Cut a New Door

in a Wall
Build a Small
Greenhouse
Inl ay Wood
Turning
Recover a Sofa
'/
I
guild T h i ~
"..
~ Modern Lamp
for ~ 7 . 4 9
KWIKITS THE PERFECT COMPLEMENT F P S .E.*
HEAVIER CONSTRUCTION
Heavy *Hfirst gra de, Iully cured lum-
ber for top, bott om. sides and back .
not flimsy lh" wood commonly used in
"k its." Bigger. sturdi er - as much as
30% heavier than ot hers in t he same
pr ice class. Eliminates spurious reso-
nances 50 detri mental to achieving
r icher. clea ner bass reproduct ion.
Q
"'" All pieces are pr e-cut and pr e-drill ed . _
engineered t o go together quickly and simply.
Glu ing and screwing of esse ntial segments reo
sult in reli abl y ai r-tig ht, permanent joints.
Miter ing and plenty of bracin g for truly rigid
constructi on. Baftle hoard is pr e-cut and plug.
ged . . adap ters sup plied for easy inst all at ion
of additio nal components as your system ex-
pand s. Ever ythin g you need is supplied, up to
the point of finis hi ng. You pr ovide the screw-
dri vers and the f un.
FOOLPROOF PRECISION ASSEMBLY
Underside vieio shows
how advanced design.
self-contained folded
hor n e xte nds t o t he
ir ont of the cabinet ,
pr oj ectin g low Irequ en-
clee out in to th e r oom
. . . not back int o a
corne r, splashed agai nst
the walls. KwiKits are
ther efore i ndepend ent
of room furnishings,
sha pe, or pl acement .
and can be used agains t
a flat wall, in a corner
_ even up in the ai r 1
There' s no end of decor ative tr eatment you
can give your KwiKit enclosu re. Genuine Kor-
ina veneer on pr incipa l exposed surfaces is
same as used in fine furn it ur e. and provid es a
beautif ul finish. Decorat ive fro nt mouldings
are inclu ded and have been designed to com-
pl ement and enhan ce your pr esent decor. Ex.
qui site, textured grill e fabric is equally at
home in settin gs of any peri od, and is acouari-
caUy correct to pr event high frequency auen-
uat lon,
PROFESSIONAL RESULTS
PLACE ANYWHERE IN ROOM
KwiKit acoustic design and tilt ed baffle com.
bine direct speaker rad iat ion and compen-
sated rear hor n loading in a way that blends
bass, middle and tr eble ranges perfectl y . .
for uni form response thr oughout the listening
areas of a r oom.
ROOMBALANCED PERFORMANCE

A- Hole cuIout '01Hf21l6.

C- Adapler suppliedcut out
lorUXl-S.
O- Hole cutoullor H-IO horn.
E- 8Ia. 1 pluf supplied.
F- Tales 312, UXC.l23,
Oiflusieon.. 12. UXC.122
Diffuj,ls. 6200. 6201 wid..
'angt speakers andG-12W
woofer.
A- Hole cui oul for Hf21l6.
1-8Ia. 1 plof supplied
when Iweeler isn't used.
suppliedeul out
O- Hole cuIoul' orc.8W,
Dllfusieone-a 01 308.
E- 81anl pluf supplied.
f -AdaplersuppliedcuI oul
fOl H-6OD horn.
C- Takes 31S-C. &303.
Diffusicone-15 DiI'uials.
a.d C.15W, woolers,
Aand1-8Ia. 1 plufS
supplied.
C- Takes 31Z. UXCIZ3.
Diflusieon.. IZ. UXC.IZ2
Ojffalli.ls . 6200. 6201 _.
end
MODEL K EN.t2
takes .n,. 12" wide-range or woofer cone
speaker and any tweeter or mid -range speakers.
MODEL K E N - U S
ukes any 15" wide-rance or woofer cone
lpeaker and any tweeter or mid-" n, e speake ....
M O DEL KEN-US
takes .ny 12'" wide-r.nge Or woofer tonGspeaker
when 12- adaptor board (optional) Is used.
.., Untv. " ity"s Pro,r,salve Spea ke, Expansion Plan
SEE YOUR DEALER TODAY .
Send for your fr ee copy
of University's new
KwiKit brochu re. Wri te Desk H I
UNI V E R SI T Y L O U DSP E A KE RS. I N C . 80 SOUTH K E N SI C O A VE NU E , WHIT E P L.A IN S, N . Y.
ILISTEN
SPECIAL FORMULA FOR WOMEN ALSO AVAI LABLE.
CHECK COUPON IF DESIRED.
EACH DAILY VITASAFE CAPSULE CONTAINS
Choline Nia cin Am id e 40 mg
Bit artrat e 31.4 mg. Cal cium
i8- 2
4

Glut amic Acid 50 mg. Folic Acid 0.5 mg.
Lemon Biofl avonoid Calcium 15 mg.
Compl ex 5 mg. Phosphorus 58 mg.
Vitamin A Ir on 30 mg.
12.500 USP Unit s Cobalt 0.04 mg.
Vit amin 0 Copper 0.45 mg.
1.000 USP Unit s Manganese 0. 5 mg.
Vitami n C 15 mg. Molybd enum 0.1 mg.
Vit amin 8 , 5 mg. Iodine 0.075 mg.
2 mg.
Vit amin 8 , 2 meg. Magnesium
We invit e you to compare the r ichness of thi s formula
with any other vitamin and mi neral pr epar ati on.
r,,,:,,,,:, -:-.-::-: -:-.-::-: -:-.":':-: ':"".":":-::-: -:-.-:.":' -:-,,,:,:-: ':"".
I: VITASAFE CORP. 251 :1
I: 43 West 61$t Street, New York 23, N. Y. :,
I , 'I
r Yes, I accept your ge ne ro us no- r isk offer
I: under t he Vitasafe Pla n as advertised in :1
I: Workbench. :1
I: Se nd me my F REE 30-day supply of hi gh- :1
I: potency Vitasafe Capsules as checked below: :1
I ' ,
I: 0 Man's Formula 0 Woman' s Formula :1
. .1
I: I ENCLOSE 25c PER PACKAGE for packing and postage. :1
I: :1
I: Name : ...... ..... ...... ....... .......... ......... ........ ...... .... :1
I: :1
I. Address -I
City Zone State ..... ...... ...... .
I. Only one tri al supply per person. '1
. ' I N CANADA : 394 Sy mi ng to n Ave., Toronto 9, One, "
I: ( Canadi an Formula adjusted t o local condtrtone.) : ,
...":"';':';'::":';':':';';': :...:..;.::.; ":"':";'::'; :"'';':';'::'':,,:...:, ;.: :...:..:.;. :';'J
MARCH -APRIL, 1958 1
daily requirement of Vitamin B-1 and the
full concentration recommended by the
Nat ional Resear ch Council for the other
four important vitamins! Each capsule also
conta ins the amazing Vitamin B-12 - one
of the most rema rkab ly pot ent nutrients
known to science - a vitami n that actually
helps strengthen your blood and nouri sh
your body organs. Vitasafe Caps ules also
contain Glutamic Acid, a natural sub-
stance derived from wheat gluten and
thought by many doctors to help nour ish
the hra in cells for more power of concen-
tration and increased mental alertness.
And now, to top off thi s exclusive formula
each capsule also br ings you an important
dosage of Citrus Bioflavonoid - the anti-
cold factor that has been so widely ac-
claimed. This fonnula is so complete it is
available nowhere else at any price!
WHY WE WANT YOU TO
TRY A 30DAY SUP P LY - FREEl
We offer you this 30-day free trial of
valuabl e VITASAFE C.F. CAPSULES for
just one reason. So many persons have al-
ready tried them with such astounding
results . . . so many people have written
in telling us how much bett er they felt
after only a short trial ... that we are
absolutely convinced that you, too, may
experience the same feeling of health and
well-being afte r a similar trial. Iii fact,
we' re so convinced that we're willing to
back up our convi ctions with our own
money. You don't spend a penny for the
vitamins! All the cost and all the risk are
ours. A month's supply of similar vitami n
caps ules, if it were available at retail
would ordinarily cost $5.00.
HOW THE VI TASAFE PL AN
OPE RATES TO SAVE YOU MONEY
When you receive your free 30-day sup'
ply of vitamins, you are under no obliga-
tion to buy anijthing. With your vitamins
you will also receive a handy postcard . If
after taking your free Vitasafe capsules for
thre e weeks you are not satisfied in every
way, simply return the postcard and that
will end the matt er. Otherwise. it's up to
us - you don't have to do a thing - and
we will see that you get your month ly sup-
plies of vitamins on time for as long as you
wish, at the low, money-savi ng price of
only $2.78 per month .
AMAZING NEW PLAN SLASHES
VITAMt N PRI CES ALMOST I N HALF
\Vith your free vitamins you will also
receive complete details regarding the
benefits of this amazing new Plan that pro-
vides you regularl y with all the vitamins
and minera ls you will need. Th is Plan
actua lly enables you to receive a 30-day
supply of vitamins every month regul arly.
safely and factory-fresh for exactly $2.78
- or almost 50% lower than the usual
retail price. BUT YOU DO NOT HAVE
TO DECIDE NOW - you are und er no
obli gation to buy anything from us what-
soever. To get your free 30-day supp ly and
guaranteed opport unity of regular worth-
while savings on your vitamin pur chases.
be sure to send us the coupon today.
@1958 VITA SAFE CORP., 43. West 61 s1 Stree t, New York 23, N. Y.
IN CANADA: 394 Symi ng to n Ave., Toronto 9, Onl.
25
r-.. just to help
y cover shipping
expe nses of this
Our Fights Have Turned
to Kisses!
I
T' S hard to beli eve that my wife and
I used to fight. She wou ld start nag
gi ng at me the minute I got home from
work and I would snap right back at
he r! We argued and bicke red so often
that we suddenly realized our mer-
riage wa s breaking up! There wasn't
a ny real reason for it except t ha t both
of us always felt so tired that we got
on each other's nerves !
Our family doctor gave us some
advice that probably saved our mer-
riage. Many peopl e, he told us, be
co me run-down and over-tired because
their diets do not contain enough vito-
mins, mine rals and lipot ropic factors.
This could easily cause us to feel worn-
out, tense and short tempered.
To correct th is condition, ea ch of us
sta rted taking Vita safe High-Potency
Capsules. Before long we had more
pep, more energy - and our disposi-
tions improved. Instead of fighting, we
were back in each other's arms.
If you or your wife have lost the
pep and energy you used to ha ve ... if
over-tiredness makes you nervous and
bad-tempered with the ones you love,
you owe it to you rself to try proven
Vitosa fe High .Potency Capsules.
FREESO-day supply
HIGH-POTENCY CAPSULES
Lipotropic Factors, Vitamins and Minerals
Safe n utritional I 'or-m u!e con tai ni ng 27
proven ingredients : Gluta mic Acid, Cho line,
I nositol , Methioni ne , Citr us Biofl avonoid,
11 Vitamins ( includi ng blood-building B.12
and Folic Acid) plus 11 Minerals.
To prove to you the remarkable advan-
tages of the Vitasafe Plan .. . we will send
you, without cha rge, a 30-day free supply
of high-potency VITASAFE C.F. CAP-
SULES so you can discover for yourself
how much healthi er, happier and pepp ier
you may feel after a few days' trial! Just
-one of these capsul es each day. supplies
your body with over twice the minimum
adult daily requ irement s of Vitamins A, C
and D ... five times the minimum adult
number 2 1 4
Keep ing Up With Craft and Home Pr od uct s.. 4
The Cr aft an d Ho me Boo ks he IL .. .. .. 8
Ad v ice to Ap p ly t o Appliances 50
J . J . lighter
Publicat io ns You Can Get Fro m Uncl e Sam 59
Th is Mig ht Help 63
Deland. Florida . R. W. Hunter
Box 12BO, Deland 1417W
DEPARTMENTS
Cover Phot ogr ap h of Modern l amp by Ronald l.
And e rson and of t he Boat Shaped Appe t ize r Server
by R. J. De Cris tofaro.
Inlays Be aut if y Woo d Turn ing s 38
James E. Se it z
A Se a Captai n' s De s k That Fit s on land.... ... .40
Ro ber ta L. Fa ira ll
Wre nches Wo rk Be tt e r with Car e 42
Mo r t o n J . Sch ul t z
Pasadena , California . Murray Bothwell
234 East Colorado, RYan 1-9155
51. Louis . Mo.: John Cocke rell , Inc. George Glover
9 15 Olive St .. GArfie ld 1-0907
Chicago, Illinois , John R. Cockerell
360 North Michigan, ANdover 36929
New York, N. Y. , Murray Bernha rd
lI B East 40th , OXford 75420
Clo t hes Vale t 44
Hugh F. Wi lliamson
Tuck Pointing Pr e ve nt s Brick Det er io ra t ion .. .. .46
Mo rt on J . Schul t z
Wall Fin ishes for Con cr e t e Masonry .4 9
N. M. Pitt man
It ' s Done Wi th Mi rr ors 59
Ken Murra y
ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVES
Jack Tillo tso n, Publisher
Theod ore M. Edit or
M. V. Greene, Classified Adv. Mgr .
WORKBENCH is publ ished bl-monthlv by Modern Handcraft , Inc.. 543 Westport Road, Kansas City 11.
Missouri. Entered as second class matter at the Post Off ice at Kansas City , Missouri; ad ditional entry at
Chicago, Ill ino is. Thirty-five cents a copy . Annual subscript ions $2 in the Un ited States and its posses-
sions; $2.50 in Canada ; Foreign subscriptions , $2.50. Six weeks advance notice re q uired for change of
subscri pti on address. Both old and (le w addresses must be g iven, and request ma rked for Circulation
Depa rtment, WO RKBENCH. Print ed in the U. S. A. , Copyr ight 1958, by Modern Handcraft , Inc.
Tips on Dr iving Scr ews 17
Dal e Mo re y
We Re covered O ur So fa Our se lves 18
Edw in Ho ffman
Give Flowers an Earl y St ar t Wi th
This Smal l Greenhouse 22
R. S. Ho ward
Serving Boa t for Appetize rs 24
R. J . De Cr istoforo
Tiny Co bbl er's Be nch Se w ing Kit .. 27
Will Stoll
A Tabl e t hat Serves Two Purposes 28
A Gun Rack for J un ior 31
Webst er P. Tayl o r
A Gu id e to Se lec ting Hi-Fi loudspeakers...... 32
lawrence J . Epst e in
Add This Back Door Porch Shell.. 36
Contributors should make a copy of a ll manuscripts submitted. Eve ry effort wi ll be made t o
return rejected manuscripts, photographs, and diagrams , if accompanied by sufficient fi rst class postage,
but WORKBENCH wi ll not be respon sibl e for any loss of such ma'erial.
The contents of WORKBENCH are indexed in The
Reader's Gu ide t o Period ica l li terat ure, which is on
f ile in all public libraries.
ARTICLES
Contents for March-April, 1958
A l a mp That Sh in e s Thr ee Ways: l0
Ron ald L. An ders o n
Making Tw o Beds Fro m O ne 13
We bs te r P. Tayl o r
Adding a n Insid e Doorway 14
J . J . li ghter
WORKBENCH V 0 I u m e
PLATE
Baby Shoes
IN
BRONZE
AND
PEARL
MILLIONS OF
NEW PROSPECTS
EVERY YEAR
Now is the time to cash in on this
big-p aying, easy-to-operate, year-
round business and you need no
experi ence. MATERIALS COST
YOU ONLY SOc - YOU GET
$6.00! With many actua l "show-
how" illustr ations and step-by-
step instr ucti ons , YOU can start
earni ng money at once in one
week. W orking only a few hour s
' you can make more money than
many people make wor kin g an
entire week.
IMMEDIATE RESULTS
This tested and proved method
gives you complete det ail s so that
you may start at once metal!zing
baby shoes with real Gold, Sliver,
Bron ze. They will last forever and
ever retaining every priceless de-
tail of natural shoes. Five mill ion
new prospect s every year .
START AT HOME
Don'l p a ss up
this golden op-
portunity to Start
your 0 w n busi..
ness o n a
. shoe s tr i n g.

