
Stockwell dam 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 10 - 20ha Alkaline (>8) Saline
Stompdrif 13 Impoundment (Dam) Report >100ha >2m
Stompdrift Dam 23 Impoundment (Dam) Database
Stompdrift Dam - De Rust 397 Impoundment (Dam) Institutional report >100ha >2m Neutral (6 - 8)
Stompdrift Dam - Lower Reaches 23 Impoundment (Dam) Database
Stormsvlei A 396 Riparian wetland Consultancy report >100ha
Stormsvlei B 396 Floodplain wetland Consultancy report >100ha
Strandfontein b 2 Artificial water body Thesis 0.5 - 2m Alkaline (>8)
Strandfontein Sewage Works 2, 23, 39, 45, 63, 71, 200, 202, 300, 442 Artificial water body Thesis 20 - 100ha 0 - 0.5m Alkaline (>8) Saline
Suikerbosrand/Rietvlei Dams 23 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Database
Sun Valley 2 Thesis 0 - 0.5m
Sun Valley b 2 Thesis 0 - 0.5m
Sun Valley Wetland 417 WCWF Map Input
Suurdam 44 Artificial wetland Thesis <1ha 0.5 - 2m Acid (<6)
Suurdam 349 Black-water lake (Acidic) Thesis Acid (<6)
Suurvlakte 8 Scientific article Acid (<6) Brak
Suurvlakte (2nd site) 8 Scientific article Acid (<6) Brak
Swart Riparian Wetlands 231 Riparian wetlands Wetlands Datasheets
Swartkop se Dam 23, 39 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Database >100ha Alkaline (>8) Brak
 Appendix 5
12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 21, 23, 50, 52, 97, 112, 114, 124, 125,
Swartvlei 138, 140, 144, 159, 207, 212, 217, 243, 258, 259, 273, 200, Estuarine coastal lake Report >100ha >2m Alkaline (>8) Saline
306, 333, 339, 394, 444
The Lake 351 Salt pan Consultancy report
Theewaterskloof Dam 13, 23, 267, 300, 396 Impoundment (Dam) Report >100ha >2m
Touws River Estuary 11, 13, 23, 112, 138, 140, 144, 300, 306 Estuary (Temporarily closed/open) Report 10 - 20ha Alkaline (>8) Saline
Tweefontein 391 Coastal vlei Consultancy report Neutral (6 - 8)
Tweevlei 39 Pan (Non perennial) Monitoring data 10 - 20ha Brak
Uilkraals River Estuary 12, 13, 19, 20, 21, 71, 148, 238, 415 Estuary (Permanently open) Report >100ha 0.5 - 2m Neutral (6 - 8)
Uintjieskuil riparian wetland - contour52-53 279 Riparian wetland Consultancy report
Uintjieskuil riparian wetland - contour52toR317 279 Riparian wetland Consultancy report
Uintjieskuil riparian wetland -downstream of road to
279 Riparian wetland Consultancy report
confluence with Nuewjaars
Uintjieskuil upper Berzelia wetlands -above contour53 279 Riparian wetland Consultancy report
Uitkoms II Dam 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 1 -10 ha Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Ultra Soutpan 71 Pan Scientific article
Valkenberg Wetland 252 Riparian wetland Wetlands Datasheets 1 -10 ha 0.5 - 2m
Valskuil Dam 207 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Institutional report 1 -10 ha
Van Wyksvlei 123 Salt flats Report
Vankervels vlei 403 Vlei WCWF Map Input
Varkensvlei 8 Vlei Scientific article Neutral (6 - 8) Saline
Verkeerdevlei 23, 39 Impoundment (Farm Dam) Database >100ha Alkaline (>8) Brak

3, 11, 13, 21, 23, 39, 45, 63, 68, 71, 97, 98, 99, 111, 122, 148,
Verlorenvlei Estuarine coastal lake and reedswamp system Thesis >100ha 0.5 - 2m Alkaline (>8) Brak
159, 172, 202, 207, 213, 271, 300, 310, 311,344, 358, 367, 450