ACT NOW!

.. ' We will send
" ' you full de-
. . j rails a b s o-
IUl elv free.
* Big Income
* Huge Demand
* Sales Plan
* Future Security
* Your Own Business
KIKTAVI COMPANY, Dept. W-584
11029 S. Vermont Los Angeles 44, Calif.

I KIKTAVI COMPANY, Oept. W-584 I
I 11029 S. Vermont , Los Angeles 44, Calif.
Send me FREE detail s of your MONEY MAK- I
l ING PLAN, wi thou t obligati on. I
I NAME I
I I
I STREET I
I CITY ZONE_STATE I

2 WORKBENCH
2076-J EASTCHESTER ROAD, NEW YORK 61, N. Y. ~
ALBERT C.ONSTANTINE AND SON, INC.
~ J
126 PAG ES- FULL COLOR, Com pl et e selection of Rare and Fan cy
imported and domesti c woods, hard-to-get i tems, hardware, upholstery
suppl ies, pla ns, pa t terns and Do-It -Yourself Info rrnarion, Get your
copy of CONSTANTI NE' S Master Manual and Bargai n Book . .. I
the biggest and best woodworking and hobby book ever published by I
America' s leading suppl ier lO Craftsmen, How-to-do-i t art icles, sections
on newest power and hand tools all at lowest pr ices. Over 83 inl ay I
design s, a big wood ident ifica tion panel sho wing 60 differ ent wood s I
in natural color ready for framin g. It' s woodworking' s finest book,
invaluable to homeowners and craf tsmen alike. Send coupon t oday. I

I
I
I

I
J
Suppli9rs to Craftsmen for over 145 years.
'MAIL COUPON TODAY
ALBERT CONSTANTINE AND SON, INC.
2076-J Eastchester Road, New York 61, N. Y.
Gentlemen: Please send me copy of your 1957 Master
Manual. Enclosed is 50c (refunded on f irst order) to
cover postage and handling.
Name ..
Address ..
City Zone State ..
o Also send me a FREE issue of your paper Chips and
Chats and Contest Entry Blank.
--------------..~ MA RCH-APRIL, 1958 3
HERE'S the most start ling onnou nceme nt for woodworkers o nd craftsmen
ever made. Ame rica ' s leading supplier of woods a nd woodwor ki ng ma te rial s
is offe ring you the .:> pportun ity to get nationa l rec ognitio n for your skill
on d at the same ti me win on e of 309 prize s.
3 CLASSES TO ENTER-3 big ca sh pri zes in ea ch class. NOTHING
TO BUY, NO ENTRY FEE, simply fill in and mail t he coupo n
for complete details. Co ntest clos e s March 31 , 1958.
Se nd coupon for f ree d e tail s & e nt ry blank todayl

PARTIAL
TABLE OF
Contents
Listed here are a few of the thousands of
items for the commercial and hobby
wookworker :
Inlay & Veneers, Fancy Cabinet WI' oods,
Dimension cut lumber, Tuming squares
& blocks, Mat ched and taped veneers,
Craf tsmen books & plans, Pictur e frame
moulding, Carved u/ood moulding,
Pressed wood pl aques, Inlaid plcmre kits,
Typewr iter fixtures, Adjs stable shel f
brackets, Casters, Card table bnrdu/are,
Chair braces, Brass chain, Bed fasteners,
Brass fen cing, Dowel centers, Tapered
legs IF' ood & Brass, Flok finishes, MlIsi-
sical MOIJements, Hi-Fi sliding equip-
ment , Crib Hardware, Drawer Roll ers,
Furniture Clamps, Upholstery materials,
Electric ranters, Saws and saw blades,
Sharpening stones, Hand tools, Nut bowl
hardware, Mitre Vise, Table leaf sup-
ports, Chair cane & fibre rusb, Rattan for
basketry, Sliding door hardware, Sanders,
Sprayill$ eqllipme nt, Finishing materi als,
Brass [urnitnre pulls, Revol ving shel f
fixtur es, Abrasive papers, Specialt y ply-
wood, Cabinet hardware, Wood burni ng
pens, Platf orm rock er springs, Thermom-
eter cards.
In communicating with companies whose products are described in this department.
please mention WORKBENCH.
Workbench for Home
Assembly
A SCIENTIFICALLY-DESIGNED workbench,
ship ped knocked down fo r easy as-
sembly using a minimum of tools ,
has been introduced by Build-O-
Ben ch Co. , 45 Layn e Pl. , San Br uno,
Californi a . Two l engths are available,
6 or 8 feet , and each unit is 2 feet
wide and 33 inches high. Made of
kiln-dried clea r Douglas fir , tough
Masonite Tempered P r es dwood for
t op , d rawer bottoms and back, the
wor kbench has eight drawers, and
center cabinet space. A 2'x6' "Peg-
Board" panel is included for hanging
to ols on a wall behind the bench.
Ass embly instructions are in cl uded
with each kit. Parts are exa ct ly cut ,
ready to be fitt ed together according
to number s marked in the glue j oi nts.
No nails or screws are visibl e when
the assembly is compl eted. An 8-
inch ov erhang at each end will ac-
commodate a vi se for either a left
or r iaht-h s o- ded wor k er.
P r ices: $56. 50 for s ix-foot uni t,
$71.50 fo r eigh t - f oo t , F. O.B. , San
Bruno, California.
Automatic Garage
Door Opener
OPERATING ON or dinar y 110-volt house-
hold cur rent, the Victor Automatic
E l e c tr i c Ga r a ge Doo r Opener works
on all types of residential overhead
garage do ors. The mechanism which
raises the garage door is a ctuated by
either a key switch located in a drive-
way post or a push button switch in-
side the ga r a ge, the house, or any
ot her indoor location. Closing of the
door is done manually, and, when
closed , the Victor Automatic El ec tric
Garage Door Opener locks the door
automatically.
4 WORKBENCH
The comple te ki t r etails fo r $24.. 95
and includes t he outdoor key switch,
a n indoor push button switch, t he
automatic door op ener mechanism, a
t hr ee-year guarantee, and complete
ea s y - to - under s t a nd installation in-
structions . Not included is the post,
which many homes already have, and
the electrical wire necessary for the
installation.
Unlike most a utomatic garage door
openers, whic h require .a carpenter
a nd electrician for installation, the
Victor Automatic E lectric Garage
Door Opener can be installed by any-
one because it operates on a simple
electro-mechanical principle.
The kit is available a t hardware,
lum ber , and buildi ng supply retail-
ers, or, additional information may
be obtained by writing directly t o
Yonkers Indus t r ies , Inc., Depa r t m ent
C, 28 School Street, Yonkers, New
Yor k .
AII.Purpose Keyhole Saw
ANEWall-purpose keyhole saw which
is designed to cut in every direction
has been in troduced by Great Neck
Saw Mfrs., I nc. , of Mineola, New
York. Cl aimed t o be made of superior
tungsten s teel. the bl ade is id eal for
the home workshop and the do-it-
your se lf exper t . A s m all , compact
pi stol grip saw whi ch cuts wood ,
metals, plastics, et c ., is uniformly
heat treated to withsta nd severe
punishment and is said to be useful
in r epairing wrought iron furniture
a nd most home repair jobs. The k ey-
hole saw is easy t o work with in
close areas because of its small 10"
over-a ll s ize. Teeth a r e said to be
perfectly set, 24 points to the inch
a nd the blade s elf-locks t o the handle
in four directions ; hori zontally, v er -
tically, right or left. Furnished with
a n a ttractive gold a lloy pi stol- grip
handl e, the saw c an be used safely
and conveniently by the housewife
for small emergency repairs around
the house, cutting frozen foods, etc.
The 10" size makes it easy t o store
and use and the blade is simple to
change- no screws, nuts or bolts . At-
tractive enough t o be considered a
utensil, this all-purpose keyhole saw
retails for only 49 cents and is fully
guaranteed.
ANEW home workshop lathe styled by
famous designers Raymond Loewy
As sociates, Inc. , a nd manufactur ed
by Rockwell Manufacturing Com-
pany's Delt a Power Tool Di vision,
provides t he largest capacity ev er
built into a hobbyist 's and home
craftsman's tool of this type.
The craftsman and hobbyist can
do work on this tool that could for-
merly be done only on industrial t ype
tools . It will turn a n extr a l arge
piece of wood- up to 14 inches in
diameter a nd 3 inches t hic k- over a
gap in the tool bed pr ovided for this
purpose as well as pi eces up to 36
inches long and 11 inches in diameter
over the bed it s elf . The ext ra ca-
pacity is particul a r ly useful for the
cr afts man who wants t o turn bowls
a nd di scs and similar wide-di a meter
obj ects.
The new Delta Homecraft lathe,
call ed the 14/11 because of it s 14 and
11 inch c a p a cit y, is a lso rugged
enough for light m a chining of metals
and m etal spinning - a popular
m ethod for shaping soft metal sheet s
into decorative or us eful obj ects- and
ver s a t ile enou gh fo r do zens of ot her
jobs.
The streamlined Ra ymond ' Loewy
design, in addition to improving the
lathe's over-all appearance, has pro-
vided a number of practical advan-
t ages including a modern mottled
gray stain-proof finish and stream-
lined pull ey drive guard for added
s afety a nd neatness.
The new lathe al so incorporates
Now You Can Earn
Extra Money in Your Spare
Time with CASTOGLAS
In Your Own Home Workshop
New Liquid Plastic-Fiberglass Process
Opens Up Big Opportunities
.f...you like to work wi t h new ideas and mat eri a ls . a nd if yo u ca n
use some extra cash . . . you ' ll be interested in " How T o Earn
Ext ra Money in Y our Spare T ime." This new handbook s hows you
I
what ot hers ha ve do ne, how th ey got sta rted, what t hey make . T ell,
how one man earned 51800. 00 net profit in 6 weeks in hi s home
shop and how yo u ca n do t he sa me .
Illustrat ed Directions Show You How to embed rea l flowers . brill iant fa ll leaves .
bu tt erfl ies . sea she lls , coins, ph otos in cl ear liquid plas tic 10 ma ke novelti es .
adver t ising s pecialt ies and ot her fast-selling items . How to la mina te tr ans-
lucen t glas.'i panel s wi t h embed me n ts of unusual fabri cs . gr asses . fenth ers
and other in te resting material s . How to use th ese panels for r OO Dl d ivide rs
a nd scree ns . or fi ne lamps , bowls and t rays. Al so shows a new wa y of
casting ti les a nel mosa ics th at is Really New and Different.
No Equipment Is Required because neither heat nor press ure are need ed . ..
j us t small hand or power tools . T h is proces s is ma de to for sma l le r
operator wit h a garage or bas ement shop. T he same ba sIC. mat eri al s used
for lamina t ing decorat ive glass pa nels are also used for rep ai r work. If yo u
are in t he right loca ti on , for exa mple. you may find your hig opportuni ty
" glassing" boat hu lls . tanks . pool s or de velop a specia lized. h ighl y pr ofit-
able ind ustrial mai nten ance
You ca n cost your own mo saics in on inf inite variety of colors , sh a pes.
sizes and you can do it without previous experience. Co stogla s sets
hard within 30 minutes at room temperature.
" How to Laminate Glass Pa nels with Ca stoglas"
illu strates the fascinat in g a rt of crea ting decora-
tive panels of your own de sign.
Embedding natural gr a sse s, seahorses, star-
fi sh and shells in this gla ss-clear paperweight
con t inues to be as popular a s ever.
Key tags make fi ne gift project s, inexpe nsi ve
and easy to do. Brilliantly col ored fall leaves
are pe rmanently embedd ed in Costoglas.
Address .... .... .... ..
Name - .
City .... (piease pr iiii"plainl y) .... .. .... ......

THREE WAYS TO GET STARTED
1. Order " How To Earn Extra Money In Yo ur Spa re Time. " This hooklet is illust r at ed with
over 100 photographs a nd gives yo u a comple te over-all view of th e entire Castoti te progr am ,
Se nd 25c to co ver ma iling and handling .
2. Order T he CAST OLITER P ro ject Series , a se t of man ua ls giving complete i llus t rated di rec -
t ions for ma king ma ny items . Lea rn (or yourse lf how easil y yo u ca n adapt many of t hese pro] -
eets to yo ur own pers onal requiremen ts a nd ci rcumsta nces. T he pri ce o f 81.00 for t he se t in -
clud es a co py of " How To Earn Ext ra Money In Your Spa re Time " a t no extra ch a rge . The
pu rc hase of t hi s va luable set a lso enfit les yo u to several new pr oj ec t manua ls now i n prepara t ion.
3. Ord er t he s pec ia l Co mmercial Craft Kit if you prefer to get s tarted wit ho ut furt her dela y.
This kit contains Cast og la s and Harde ne r . 5 differen t co lors. Iibe m less mat and fa hri cs , various
fi lle rs , spoons . droppers. mixing cups . etc . Also enoug-h cl ea r Castolite to po ur 24 kev ta gs a nd
24 pai r earring' ca sti ng'S or severa l paperweights and ai rni la r items . The col n r 1ete CAST OT.l TRR
Series a nd " How To Earn Ex tra Money In Yo ur Spare T ime " are includee wit h Ihe kit. wh ich
is pri ced a t $10 .00 . pos tp aid. Writ e to :
Commercial Crafts Divis ion, Dept. C-9
THE CASTOLITE COMPANY Woodstock, Illinois
1---------------------------------------------------
The Castolile Co., Commercial Crafts mv., Dept. c-s
Woodstock, Illinois
o Enclosed is 25c for one copy of " How To Earn Extr a Money
In Your Spare Time. "
o Enclosed is $1.00 for one se t of t he CASTOLITER Proj ect
Series .
o Enclo sed Is $10.00 for the special Commercial Craft Kit ,
Cat. No. CG-5. This kit includes t he Project Series and " How
To Ear n Ext ra Money In Your Spar e Time " a nd is ma iled ppd.
Mosaic inla y in shades of blue -green odds dis -
t inction t o t his walnut tab le .
Seventh gr a de st udent s a re pouring colo rf ul tile
trays a nd coas t e rs w it h liquid Ca s tog la s.
MARCH APRIl , 1 9 5 8 5
.-- ORDER--
OPPORTUNITY
EXC ITING home bus ine ss or offi ce side line. Mall
order executi ve will show you how t o net large
profits with no investment in merc handise or an-
vertising reouired. Experience n ot n e c e s sa r y.
Proven practical. fully eXDI"ined in FREE e M f l.
dential letter. Write: IMPACT! INC., Dept. 184,
340 7 Prospect Avenue. Cleveland 15, Ohio.
Getinto aprofitablebusinesswithoutspend ing
l ei Rush postcardfor powerful fREESales nut -
fit that makes it easyta lake orders for Mason's
fast-selling line . Including warm insulated
Jackets. Boots, featuring AirCushion inner-
soles-over 190 dress, sport Ind work styles
for men, women! Friends, people where you
work, buyfest-payyou big profits.Just 2cem-
bination shoe-j acket sales I day pay you up t o
$660 monthly EXTRA CASH! Folk. mu. t buy
fromyou-Mason products never soldbystorest
Sta,t now! Rushpostcard for FREE Outfit!
MAS0N
Shoe Mfg. Co. Dept. A216
Chlppewe Falls. Wis.
IMPERIAL
RAPID
BRUSH CLEANER
BOOK MANUSCRIPTS
CONSIDERED
by coop erat ive pub lis he r who off ers aut hors early
publicat ion, higher royally , nati onal distributi on,
and beautifully designed books . All subject s wei
corned. Write , or send your MS directly.
GREENWICH BOOK PUBLISHERS, INC.
Attn.: Mr. Holland 489 Filth Ave., N. Y. C.
Print At Home
Ca rds , Stat ione ry. Adver-tisi ng,

g'r a vin g', t oo . Save money . Print
for Other s. Good Prof it. Have a
home print . h o p. Sol d di r ect from
factorf o nl y . P a Y8 {or i u elf in a
short time . J unior press
$29 up. Easy rules se nt . We supply
cata-
KELSEY PRESSES. E-95. Meriden. Conn.
Just dip any hard-caked brush in
IMPERIAL Rapid Brush Cleaner.
Paint st arts to dissolve instantly. No
long soaking needed. Brush can be
used immediately after cleaning.
Leaves brushes with their original
spring and liveliness - never flabby,
Used liquid can be saved for future
use.
At paint and hardware stores.
Write for free leaflet on
"Care of Paint Brushes."
Send 25 for ill ust rate d Manual on Refinish ing
WILSONIMPERIAL COMPANY
124 Chest nut St. , Newar k 5, N. J.
all the time-tested Delta lathe fea-
tures including: indexing mechanism
built into head stock, graduated tail-
stock for precision drilling a nd scien-
tificall y ribbed bed to prevent dis-
tortion.
A comp l e t e line of accessories
available with the tool allows the hob-
byist to use the lathe for drum and
disc sanding, buffing, brushing, pol-
ishing, horizontal drilling and other
special operations .
For further information write Delta
P ower Too l Division, Rockwell Man-
ufacturing Company, 473 N. Lexing-
ton Ave., Pittsburgh 8, Pennsylvania.
Venetian Blind Cleaning
Attachment
A UNIQUE cleaner a ttachment designed
t o m a k e d u s t in g venetian bl inds
easier a nd faster is now available
from the W & W Manufacturing Com-
pany.
Called " V-Vac, " the handy device
is constr ucted of durabl e, attractive
pl ast ic a nd slips quickly over the
hose of almost any popul ar vacuum
cleaner without special adaptors . A
doub le set of dusters runs over and
under each slat of the venetian blind
at t he same time, thus cu tting work
in half .
The dust er s are made with soft,
deep pile fabric of Dynel , Union Ca r-
bide Corporation's acrylic fiber . Dust
is r emoved and drawn right down
th e hose without scattering. The need
for soap and water or dusty r a gs is
eliminated and the cleaning is done
without a ny possibility of t ot t er ing
atop a chair or stool.
According to W & W, the Dynel pile
fabric has proved to be most effi-
cient for removing every trace of
du st. Ge ntl y fluffy, it cannot scratch
paint but has enough body to do a
thor ough cleaning job.
Th e unit retails for $3.70, post pa id ,
and if a special adaptor is required
on a pa r t icul a r machine , W & W will
de liver one free of charge. New sets
of four duster s come in a special
dr ying rack for $1.29 postpaid. Or-
der s for the V-Vac attachment or in-
format ion on where it is sol d in spe-
cial areas m a y be directed to W & W
Manufacturing Company, 707 Main
Str eet , Gr andview, Missouri.
YOU 'RE IN BUSiNESS RIGHT OFF_ P r actl
4
cal co u rse , co mple te u pholsterer ' s t ool s.
m ater i a ls. fr a m e s. a ll you need t o e arn i n
6pareti me while yo u l ear n AT HOME. Ex-
pe rt N. Y. St ate -a pp r oved t r a i n i ng in UP-
hol st e ry . s Up covers. e tc. Big Opportunity
F i eld. Send f or FREE Illustr a t ed Ca talog
a nd FRE E Sam p le t . oa son. wr- it e T oda y.
APprov ed for V eter an s .
Upholstery Trodes Sch. , D.pt . GC17S 12, 721 S'way, N. Y. 3, N.Y.
LAPIDARY AND JEWELERS SUPPLIES
SILVER SUPPLIES-RING MOUNTINGS
NEW 1958 CATALOC READY, includes listings
lapidar y sup plies , jewelry findiogs, ring mountings,
synthetics. cut gems 40c up , earring mountin gs.
pe ndant mounti ngs. bracelet mountin gs. rough gems
and ma ny other items . Send 5Oc for catalog.
Ou, Ol fice 4"d Show Room Open, Mo"d4Y Ih,o"llb
S4IU, d4Y, f, om 1:00 10 6:00 P.M.
TECHNICRAFT LAPIDARIES CORPORATION
5560 Broadway Dept. A New York 31. N. Y.
CABINETMAKING
1\
,.' Low Cost Home Craft
f" :/ . Course Now Available
-' .: Make money. Become a skil led
__ woodworker. Interst ate's n ew
woodworking cou r se t el ls and
sh ows ho w t o turn out hundreds of professionally
const ruct ed a nd finish ed wood projects with h and
and po wer t ools . T wenty-two prof usely ill ust rated
manuals. Over 1, 000 pages. Over 75 pro jects.
Written by expert in structors . The
only complete course a vailable t o-
dayl Get full information without