Vermont Salt Pan 8, 23, 39, 300 Salt pan - Non perennial Scientific article 10 - 20ha Alkaline (>8) Hypersaline
Verrekyker 8 Scientific article Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Victoria Dam 168, 267, 269 Impoundment (Dam) Scientific article Acid (<6)
Vispan 194 Pan Institutional report Saline
Vlei Dam 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 20 - 100ha Neutral (6 - 8) Fresh
Vleiland/Vryheid 207 Riparian wetlands Institutional report 20 - 100ha
Vlottenburg Dam 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 1 -10 ha Alkaline (>8) Brak
Voelvlei - Buffels 3, 23, 61, 71, 237, 300, 407 Vlei - Pan (seasonal) Thesis >100ha 0 - 0.5m
Voelvlei - Elim 8, 39, 71, 159, 187, 189, 194, 207 Coastal lake Scientific article >100ha 0.5 - 2m Alkaline (>8) Brak
Voelvlei Dam - Klein Berg River 13, 23, 83, 87, 267, 300, 353, 397, 447 Impoundment (Dam) Report >100ha >2m Neutral (6 - 8)
Vogel Valley 3 Pan (Temporary) Thesis 0 - 0.5m Alkaline (>8) Brak
Vredenburg Dam 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 1 -10 ha Alkaline (>8) Brak
Vrolijkheid Dam 39 Impoundment (Dam) Monitoring data 1 -10 ha Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Vyeboom 396 Floodplain wetland Consultancy report >100ha
Wadrif Salt pan 13, 23, 39, 71, 202, 367, 450 Salt pan Report >100ha Alkaline (>8) Hypersaline
Wadrif Wetland 450 Salt pan Consultancy report
Wagen Drift 3 Floodplain vlei Thesis 0 - 0.5m Neutral (6 - 8)
Wagenbooms River 3, 8 Floodplain vlei Thesis 0 - 0.5m Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
 Appendix 5
Wamakersvlei 39, 194 Vlei - pan Monitoring data 20 - 100ha Alkaline (>8) Hypersaline
Waylands 214 Seepage - Hillslope, seasonal Wetlands Datasheets >100ha 0 - 0.5m Brak
Wellington Waste Water Works 23, 39, 207, 300 Artificial water body Database 20 - 100ha Neutral (6 - 8) Saline
Wemmershoek Dam 13, 23, 267, 397, 447 Impoundment (Dam) Report >100ha >2m Neutral (6 - 8)
Wemmershoek vlei 431 WCWF Map Input
Wesfleur WWTW artificial ponds 289 Artificial water body Consultancy report
Wesfleur WWTW southern infiltration ponds 289 Artificial water body Consultancy report
Wesselsgat wetlands 383 Riparian wetlands Wetlands Datasheets 10 - 20ha 0 - 0.5m Fresh
Westbank detention pond 359 Artificial water body Consultancy report
Westlake Stream and wetlands 2, 23, 151, 282, 334, 372, 393 Riparian Wetland Thesis 1 -10 ha 0.5 - 2m Alkaline (>8) Fresh
Wetland on Erf 4663, Betty's Bay 277 Wetland Consultancy report
Wetlands SW of Mierkraal 207 Wetland - Ephemeral Institutional report
Wetvlei 95 Wetland (Seasonal) Thesis >100ha Alkaline (>8)
White Water Dam (Dirk Uys) 8 Impoundment (Dam) Scientific article Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Wiesdrif 3, 8 Floodplain vlei/ Restio marsh Thesis 0 - 0.5m Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Wiesdrif Farm pan 207 Riparian pan-like depression Institutional report 20 - 100ha
Wilderness Lakes 12, 14, 17, 19, 21, 45, 98, 122, 175, 220, 239 Coastal lake Report >100ha >2m Alkaline (>8) Saline
2, 12, 13, 19, 20, 23, 58, 71, 101, 159, 248, 267, 300, 307, 331,
Wildevoëlvlei - Cape Peninsula Estuarine lake (Temporarily open/closed) Thesis 20 - 100ha 0.5 - 2m Neutral (6 - 8)
351, 398, 440
Wind Heuvel 8 Scientific article Alkaline (>8) Brak
Wit River wetlands 382 Riparian wetlands Wetlands Datasheets 1 -10 ha 0 - 0.5m Fresh
Witsand Aquifer Recharge 8 Scientific article Alkaline (>8) Brak
Witsands Beach Wetland 416 WCWF Map Input
Wittedrif 405 WCWF Map Input
Woodhead Dam - Table Mountain 168, 267, 269 Impoundment (Dam) Scientific article Acid (<6)
Worcester Municipal Dam 397 Impoundment (Dam) Institutional report
Wysersdrift 396 Floodplain wetland Consultancy report >100ha
Yzerfontein Soutpan 8, 265 Salt pan Scientific article Alkaline (>8) Saline
2, 3, 6, 7, 13, 21, 23, 39, 67, 71, 94, 116, 17, 118, 127, 128,
Zandvlei 145, 159, 160, 161, 167, 168, 267, 269, 272, 282, 300, 323, Estuarine lake (Seasonally closed) Thesis >100ha 0.5 - 2m Neutral (6 - 8) Saline
326, 341, 357, 372, 442

2, 5, 10, 13, 45, 71, 83, 95, 113, 159, 167, 168, 189, 210, 240,
Zeekoeigat WCWF Map Input
241, 242, 269, 309, 345, 372, 377, 378, 379, 381, 397, 408

Zeekoeivlei 345 Coastal lake Institutional report >100ha >2m Alkaline (>8) Hypersaline
Zoutpan1 3 Pan (Semi-permanent) Thesis 0.5 - 2m Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Zoutpan2 3 Lake Thesis 0 - 0.5m Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Zuurvlakte 1 3 Pan (Temporary) Thesis 0 - 0.5m Alkaline (>8) Brak
Zuurvlakte 2 3 Pan (Temporary) Thesis 0 - 0.5m Alkaline (>8) Brak
Zuurvlakte 3 3 Pan (Temporary) Thesis 0 - 0.5m Neutral (6 - 8) Brak
Zwartrug 1 3 Pan (Temporary) Thesis 0 - 0.5m Alkaline (>8) Brak
Zwartrug 2 3 Pan (Temporary) Thesis Neutral (6 - 8)

107