SCHOOL OF WOODWORKING
F-7. PORTLAND 13,
OWN a Nationally
Advertised Business
We'll show you how to .
earn $8 ,750 PROFIT
the fi rst year on
just 2 jobs a day.
Eni oy the pr est ige and finan-
ci a l Indepen de nce of yo u r
O\VN busi n ess. You will be
locally t rai ned to h elp you get
Qukkly es tn blls he d. By em-
ot hers, yo u :\I UVfl -
..... , profi t s . You heeome an
...... expert in the ca re of ruga and
upholst er y. R t art pa rt - ti me
fr om horne. \Ve pr ovid e 25 reg-
ula r benefi t s. Nati onal Adver -
ti sin g, local promoti on a l ma terials . and
ma ny ot hers. P erm anen t staff work
wit h rou on any phas e of you r bu siness.
5 Ways t o Make Money .
A Du r ael ean Deal er shi p qu a lf fi es :\,0 \1 to 5 d trr er -
ent services. 'r hu s on ma ny jobs you multlpl? pr ofi t s.
I. Duraclea n : Uniq ue ABSOR PTI ON pr ocess for clean -
inJ:' ruxs, ca rpet s. upholstery. Recommended. . by
stores and manutact urers. ]'\; 0 scr ubhinx , soa ktng .
ace . Aerated foam saf ety removes dlr-t..
spot s. .n rt es so fast customers use Iurni shtngs In few
hours. 2 Durashi eld: Soil retarding t rea tment th at
KEEPS r;lrnishi np:s clea n lon ger . Yo u may
the fir st in town to offer thi s type servree. 3. nuraproof :
Protects aua lnst dam age hy moth s. ca rpet .hee tles.
such t reat men t hack ed hy an I n t ern ntt onal a-rear
Warr ant y! 4. Oura , ua r d : p'Iame- proof lng treatment
whic h re dll('es fire damage by ret a rrflng t endency of
fi res to fl ame up. Theaters. r estaura nt s, hot el s, home s
offer hu ge pot en t.lal , 5. g noteratt : Specia l chemtca l prod -
ucts ennble you t o h andle most all spot or st a mina
probl ems. Mean s ext r a bu si n ess. gre at er customer satis-
fa cti on , an d a dde d pr esti ge as pr ofession al ern tt sman.
We furni sh enough materi al s to ret ur n vour ,TOTAL
w e he lp r tnance r eli ahl e men . w r t t e for
FREE booklet s and full det ails whil e t er ritor y I S evan-
a ble.
I T
DURACLEAN COMPANY I
8-564 Duraclean Bldg., Deerfield, III. I
Plea se rush free booklets w ith fu ll detai ls I
of how I may own a nat ion a lly- ad ver t ised I
business .
I Name _.. \

6 WORKBENCH
Type P P u m p h as 1,001 u s e s. Up t o 300 0
GPH; 450 GPH 80' h igh: o r 18 0 0 GPH from
2!', ' well . Us e 1 / 6 t o 3/ 4 liP m otor . Couptuur
f nc t udert fr ee. I " In le t ; 3/
4
" outlet. Stainl e s s
shaft . Wo n ' t ru st or c t oe t . . $1.9S
Hea vy Du t y Ball -Be a ring Pump . Up t o 7. 5 0 0
GPJ-I. 1 1/4" i n let, 1 " ou t le t .. __ $12.95
Pos t pa id if cash w it h or d e r . Al s o o t her et e es,
t ype s. MON EY BACK G UARANTEE
LABAWCO PUMPS, Bell e Mead 42, New Jersey
<f
lJou Can Carve
REDBIRD No. 106 Shown
BLUEBIRD No. 107
..
BERNARD BLAKE, Rt. 1. Box 89A. Punta Gorda, Fla.

ATTENTION
II you ma ke je welry for Pl e a sure or Re sale
using Metal Findings, Rhinest one s. Moonstone s .
Copper. Ceramics . Cork. Ar tifi cial Flowers . or
Cut Your Own Stones - QUI Low Prices and
Large 84 p age Ca ta l og i s just what y ou n eed.
Whol esale and Retail. Send 25c to NATI ONAL
ARTCRAFT CO.. Dept. W. 10604 Euclid Avenue,
Cleveland. Oh io.
World's Largest Selection of
Finest Domestic and Imported
132PAGES
Woods ,Mouidings ,Ha rdwareTool s
- Al l AT l OW MONEYSAVING PRICES!
Your complete wood buying
guide and project book. Crafts-
man is your best. most com-
pl ete sou r ce of finest k iln-dr-ied
domestic and rare imported
woods, beautiful wood i nla ys ,
colorful bandings, matched
plywood s, -embosaed mould-

to find" cabine t hardware and
fitt in gs . .. mor e th an 1.500 items!
Packed wit h newest s croHs aw pa t -
t erns , proj ect ide a s a nd m one y

pay matling, handling co st. Write
CRAnSMAN WD DSERVICE CO. ,2729S.MarySI.,DepI.L.3 Chicago8

I 2729 S. Mary se., Dept. L3, Chi cag o 8 , 111. I
I Rush menew I
I I
I NAME_________ I
I ADDRESS______________________________ I

..
Anhnal s , Birds . Novelties and m a n y ot her
pop u lar Items . Eas y to make and s e l l. a ust
tra c e. cut out an d p ai n t. Se n d :5t . 00 t mht v
for the LAWN ORNAMENT PA Cl{ET contn tn-
a ll 9 0 patter ns .
MASTERCRAFT PLANS , Dep t . 328
1 041 O l c o tt A v enue Ch i c a g o 31 . Il l i n o i s
Free toWRITERS
seeking a book publishe r
Two fact-fitled, illustrated brochures tell how
to p ublish your boo k, get 40% royalties, na-
tional advert is ing, publicity and promotion.
Free editorial appraisal. Write Dept . W3
Exposition Press / 386 4th Av e ., N.Y, 16
MARC HA P R l l , 19 58 7
THIS NEWLY introduced low priced
shower door kit comes complete,
ready to install. Included with the
two s hat t e r p roof he a v y plastic
shower doors are top rail, bottom
rail, two side rails, cement and
screws. Everything is available for
the do-it-yourself enthusiast to ac-
complish the job in a few minutes.
An additional feature allows the doors
to be removed quickly and easily to
permit washing children in t ub and
cleaning of tub. The com ple t e kit
retails for $19.95 and is m anufactured
by Home Products, Inc. , 1100 S. Cen-
tral Park Ave., Chicago 24, Illinois.
Grooves To Hold Shelves
Shower Door Kit
CALLED ZIP CLIPS, these channel-shaped
steel supports a re install ed in a jiffy
without n ails or screws . F'our prongs
on back are simply ha m m ered into
place. Zip Cli p gr ooves 1%" lon g and
5/16" de ep t a ke up to 1/4" t hick ply-
wood, hardboard, glass , heavy card-
bo a rd, etc. Ide al for divider supports
in kitchen, bureau and desk drawers
or workshop bin compartment s. Al so
hold shel ves a nd window vent ilat or s .
Zip Clips can als o be us ed in m etal or
plastic drawers and cabinets if %"
thick wood lining is added .
Retail P ri ce: 6 fo r 25 cents at
le ading hardware, variety and dime
stores or, if not available l oc ally, 24
for $1 (minimum) , postpaid, from
manufacturer , A. D. Scott Industries,
Inc., Dept. WB, 5447 N. Wayne Ave.,
Chicago 40, Illinois.
C. KAMA
"I'M MAKING
MORE THAN
$1000aMonth
'-------'
Pe ople 50 to 80
COPYDOWNTHIS NAME
AND ADDRESS NOW
Ea r n e x tra money at h om e weaving rugs,
ca r pe t s , etc. from old rags or new yar ns. fo r
peo pl e in your community! No ex oerience
n e cessa r y . Thousan ds d o in g it with ea sy
run n in g $89.50 Un io n Looms . Send for ou r
fr ee booklet today.
THE CA RLCRAFT CO.
65 POST ST. BOONVILLE, N. Y.
MAKING COSTUME JEWELRY ATHOME
Thril li ng . s pa r e- ti m e.
h obby! Ma ke ne we st. be a uti fu l jewel-
ed e arr in g s . ne ck la c e s. bracele t s . pins ,
pendnnta. cu f f li nks . t te c lips!
Quick . easv t o make -c-ea ater t o
s e ll t o f r ie nd s . n eighbors . s tores.
a t bi g profit! Details FREE!
DON-BAR CO . , Dept. C-27
3511 W. Armitage Ave. , Chica go 47,
Illin ois
HAVEN'T TOUCHED BOTTOM YET!"
-reports Cha rl e s Kama , Texa s , one o f
m a ny who are " c le a n i ng up" with orders
for PRESTO. S cien c e's N ew M idg et M ir..
Be l . Fi re Extinguisher. So can YOU I
Am a zin g n ewkind of fir e ext inguisher. Tin y
" Prest o" do es j ob of bulky ex ti ng uishe rs th at
coa t 4 ti m es as mu ch, a re 8 times as heavy.
Ends fires fast as 2 se conds . Nev er corrodes.
Guaranteed for 20 y e ars! Over 2 million
s o ldl S ell s f o r only $ 4.9 5 . ...
Show it t o ci vil de fense worker s , owner s of
homes. cars, bo ats, f arms, etc. a nd t o st or es
for r e..s ale-make good income . H . J. Kerr rep orts $20 a da y.
Wm. WydalIi s $15.20an hoor . FREE Sa les Kit . No obli gati on .
MERLITE INDUSTRIES, Dept. P149F
PRESTO DIV., 1 14 East 32 St., New York 16, N.Y.
Canada: Mopa Co. , Ltd.., 3 7 1 Dowd St. , Montreal 1, P.Q.
MAKE BIG MONEY
GOOD MONEY IN WEAVING
... and write t oday to find out
how you can still apply for a
$1,000 life in surance policy to help
take care of final expenses with-
out bur de ning your family, Mail
a postcar d or letter, giving your
name, add ress and age to :
Old Ame r ica n Ins. Co.
1 Wes t Dth, Dept. L306M
Kansas City, Missouri
There is no obligation-and no
one will call on you. You can
handle the entire transaction by
mail.
F or an tn teresttua and Pro fitab le H ohbv.
m ak e an d sell .lIg- Sawe d Toy s , Novel -
t ie s . and Ornam ents .
To accu a t n t vou w ith our many .Tlt! Sa w
p atter-ns. we will send vo u 130 OF
OUR MOST POPULAR FULL SiZE PAT-
TERNS, w ith ea s v t o ( oll ow Ins t ructions
(or ONLY $1 .00 POSTPAID.
S . LYNDS - PATTERNS
110 Pa r k A v e . N at i c k, M a nachus eth
JEWELRYCRAFTERS SUPPLIES
- WHOLESALE -
Earring Screwbacks (s rn .. med., Ige. ) . golden
or Silvered gross $1.40. Drop scr e wbacks
gross $1.60. Clip e arbacks $2.00 gros s. Pi erced
wi re t y pe roll e d gold d ozen 45c. Al so Pin-
backs -Ch a ins -Beads -Gift Boxes -Key -
ch a ins-Perfume a t omiz e rs, etc. Send 20c for
illustrated literature (s t amps a ccep t ed ) re-
f u n da b le .
MYLES Box 176- WI New York 8, N. Y.
the craft and home bookshelf
Reviews By Theodore M. O'Leary
Woodshop Tool Maintenance
by Beryl M. Cunningham and William F. Holtrop
295 pages; illus t ra te d; Charles A. Bennett Co.,
Peori a, Illino is; $7.
WHILE A great deal has been written
on how to use both hand and power
woods hop equipment, not much has
been put into book form on the im-
portant subject of maintaining that
equipment in good op erating condi-
tion. To fill this void two industrial
arts t eachers at the college level
have written "Woodshop Tool Mainte-
nance ," a big infor m a t ion crammed
volume that can truly be called a
pioneer work.
Maintenance of woodshop equip-
ment, in the words of the aut hors,
incl udes the proper adjustment and
ca r e of tools, reconditioning a nd
sharpening of cutting edges, r epl a ce-
ment of tools and parts, periodi cal
lubricat ion, the repair of worn p arts
and the installation of n ew equip-
ment. The a ut ho rs believe that re-
gardless of the good quality of your
equipment, you canno t obta in go od
performance unl ess you become f a -
mili ar with it s co ns t r uc t ion and can
make t he necess ary adjustments. In
additi on to im pair ing effici ency,
poorly a dj us ted equ ipment can also
cause a ccidents .
"Anyone who is capable of learning
to perfor m the operations for which
the eq uipment is built , c an just as
easily learn t o maintain it , " the a uth-
ors assert. They grant that the begin-
ner in woodwor k may not be able to
appreci a t e s ome of the procedures
and t echniques which they give, but
as he acquires more s k ill in the use
of the tool, he will find that he will
also reach a greater understanding
of the processes involved in its
maintenance.
More t han 400 illustrations are in-
cluded in this vo lum e. Many of them
were created especially for it a nd
s how com ple t ely new t echni ques
which wer e wo r ked out by the auth-
ors to perform jobs for whi ch no
established proc edure s e em ed t o
exis t. As an example, there seem ed
to be no procedure for gumming c ir-
cular saws that would give a uni for m
spacin g of the teeth. The a ut hors
devel oped such a procedure a nd it
is illustrated her e for the f irst time .
The s ame was true of a ser ies of
photographs occupying seven pa ges
and showing how to fold b and saw
blades.
PART ONE of "Wood shop Tool Main-
tenance" deal s with hand tool!' and
includes cha nter s on tools used fo r
B W ORK BEN CH
sharpening, maintaining the cutting
edge of tools, maintaining hand
pl anes, chisels and gouges , wood
scrapers , handsaws, wood bits and
such miscellaneous tools a s hammers,
scr ewd r ivers, drawknives, spoke-
shave cutter s, sciss ors a nd shears,
squares , clamps, dividers and vises.
P art two con cerns it self with ma-
chine tools-the var ious power saws,
lathes, jointer s , hollow chisel mor-
ti sers, single pl anes or surfacers,
sanding machines a nd shapers. Sep-
arate cha pt ers a r e also devoted to
electric motors, V belts and the lub-
rication of machines.
The advantages of having between
one set of book covers, vast quan-
titi es of information whi ch hitherto
have been scatter ed through many
volumes, periodicals and pamphlets,
etc., are obvious. Adding to the value
of the book , of course, are the new
t echniques devel oped a nd illustrated
by the a ut ho rs a nd t he fa ct that
year s of experience in the tea ching
field enable th em t o co nvey informa-
tion cl ea rl y and without t aking for
granted t oo much prior knowl edge on
the part of t he reader . This is the
s or t of a bo ok t hat is vir t uall y cer-
tain to pay for itself many times over
in better tool performance and longer
tool life.
Chip Carving
by Harri s W. Moore
46 pages; illu str at ed; Charl es A. Bennett Co.,
Peor ia, Illinois; pa perbound, $1 .15 .
CHIP CARVING is one of the most primi-
tive of a r t s but on e which s t ill today
gives the artistically in clined wood-
craftsman a chanc e to express him-
self. It cons is ts of m aking angular
incisions to enrich a n otherwise plain
wood surfa c e.
Primitive South P acific islanders,
Harris W. Moore t ells us , executed
beautiful des igns on ceremonial ob-
j ects, usi ng a bit of shell or a s har k' s
tooth a s a cutt ing tool. Much later in
Sweden in th e 17th a nd 18t h centur ies
t his s tyle of carving wa s widely a p-
pl ied to household furni t ure and im-
plements. A r ude knife . made from
a n old sword or scythe, was of ten the
only t ool used.
F or t he contemporary chip carver
Mr . Moore recommends the use of a
chi p carving knife, a wood carver's
veining tool , a parti ng t ool. a s kew
chisel and a carver's gouge. t he latter
pa r t icul arl y us eful in stabbing flower
fo rm rosettes. All the cutting t ool s
sho ul d be hon ed to a keen perfect
edge, as yo u simply can't a t ta in goo d
results with a dull tool.
Mr. Moore offers instruction s in
the actual chip carving t echnique a s
well as advice on the s elect ion of
wood and its finishing. The remainder
of his bo ok is devot ed to a s er ies
of actual size designs for the decora-
tion of articles which lend them-
selves particularly well to chip carv-
ing. They include such things as a
glove box, a checkerboard, a pin .
tray, card case, bl otter, pipe rack,
handkerchief box, picture fr a m e ,
wastebasket, paper knives , game
boards, whisk broom holder, ea s el
for holding photographs or postcards,
a toothpick holder and a black ma-
hogany sewing box cabinet, made
and carved by Mr. Moore, a photo-
graph of which is included.
Course in Mosaic Making
by Jo seph L. Young
60 pag es ; illustrated; Reinhold Publishing Corp.,
New York City; $3. 50.
ALTHOUGH THE art and craft of mak-
in g m os a ic s is thousands of years
old, it is just now enj oying a popul ar
vogue in this country a mong home
cr a ft s men. Professional a r t is t s a nd
craftsmen ha ve been r espon sibl e for
the great proportion of the mos aic
work in America. But now making
mosaics has become a definite part
of the do-it-yourself movement, J 0 -
seph L. Young points out in "Course
in Mosaic Making."
"Perhaps, " wri tes Mr. Young, "the
art once made by slaves for kings ,
and once used by the Church fo r the
people, will now bec ome one of the
true arts of the peopl e. " He goes on
to say that a l mos t a nybo dy ca n do a
creditable mosaic if he devotes a
r easonable amount of t ime to learn-
ing the craft. Do-it-yourself mosaic
kits are now becoming increasingly
availabl e. These have both their ad-
vanta ges and their disadvanta ges ,
Mr. Young points out, and he offers
suggestions on ho w the di sadvan-
t a ges may be ov ercome.
F or the benefit of beginner s, Mr.
Young expl ains just what tools and
ma ter ia ls are necess a r y for m ak in g
m osaics, in cluding the variou s t ypes
of t es serae (small pi eces of mar ble,
glass, s tone, et c., which , pl a c ed to-
gether, make up the mosaic). He also
lists so urces of these tool s a nd mate-
rials. To ge t started , he s uggests
t hat yo u make a sma ll t ri vet in
mosaic or cover a n ungl a zed ash tray.
Then he t ells you how t o make a
m os ai c coffee table by a dher ing the
t essera e to a plywood bas e, us ing
CHAIR CANE
SAVE YOUR VALUABLE CHAIRS
Easy to do yourself . G e n u i nc
Strand Ca ne. w oven Can e w eb-
for Chairs with Groove. As h
Spli nt s. Hush. Cat nlog Dime.
In st j-uet t on s 25c. Compl et e Seal
we a v t n s R o ok. $1. 15. Harri s .
Ba sket Reed. Ba sket ry Book. 75c.
'1'0 be subcont racto rs . Cast pl ast ic pr oduct s
for manufact urers in Our Cleart na House
Servi ce. Thou san d s of easl ly- ma de it ems
requ ired . Ca sh in at home. wit hout pre-
viou s expe rie nce. Ret yo ur 0 w n II 0 u r s .
wrue to day for FREE li st of 100 mo st
want ed it ems.
PLASTIC SERVICE ASSOCIATES
Dept. WB3 East Boston 28, Mass.
POSITIVELY NO
SELLING!
I made $20,000 in one year without sell-
ing a thing--door to d oor, over the
counter, by mail,or a ny other wa y . All
I did wa s buy up j unk j ewel ry. Then Unc le Sam -
paid me $35. 00 a n ounce for the gold in it, less a
ama ll handling and refining char ge. Send me your
na me and address and I'll show you how it'a done.
I clai m there n ev er was a m o re interesting way t o make
money. Postt tvelz no selling because the U. S. Governmen t is
eager to buy all t he old gold you turn in - at establis hed
pr ice. Just follow my plan and you can find junk j ewel r y to
buy in any communi ty-large or s mall. 1 show yo u where t o
find it , what topay fo r it. how t o test it a nd how t o mail it t o
Un cl e Sam fo r immediate cash. I' ll teach yo u t he secre ts by
wh ic h I made $20.000 in a year with absolutel y no selli ng. No
charge for fac ts. No s ales man will call . Send no money-jus t
na me , address on po stcard .Write now to: LESLIE PATTON,
335 West Madison Street, Dept. 20-E, Chicago 6, III.
FOGARTY CANER, Dept. 3, Troy, N. Y.
MARCH -APRIL, 1958 9

My Meth:d reweaves a_
bur ns , t ears . moth hol es in s ui t s , BEfO" ,..f
1E
"

t eet. Exclusive new d ev ic e-the
Vi sual- Weaver-which prepares you
Quickly, makes lea r ning easy.
Profits Upto $5foran Hour'sWork
Up to $5 for an hour' s work is pes-

for material s . Hig e p r oftt o r ders
should come fr om hom es. cl eaner s,
dept. s to res . My Co urse ex pla i ns
how. Tells you how to ope ra te a ny-
where-in city. town or on a farm.
No experience ne ed ed -no ed ucat iona l r e-
qui r ement s : merely good eyes ight, pati enc e and desire t o learn.
EVERYTHING SENT AT OUR RISK
Unusual opportunity to prepare now fo r thi s f ascina ting
hi ghly paid. little known profession. Clea rly illustrated step'-
by-step Course of In struction, compl et e Equipment and Bkil -
Weave g- Pcint Plan for Financial I nd ep enden ce mav be ex-
a mined at hom e without ri sk . In sp ect cours e and eq uipme nt
for 5 fu ll days, then decide after talking it over with family
and f riends. WRITE TODAY for FREE details. Act Now !
SKIL-WEAVE,335 W.Madison St De pt. 53, Chicago6 ,1II.

l 335 W. Madison se., Chicago 6, III.
Please arve me tull detail s on how I can b e come a r eweaver and I
I
make extra money at home. I understand that all In t or ma ti o n ia
tree, the re Is no obt hra tl on and no lIalesman will call . I
l
Make $5 an Hour CASH PROFIT
THE DAY YOU START!
Start your own busi-
ness at Harne '
Sharpen Household,
Garden and Shop
Tools in Spare Time.
Turn s pare time into Big Cash Profits with new Belsaw
Sharp-All. No experience needed to sharpen knives, sets-
sors, s heaIS, ice skates, mower blades, hedge trimmers,
axes, chisels and circular saws . . . Learn how easil y you
can sta rt your own s pare time busi ness. Amazing lowcost
easy-payment plan. Send Post card for FREE BOOK.
BELSAW SHARP-ALL CO 750BField Bld2., Kansas City II, Mil.
the so-called direct method. He also
tells you how to make a coffee table
by t he indirect method, in which the
mosaic design is laid on hea vy pa-
per, then transferred to the surface
of the table. Then follow detailed in-
str uct ions for making a wall panel.
Doing a cartoon in mosaic and
executing and installing a mural are
other pr oj ect s offered by Mr. Young.
He suggests many other us es for
mosaics in the home-on fireplaces,
in m urals, as flooring, on lamp bases,
but most of the examples he offers
seem rather far beyond the range
of the begi nner . They suggest, how-
ever ; goals for which the beginner
may str ive, as do the several photo-
graphs of t he mosai c work of such
outstandi ng pr ofess ional mosaic a r t-
ists as Gino S e v e ri n i and J uan
O'Gorma n.
Recei vi ng Ae rial System s
by I. A. Dav idson
152 pages; illustrated; Philosophical Libra ry,
New York City; $4.75.
THIS BOOK on radio a nd televis ion
a erials is not a simple how-to-d o-it
m a nual but a s earching inquiry in to
the t echnical problems in volved in
the funct ion a nd use of aerials . Its
empha sis , however, is on home in-
stallations a nd for the per son wit h
an inqui r ing mind, who wants to
know j ust how a n aer ial works, what
one type will do t ha t another won' t
a nd similar question s, here are the
a nswers .
But t hi s is in no sense merely a
theoretical book. The person who
reads it a nd a bsor bs its contents will
gain knowl edge whi ch should enable
him t o improve home radio or t el e-
vision r ecept ion to t he extent that
such r ecepti on is governed by the
type of aer ial in us e, its met ho d of
installation a nd si milar factors .
Mr . Da vidson explains the basic
f a ct or s t hat go into a n ideal aerial
a nd point s out that most of t hem a r e
dependent on t he frequency of the
s ignal be ing r eceived . He gives some
of the aspects of the directional
characteristics of aerials a nd how
they influence its perfor m a nce. He
discusses t he electrical characteris -
t ics of the most wi dely us ed types of
aerials . He describes types of aerials
used for single channel and m ultiple
channel reception, r e s p e c t i v e l y,
stressing that when choosing a t el e-
vision aerial , local knowledge of re-
ception conditions is the most useful
guide. He discusses t he mechanical
des ign of aerials and t ells you how
to ins t a ll an a er ial , stressing that
many of the advantages of a well-
des igned aerial will be lost if it is
installed incorrectly. Finally he looks
into t he future and suggests that as
transmitters continue to increase in
power there will be a greater use of
indoor aerials. The widespread use
of ferrite rods for both indoor a nd
outdoor aerials is an imminent de-
velopment which will enable rn uch
smaller aerials t o be constructed,
either indoor s or outdoors.
... Swiss or American
Unique Swea:z: ey Syst e m starts
you making repai rs r ight away .
Deve lops your skill ste p by-st e p.
Teaches modern methods . . ,
pro fes s ion al s hor t cub. Learn by
per sonal atten dance or s pare time
hom e study. Fr ee Sample Lesson.
No obligation. Wri t e tod ay!
CHICAGO SCH. OF WATCHMAKI NG
Dept . 738
2330 Milwaukee , Chicago 47 , 111.
119 PATTERNS
Writ e tod ay for free facts about the newest ao.d
most fa s cinating of aJi new home operated bust-
nee s es. For the first time. a simplified machine
brings the fabulous profi ts of
Plastic Sealing and Plastic Lam-
in atmg within the r each of th e
s mall operator . Anyone can
le arn to op er ate it with a few
minutes practi ce . Th en-with
our MAGIC MAILPLAN-can
g et mail or de rs pouring in daily
with ca s h in every envelope..
No Canvassing or Selling
Fill orders at home i n spare ti me
to s tar t . Then e xpa nd to fu ll
time bu siness. We even supply
circular s to bring back cas h
and ord er s . Ru sh name for all
the facts you need to st ar t . A
po stcard will do. No ch a rge.
WARNER ELECTRIC CO.
1512 Jarvis, Dept. L6C, Chicago 26, Illinois
ONE MILLION
DOLLARS CASH
IN CONFEDERATE MONEY
Yours only $2
98
Be a d e ep south mill ionai r e ! Ha ve mo ney to b ur n l
We ' ll send )'o u exact ly o ne m i ll ion bu c ks i n hon e sl-
t o- g oodne s s Co nfe derate m o ney-and a ll you pay is
5 2.9B! Yo u can d o ever y thing w i t h t h i s mo ney but
s pe n d i t . A m aze and am use your cotton- p lckin
f
f ri ends . W i n b ar bets by t he b ar r e l ! L i ght y our
cigars a nd c ig a r e tte s w it h $ 1 0 . 0 0 bills! Live it up !
It ' s a mil li on do ll a r s wor t h 0' la ug hs a nd 'un-
all f o r onl y $ 2. 98.
You g e t o ne m ill ion b ucks in $ 1 0 '5 . 5 2 0'5, $50' 5,
5100' s e tc. de nomi nat ions-en ough to keep you r
fr ien ds laug hing and happy for months-This off er is
limited. Only $ 4 mi ll ion dollars to a cus tomer . Our
s upply of th iS loot is li mit ed- so rush your order .. .
One Mi ll ion dollars only $ 2 . 98. Fo ur Mil lio n do llars
only $ 1 0. 0 0 . If not delight ed kee p $ 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 for
your tro uble and return t he rest of t he money for a
f ull and prompt refund. Send to- BEST VALUES
Co.. Dept. M1 96. 403 Mar ket s t . Newar k. N. J.

MAGIC MAIL PLAN
that comes with this Little Machine
CAN MAKE YOU $52.2 AN HOUR
PRECISION CUT
AND MITERED
AND NAIL'
&lID
2 1 sizes in MODERN RAW OAK
- and WORMY CHESTNUT MOLDINGS
.for de to ils a nd prices
CHESAPEAKE PICTURE FRAME CO., Dept . WB
P. 0 B'o. 533 Boltimore 3, Ma rylond
ONLY . . All fl ne pla stic. washab le. Th ese are
fa ces on ly . not kite Per Per DoZ':'
(only clown avail able Sin gle Lots ct
a ll kit . see above ). s tee Doz. 3 poe.
Smi ling Clown 2J/4 " x 3 .. $ 1 .80 $ 1.50
sweet he art. Doll 2 1/4 "x3 .. 1. 80 1. 50
_
Descripti ve fold er : 10c ( FREE with order) No C.O.D. .
'THRIFT MAll MART J
DOLL
FACES
FULL-SIZE trace on I
wood and sa w out . Clever,
ORIGINAL designs, things S
you can make to SELL.
Wall shelves, lawn signs,
pl anters, book ends, others. postpaid
BURGESS VIBROCRAFTERS. INC.
Rush $1 today . DEPT. C-37, Grayslake, Illinois

r
- for PLEASURE - for PROFIT "
'
S M I LI NG CLOWN'
18" t all . Se w by han d or machin e. anrl
.;;. s ur rr, Ga)' Pla ,SlIe fac e alii! cu t mat e-
ria l s up plied: s i lk . r-ayon an d sati n In
di rreren t col or s. No t wo doll s al tke,
Sells lor $1.98.
Your pr ice only $.80 ea. (3 or more)
Single sample clown 51.00
---------- ------
..
PHOTOGRAPH I-The approxima te ca st of th is
slender mod e rn la mp is only $7 .49 if yo u bu ild
it yours e lf. Its base is 0 cok e tin .
10 WORKBENCH
A Lamp
that shines three ways
RONALD L. ANDERSON
With its three swivel shades, this modern "t ree"
lamp enables you to direct light wherever
you want it.
THIS MODERN floor lamp (Photograph 1) uses three
" bull et " shades ready-made from Fiberglas that swivel
to put the light where yo u want it. And it's ideal for the
small house or apartment because it 's scaled down
to fi t .
The base is nothing mor e than a 9" stainless steel
cake tin reinforced with a hardboard disc on the inside.
The " trunk" of this "tree l a m p " is a 46" length of 1/2"
diameter t hin wall electrical conduit available from any
hardware store, whil e the swivel fittings are standard
lamp pa r ts which are mounted in hol es drilJ ed in the
conduit. You can buy the attractive molded plastic
bullet lamp shades for a bo ut $1 each. Metal shades
of the same shape could be used but th ey tend to get
hot when the lights are on .
First step is to drill a % " hol e in the bottom of the
c a ke tin. Cut a disc from hardboard that will lit inside-
a bout a n 8" di s c for a 9" pan-and drill a % " hole in
the center of it, too .
To mount t he conduit on the cake t in you'll need a
s t a nda r d %" junction box co nnector of t he " cr im p"
type (Photogr aph 2) . The s pecia l cri mpi ng tool required
can be rented for a qua rter or t wo from th e hardware
s to re where you get the fittings.
Ins er t the connec tor in t he cake tin. throu gh th e
hardboard dis c and tighten t he lock nut on t he bo ttom.
Dr ill four small ho les in the cake t in botto m , through
the ha rdboa rd a nd-using small a lumin um r ive ts-
fasten t he two together . This ser ves to " b eef up" the
bottom of the cake t in and prevents wobbling.
Tot al: $7.49
PHOTOGRAPH 2-Base for the lamp is a 9" aluminum or stainless steel
cak e tin reinforced by an B" hardboard disc riveted to the insid e . The
conduit " trunk" of the tree lamp is mounted in a sta nda rd " er imp" type
junction box filting in the center of the pan. Tool at left, which can be
rented from a hardware store, does the crimping.
Materials Needed:
APPROXI MATE COST
I
4
2
NO . I TE M
1 46" lengt h Ih"
thin wall conduit $ .50 ($1.10 for 10' length)
1 9" aluminum or stainless
cake tin. .39
3 Plastic bullet shades 3.00
1 Ih" "crimp" type junction
box connector for conduit. .15
2 Ih" "crimp" type
conduit couplings. .30
1 8" hardboard dis c ( scrap).
1 6" lengt h of % "
dowel (scrap). .
3 St a nd a r d lamp swivel
fittings . . . .. 1.05
25' Rubber or pl astic insulat ed
lamp cord. .75
3 Ba keli t e sockets (switch
on en d) . 1.05
Plug. .15
Aluminum rivets. .05
Sol derless co nnect or s
for s plicing. .10
PHOTOGRAPH 3-Lamp is ass embled in sections a s shown here. Swivel
fi lt ing is fa sten ed thraugh hole drilled in conduit section at left with
a lock nut on inside and long length of wire th readed th rough. Glass
fiber shade is d rill ed on side and fastened to swivel with a short piece
of VB" th readed pipe and a lock nut. Socket at right goes through hole
in top of sha de and al so is fastened with a lock nut.
Next, cut the 46" le ngth of conduit in to t hree s ections
to make it easier to secure the swivel fittings to the
conduit with lock nuts on the inside. At this point the
lamp cord should be threaded t hrough each swivel, the
swivel attached to its particular co nduit section, a nd
the lamp cord threaded down through (Photograph 3) .
Allow enough cord from each bulb so that all three
can run all the way down to the base and be joined
there. This takes more wi re, but making the s plices a t
the base of the lamp is easier and safer than maki ng
splices inside the tubing. Then tighten the swivel
fittings securely.
Next assemble the sections of the la m p, using stand-
ard Ih" "crimp" type conduit couplings ( Photograph 4),
threading the wires down through as you go . Inside t he
base of the lamp, take one of the two wires from each
of the three cords and join them t ogether. Then t ake
the remaining wire from each of the t hr ee cords and
join them together. This gives you two leads to which
to connect a 10' l en gt h of la m p cord a nd a plug.
Dr ill a 1f.l" hole in the side of the cake t in, ins ert a
rubber grommet, and run the cord t hrough, t ying a
knot on t he inside f irst ( Phot ograph 5). The plug go es
on la s t.
PHOTOGRAPH 4-This shows how " crimp" type conduit cou pling is used
to rejoin the sections of the lamp after the swivel filting is in place.
PHOTOGRAPH 5-Bollom view of base of fini shed lamp shows wiri ng,
lock nut on connector and al so hardboard disc riveted in place to
str engthen lamp and prevent wobbling.
MARCHAPRIL, 1958 11
WOOD -PLUG-
T
-ASg-t;:MBLY AND
WIRING- OF L-AM"P
C1<IMP coNNECT012
CRIMP CONNC:TOl<.
M JD D L-E
'SteTION
- - ~ ~ - --
I,"
l-r
t I ~ - = ~ ~
~ - :
-t-
8
~ .
8
OVER-ALf
V IW
Of L-AM ?
30"
PHOTOGRAPH 6-Result of using "crimp" type cou plings is shown he re.
With 0 coot of flot paint they a re hardly noticeable a nd do not detract
from appearance of fi nishe d la mp. Hole ha s bee n dr ille d in side of
shade for allochi ng it to the swive l fi ll ing.
Incidentally solderless connectors of the screw-on
type provide an easy method of making good tight
splices in the base. Other wi se t he s pli ces must be
soldered and taped.
Now come the shades. These come with a hole drilled
in the top for a bakelite socket with a r ot a r y switch
on the end. Dr ill an additional hole in the side of each
shade for attaching to the swivel fittings ( Photograph 6).
Attach the wires to t he t er m ina ls on t he sockets a nd
fasten the sockets in the shades.
The top piece is simply a 5/ 8" dowel trimmed t o f it
inside the conduit and tapered to a point ( Photograph 7).
Sand it well and seal the wood with shellac. Model air-
plane cement or other adhesive can be us ed to hold it
permanently in place.
Spray paint from a pr es surized can provides an easy
method of painting t he completed la m p. A flat ena mel ,
such as wrought iron black, gives the best finish. Be
sure to mask the shades and brass fittings first, however.
PHOTOGRAPH 7-last step is ta la oe r a dowel and ceme nt in place
at top e nd of conduit . Fla t spra y pai nl from pr essuri zed can provides
an attracti ve f ini sh.
12 WORKBENCH
ALL TOO frequentl y in your moder n
home a small crisis devel ops when
Uncle Matt a nd Aunt Millie or si ster
Sue with he r brood descends out of
the blue or from Pinckneyvill e to
spend a week end or a week. And the
reason is usually lack of enough beds.
Som ebody usually winds up on the
floor a nd that somebod y is usually
father.
An easy answer to this problem
is possible because of the prevalence
in today's homes of Hollywood-style
be ds, which consist of a well-padded
box spring and an inner spring
mattress. Tha t well-padded box
spring can s erve as a comfortable
bed itself and with the bed frame
shown her e, a second equally com-
fortable bed can be mad e with the
inner spring mattress.
The dimensions shown on the d r aw-
ing of the be d frame are flexi ble a nd
can be adapted t o a full-si ze bed , a
t hree-quarter or a single. This on e is
for a thr ee-qua r t er having a mattress
39" x 74". A slight overhang is a l-
lowed to provide the full es t possi bl e
support since the mattress lies on top
of t he frame instead of within it.
Note that the center support is 3fl"
lower th an the out er frame so that
the cross supports will rest flush with
the top of th e outer f r ame. The
frames have the added a dvant a ge of
being easily stored, for th ey are only
9" high and whe n s t ood on end take
up a very minimum of flo or s pace.
Further, when fini shed with one of
the many wood stains available they
actually become a decora ti ve as well
as useful pi ece of furniture .
Wood sizes shown a re actual al-
thou gh if lumber must be bought.
1" x 6" would be the size to specify
for the outer fr ame. Anyon e handy
with a saw and hammer can put one
of these fr ames t og ether in three or
four hours and it becom es time well
spent particularly if the man who
makes the frame is t he one who
usually has to sleep on t he fl oor.
MA RCHAP RIL , 1 958 13
THIS easily constructed frame plus a n inne r spring mattress makes a comfortable bed.

'":'---

O
0 /0
r3i,
71"
.-
--
I--
""'- I II k '{
I--
l....J
11. xh
l....J
'----------7Z-------------
/ 0/ "
:z
,.....
r
u
- -- --
!-
-


I"
3;;'

5-k
-
il

----
{
! j
3 7
5'2 1-
. -
-- -
- -_.
___ L
- - -- - - -- - - - .
I "
lL:
.
0
IZ
I--- -t..
%/x:l x'l%"
h
.
-- -- - I
9"
HERE'S THE FRAME with the ma tt ress in place. Result -an inviti ng, mode rn styl ed bed .
L
3

T
When too many people come to visit do
you end up sleeping on the floor? Here's
something you can do about it.
WEBSTER P. TAYLOR
from One
Making
TWO Beds
an
Adding
Inside Doorway
J. J. LIGHTER
PHOTOGRAPH A- Completed doorway with
folding door.
If you're not a magician, the best way to go through a wall is to
put a door in it. Here's how.
adapt the information to fit your
individual problem.
ONE OF the first considerations in
building the inside doorwa y is its
desired loca t ion. After the general
location is determined certain things
must be determined for sure before
exact location ca n be fixed. One of
the limiting factors is the spacing of
the studs. It is usually a great time
and work saver to take advantage of
at least one and possibly two of the
studs as they stand. By wall studs
we mean the ver t ica l framework of
the wall which is commonly con-
structed of 2 x 4's spaced 16 inches
on center as shown in Figure 1.
When one stud is found the others
can be located by measurement be-
cause of their st andard pl acement.
A stud can usually be loc ated by
tapping at various places along the
wall. There are various de vices on
the market for locating studs . One
type is magnetic in na ture and
makes use of the fa ct that any nail-
ing of the wallboard or lath will have
to be into the studs. Ordinarily, then,
when it points to a nail under the
surface of the wall it also points to
a stud. Another type is nonmagnetic
a nd indicates a difference in the vi-
bration it r eceives ba ck from th e
user tapping on an area between
studs and the a r ea back ed up by a
st ud. Just as tapping on the wall
gives yo u either a holl ow or a sol id
sound, so the energy picked up by
this device al so varies and it indi-
cates this difference. Approximations
of stud location may be verified by
drilling small holes to locate the ex-
tremities of stud width.
The doorway should be located so
as to bl end in harmoniously with the
r est of the room. It should also be
located clear of any obstructions
THIS ARTICLE is for the information of
the aver a ge home carpenter who
has never constructed a n inside door-
way-but would like to. There are
many who shudder at the very
th ought of cutting through a wall-
although they have a need for t he
doorway-because the wall seems to
involve some vast mystery with
which they feel unable to cope. In
most cases this is an unfounded fear.
Most of you are familiar with the
term lath. Lath forms a foundation
for the plaster on the walls a nd ceil-
ing. There are three main types of
lath: metal , gypsum, a nd wood. Wood
lath, whi ch is in the form of str ips
approximately 3fs inch thick by Ph
inches wide, antedates the us e of the
other methods in pl astered houses.
Alter ations such as building door-
ways and the like are more com-
monl y done in the older homes-in
which the lath is probably wood,
Th e r eason for alterations in older
homes is that ownership of the build-
ing may have ch anged a nd the new
owner may des ir e something differ-
ent or simply the fact that the build-
ing no longer suits it s inhabitants.
This article will be based on the use
of wood lath because it probably is
the ty pe with which most home
cr aft smen undertaking this venture
will have to deal. If your home uses
a different type of la th you can
modify the information to suit your
own needs. This arti cle also presup-
poses the fact that the outcome is to
be a doo rway for maximum utility-
durable but built with a minimum of
time and expens e. For this reason
certain suggestions are made from
time .t o time that may not exactly
suit the needs of all readers. This
article is not intended to be so limit-
ing, however, that you cannot easily
.,
ADDED
STUDS
OOUBLi\

WALL STUD S
I-- 16 I ".!....-j
I

i1)
-
I -
V V
..
FIGURE l -Standard spa cing of wall st uds-1 6
inches center to cente r.
FIGURE 2-Roughed in doorwa y- the basic
fr amewor k. One st ud anly pa rtia lly removed .
14 WORKBENCH
FIGURE 5-After the plaster has been removed
from the cutting area a compass saw can be
started in the small space available.
" X"
( PLASTER)
PLASTER
& LATH

2X4'S
FIGURE 6-This shows the relationship between
the members in a fin ished section . a f a vertical
portion of a doorway, as se en from the top.
If wedges were needed to plumb the jamb a
space would be needed at "x" - see also
Figure 8.
The finished doorway as shown in
Photograph A is approximately 24
inches wide, which is a considerable
reduction in si ze from th e original
s pace available between the studs
(with only one stud removed) . If two
studs were r emoved, the space would
obviously be much la rger than ordi-
narily practical. The a nswe r to this
is a com pro m ise which would re-
quire the basic const r ucti on shown
in Figure 3. This is, of course, a
more troublesome alteration and
should be avoided if the smaller
doorway will do. The folding door
shown in Photograph A is especially
useful when on e is constructing his
first doorway as it will . adapt to a
va r iety of openings and s a ve the
trouble of fi tting a door.
AFTER LOCATING th e s tuds a nd taking
into a ccount the addit ional thickness
of materials required to "beef-up"
and finish off the doorway the laying
. out of cutting lines is the next step.
These cutting lines s hould be drawn
in as close as practical to the finish
dimensions for several reasons. Al-
though the casing ( external trim
adde d to doorway) is intended to hide
minor mistakes more plaster some-
times comes off than is desired. After
the doorway is roughed out the naked
edge s of the 2 x 4's must be built up
the thi ckness of the la t h plus the
plaster. This is less t r ouble if there
is not such a bi g a r ea to fill in.
Using a br ick chisel, score through
the pl aster to the lath all along t he
cutting lines. A brick chis el (see
Figure 4) is avail a ble in several
widths. Sin ce there is pl enty of a rea
to be covered-both sides of the wall
don't for get- the wider t he better.
If properly scored, a considerable
amount of pl a ste r can r eadily be t orn
away from th e cutting a rea. Deep
accurate sco ri ng will hel p insure that
pl a st er will not be accidentall y torn
from the wrong side of the cutting
line. Rem oving pl a st er creat es con-
s ider a ble mess and du st. It is a good
id ea to cover the a djacent a rea in-
cludin g floor a nd furnit ure.
Be sure to r emove all plas ter from
the area to be cut before beginning
CERTAIN allowances have to be made
before you can es t im a te the size of
the finished doorway. The width of
t he doorway need not be the same as
the ot her s in the ro om but the height
sho uld be the same. If you are un-
for t unat e enough to have doorways of
varying size in the r oom, then th e
new doorway should probably be the
s a m e hei ght a s the one nearest to it
a s that is the one with which the eye
will most naturally compare it.
F igure 2 sho ws the basic frame-
wo r k for the doorway as it is con-
struct ed f rom 2 x 4' s . The fini shed
doorway will be further decreased
in width by the addition of the head
and side j ambs plus the actual
amount of spa ce used by wedges in
making th e doorway plumb. This
will be explained a s we go along but
t o give yo u a ba se fr om whi ch to cal-
culate keep thes e facts in mind a s
you vis ualiz e the changes t o be made
in the yet untouched s t udding shown
in Figure 1: 1. The wi dth of two 2 x
4' s plus the wi dth of the top j amb
would ha ve t o be added t o the de-
s ired f ini sh hei ght of t he doorway to
determine wher e the center stud
shou ld be cut. 2. The finished width
of the door wa y will be decreased by
width of the addit ional 2 x 4's on the
left a nd on th e right, plus th e s pace
r equir ed t o m ake the jamb plumb on
both sides, pl us the j a m bs on the left
a nd on the right. If a regula r door
is to be hung in t his doorway, clear-
ances will have to be allowed for
proper operation . NOTE: Dressed 2
x 4' s a r e nearer 1% x 2% in si ze and
the dressed lu mber ordina r ily used
for the jambs a nd casing is % in ch
in thickness.
that would limit it s use on either
si de of t he wa ll. It is important to
double check each side of the wall
before beginnin g as mistakes are
easier to m ake than they are to cor-
rect. If a regul a r door is t o be hung
in the doorway t hen t here must be
space fo r it t o open fully. It is als o
wise to us e a secti on t hat is free of
ele c trical ou tlets (i ncluding the base-
board) and wirin g, as relocat ion of
these is time co nsuming.
FIGURE 7-This shows the relationsh ip be twee n
the members at the top of th e doorway open-
ing prior to installing the head ja mb.
s- LATH
j
I
I

I
: I JA MB
, I
FIGURE 4-Brick chisel.
FIGURE 3-Roughed i n doorway where more
width is required. Two studs were cut off here
and rough width is now con trolled by th e in-
stallation of doubl e cripple studs.
DOUBLE
CRI PPLE

MARCH.APRIL, 1958 15
to saw the la th beca us e plaster will
dull a handsaw in a ve r y short time.
A compass saw (Figu re 5) , is excel-
lent for cutting the first several
pieces of lath away. After there is
sufficient space to operate it a hand-
saw will , of course, do a quicker j ob .
Wh en all of th e wor k is completed on
one side repeat the process on the
other si de of the wall . The baseboard
will also have to be cut and removed.
Do not remove any more baseboard
than necessary until you have deter-
mined how wide the casing will be
or just how you are going to finish
off the casing a t the bottom.
AFTER THE opening is cut the next step
is to rough in the opening as shown
in Figure 2. The cripple studs are
cut to the height of the finis hed door-
way plus 3/
4
inch (to allow for the
head jamb) a nd nail ed in pl ace . If
headers are now cut t o lengt h t hey
may be held across th e c ripple studs
and the c e n tel' stu d ac e u r ate1y
marked for cutting.
Cut the center stud and nail t he
headers in place. As shown in F ig-
ures 6 and 7, jamb wi dth is controlled
by the thickness of the wall. The cas-
ing must be parallel to the wall and
al so to th e edge of the jamb. Thick-
ness of th e wall can be accurately
determined by holding flat pi eces of
wood on opposite sides of the wall
and measuring the distance between
th em. This is the same as the space
between the casings that the jamb
must fill as shown in Figure 6. Next
cut t he head jamb to length and
pl ace in pos ition. It must be cen-
tered as in Figures 6 and 7. A check
with a level at this point may indi-
ca t e that some adj ust m en t is neces-
sary in order to level up the head
jamb. Common beveled wood shin-
gl es a r e very handy for this work
and may be pl aced in the manner
shown in Figure 8. When centered
a nd level, finish nailing in pla ce.
Cu t side jambs and place in posi-
t ion, being careful to center them
accor ding to wall width-as men-
tioned above. A pl um b line and a
level will indicate if the side jambs
are pl um b (perfectly upright and at
90-degree angles to the head jamb).
If they a ren' t , which is probable,
we dge shingles between the studs
and the jamb ( a s shown in Figure 8)
until th e condi t ion is corrected and
at as many points as needed. Finish
nailing in place . Of course, all nails
used on the casing and j ambs must
be countersunk so that th e holes can
la t er be filled in and sanded flu sh.
Figure 9 illustrates the building up
of the rough frame t o th e thickness
of the wall . These are the fill -in
strips shown in F igur es 6, 7 and 8.
Two thicknesses of la th nailed to the
studding on each side will be ap-
pr oxima t ely the same as the thick-
ness of the la t h plus the plaster.
Ca sing width, incidentally, should be
sufficient to cover all of the intended
areas so t hat little or no plaster
patching will have to be done . The
casing width should also have some
relation to t he s ize of the doorway
and the other casing used in the
room. As may be s een from the
photogr aphs , t he casing does not quite
cover the a r ea at the top of the
doorway where too much plaster was
removed. This width of casing, how-
ever, seemed to suit th e job best
and a small amount of patching
plaster takes care of the cavity. A
little more care in earlier processes
would have eliminated the need for
ev en this.
THE LAST big carpentry step in the
completion of the doorway itself is
the ad dit ion of the casing. You may
wish to tr y to match the casing tha t
is al r ead y in th e house. In some
cases this may be difficult or at least
rather expe nsive if it is or na te and
no longer standard millwork. The
casing shown in t he photographs is
plain with mitered corners at the t op .
Mitered corners leave no raw edges
but the 45-degree angles must be very
carefully cut or a poor fit will result.
The edges of the casing are shown
in these drawings as being flush with
the surface of the jamb. It appeared
to be easie r to cons tr uct it in this
manner. This has not , however, been
standard pra ct ice. You may wish to
s et the cas in t back % inch or so
instead of. m aking it Hush.
F igur e 10 S,lOWs one method of
t r imming he bot t om of t he door way
-by the use of a pl int h blo ck. Sat is-
fact ory r esult s ca n be obtaine d. how-
ever, by s im ply running th e casi ng
t o the fl oor a nd cutting th e base-
board to fit a s nearly as possible.
Aft er a pplying t he proper fi nish
you have com ple t ed a doorway. If
you wi sh to hang a door then you
have more work-but at least the
s mall er portion of the work-ahead.
A folding d o or (shown partially
open in Photograph B) is recom-
mended for several r easons. 1. Pl as-
tic doors, s uch as the one shown,
a r e available with a ll hardware for
as little at $6. 2. Installation con sists
mainly of installing a track on the
he ad jamb. 3. The bottom may be
cut off at any desired length. 4. It
may be opened from either direction.
5. It fits a wide range of doorway
widths-without sawing or planing.
Except for magic, th e best way to
get through a wall is to build a door-
way-and you can do it .
v >}

.
) %
LATH
BUIL. D UP TO
FLUS H TH I CKNESS
/
V
' ...
--
I-----STUD
" .
V

FIGURE 9-Double thic knes ses of la th na iled to
the 2 x 4's will give a flush surfa ce.
PLINTH
BLOCK
S IDE
CASI NG
8ASEBOAR
-'"
HEA D \

MITEREO
I<" CORNERS
SHINGlE----,
ST U DS
PLAS,ER &
LATH -7
F ILL - I N /
STRI PS ----'/
SHINGLE
PHOTOGRAPH B-The comp leted doorway
with t he fol di ng door pcr- tlc lly ope n.
FIGURE 8- The jamb can be corrected ver tically
and horizontolly by wedging in shingl es a s
shown. The shingle ends. of course, are broken
off before adding the ca sing.
FIGURE 1O-Pl inth blocks a re use d here to
trim the bottom of the d oo rway.
16 WORKBENCH
Tips on Driving Screws
DALE MOREY
CLEARANCE HOLE
~ METAL PLAT E
FIG. I .
FIG. 2 .
CLEARANCE
HOLE
\ \ \
/ I
I /
(
/ I
/ I I
\\ \ \ \ ~ ~ : ~ " "
{
IT'S PROBABLY becaus e it looks so easy
that m any people m ake a poor job
of drivi ng in screws. The result is a
poo r fixi ng and split wood.
Always make a cl earance hole for
the screw shank in t he outside piece
of the wood ( F ig ure 1) , a nd then
make anot her hole of more than half
th e diameter to take the threaded
portion. When fitting a metal strip
(such a s ' a hinge ) to wood, drill a
short clearance hole in the wood
after making a full-length hole for
the thread (Figure 2) . If you don't
do this, the wood, especially if it is
hard, is almost sure to split so that
the screw gets a poorer grip.
For countersunk screws, make a
small sinking for the head with either
a countersink bit or the tip of a
larger drill. But if you don't ha ve
a suitable tool, the sinking can be
made with the corner of a really
sharp chisel, or even with a pocket-
knife. Cut across the grain first, on
each side of the hole.
Where screws have worked loose,
as they often do on door hinges, you
can't always replace t hem with
bigger ones. In any case, a better
method is to drill clearance holes in
the wood and then press in ordinary
wall plugs. The s crews will then hold
firmly a nd permanently. A fairly
s a tisfactory alternative is to plug the
bottom half of the hole with steel
wool a nd to drive the screw into that.
If you ha ve to remove screws
whos e heads have been painted over, '
fir st scr a pe the paint out of the slot
wi t h the point of a fil e . Then, with
t he s crewdriver square i n the slot,
tap the end wit h the side of a
hammer; t hat sho uld f r ee the screw.
If it is rusted into the wood , hold
a hot pok er a ga ins t the head for a
minute or so to free it.
It i s a good i dea t o SITIea r with
shoe polish screws that have to be
removed oc cas ionally. An even better
way is to dip them into shellac or
other thi n varnish ; but see that t he
varnish is very dry and hard before
the screws are us ed.
Never drive or dinary steel screws
in to oak, because th e acid in this
wood will corrode them so that they
canno t be removed without break-
ing. Brass screws will not be af-
fected by the acid, and steel ones
can be given s ome prot ection by
coating them with varnish, a s men-
tioned before.
MARCH-APRIL, 195 8 17
PHOTOGRAPH 1-Measure all th e dimensians of t he sofa to be cove red to det e rmine the yardage
of materi a l requir ed. Be sure to all ow ext ra ma te rial fo r seams .
PHOTOGRAPH 2-1f you r sofa is st udded with
buttons, these must be re moved before t he new
cover is inst alled. Check und e rneath the sofa
first to be sure that these bullons do not hold
spri ngs or stuffing in place. If they do, steps
must be ta ke n to stitch these ite ms in place
before removing the bullons .
We recovered our Sofa Ourselves
EDWIN HOFFMAN
Their eyes told them, yes, their sofa did need recovering, but their
budget told them, no. Here's how the Edwin Hoffmans broke
the deadlock.
PHOTOG RAPH 3-The simplest wa y of CUlling
t he material to size is to lay it out on the sofa
tha t is to be cove red. Be sure to rever se the
ma teria l first so t hat the sea ms are on the
proper side afte r sewing. Your a bil ity a s a
sea mst re ss will determine if thi s met hod is to
be used or if you can make the cover from t he
mea surements made ea rl ier .
1B ({ WORKBENCH
A SHABBY or stained piece of living
room furniture distracts greatly from
th e beauty of your home. The easiest
way to remedy this is to buy a new
piece of furniture. At our house re-
cently finances did not allow for this
easy method. Therefore, with the
basic frame of the piece of furniture
foun d in good shape, we decided to
recover the offending piece.
A check of ready-made as well as
custom-made sofa c o ve r s showed
that our budget would not stand for
any such extravagance as p u r c h a ~
ing these ready-made products so an-
other do-it-yourself project was born.
First the piece to be recovered
must be carefully measured-on all
sides ( Photograph 1). Visit your lo-
cal yardage store and decide upon
the type and color of material that
goes well with your other furniture
and your walls and rugs. After the
desir ed type and color of material
is selected you are able to determine
the amount of material needed. Fig-
ures will not be given here because
sofas vary in size and shape as do
the widths of materials . Materials
are obtainable in widths from 24 to
54 inches. The measurements of your
particular sofa must be a pplied to
the width of the material you have
selected to determine how much
yardage is needed. If there is any
question, the sales cl erk in your
yardage store will be glad to assist
you in determining the proper length
needed, allowing for all cuts and
seams.
In our case the surface of the sofa
was studded with several dozen but-
tons that were affixed to it through
the entire thickness of the top of.
the sofa . These buttons had t o be
removed (Photograph 2) so that they
would not show shiny spots, or wear
through the new cover that was go-
ing to be put on. Befor e removing
the buttons see that they are not
used to hold stuffing or s prings in
pl ace. In our case they were not.
If they are, the stuffing or springs
m ust be secured by stitching with an
upholsterer's needle before the but-
tons are removed.
This is done ver y easily. An up-
holsterer's needle may be purchased,
along with a ball of heavy thread,
for about a dollar. They are obtain-
able at most do-it-yourself or hobby
shops as well as at upholstery shops.
Turn the sofa on its side to make
the operation easier . T h rea d the
needle and push it through the top
of the sofa from the underside, along-
side where a button is located. Re-
turn the needle and thread through
the top of the sofa, from the top, at
a point about a qua r t e r of an inch
from where it came through from the
bottom. Cut the thread and tie the
two ends in a square knot enclosing
the s pring or stuffing that t he but-
ton's th read now encloses . Cut the
thread holding the button a nd r e-
move it. Repeat this operation along-
side each button before removing it.
Be careful that your new thread is
securing the spring or stuffing t hat
the original thread secured.
If the buttons and threads do not
secure a s pring or stuffing, your t ask
is m uc h easier. Turn the sofa on it s
si de, cut t he th r eads holding the but-
tons and remove but t ons and threads.
IF THE covering of your sofa is st ill
quit e strong but shabby or fa ded, it
will give you a more professional j ob
if it is left on. Otherwise, if its sur-
face is ro ugh and may appear lumpy
through the new covering, it must
be removed.
Befor e removing a covering and
befor e a new covering may be put
on if you are leaving the old cover-
ing on , the undercovering of the sofa
must be removed. This undercover-
ing is usu all y made of cheesecloth
or a si milar porous material and is
put on the under s id e of the furniture
for a neater appearance as well as
t o trap any small pieces of stuffing
tha t may work loos e . It must be re-
moved after t he legs so we shall go
into t ha t at that time.
If you are an excellent seamstress
you will be able to cut and sew t he
entire cover from measurements yo u
made earlier. As many do not quali fy
as experts, the easiest way of insur-
ing a goo d fit is to lay the material
ou t on the sofa and cut and pi n in
place (Photograph 3) . Remember to
reverse t he m a t er ia l before pinni ng
so that the extra seam material will
be on the inside. Be sure to pull the
materi al taut befor e pi nning so tha t
the cover is snug a nd not loos e a nd
bulgy. Again your ability as a seam-
st ress will d eter min e if yo u want to
a dd co r d binding t o t he seams. We
di d not f eel tha t t he binding wo uld
add anythin g t o the finished pr oduct
so eli minated it. If you want t o use
the cord binding, it is insert ed be-
tween the mater ial of the to p a nd
s ides and sewn when the material
is sewn together.
Aft er pinning a nd cutt i ng, t he
s ea m s a r e sewn on your sewing ma-
chi ne (Phot ogr aph 4). Be sure to use
a s trong thread for the work as t he
cover will be subjected to consider-
a ble s t rain when someone is sitting
on t he sofa. Ther e is little to say
a bout t he act ual sewing except t o
urge you t o kee p t h e seams as
s traig ht as possi bl e for a better f it.
Next , t he cover is tried on t he sofa
a nd smoot hed down (Photograph 5).
At t hi s time you will see if it is too
big or too small and make any neces-
sary alterations. Do not attempt to
stretch the cover into pla ce if it is
t oo small as thi s will put an unnat-
ural strain on t he seams as well as
the material and limit the life of the
cover . If it is too loos e, remove yo ur
stitches and resew. A loos e cover
will j ust gi ve a slop py a ppearance.
LEGS ARE attached to a sofa in three
ways-nails, screws and bolts. Our
legs were of wrought iron and at-
t ached with three screws in each
leg base . These legs must be re-
moved (Photograph 6) before you
proceed with the next step. Measure
and note the placement of the legs
in relation to the corners of the sofa.
The screw holes will be covered with
the new material so this step will
assist you in relocating the legs as
they were before. If the legs are at-
tache d with bolts, the system is s im-
il ia r . On some les s expensive sofas
nails affix the legs . These can be
r em oved by grasping the nail heads
with a pair of pliers to start them
then completely pull t hem with ~
nail-pull er or ha m m er. I n some cases
t he nail-puller m a y be used from the
st a r t. In st ubborn cases the nails can
be driven completely through the
PHOTOGRAPH 5-Pull the ma te rial tig ht to
see that all seams are in place a nd the f it is
proper before tacking cover to th e sof a . " t here
are any er rors, now is the time t o co rrect t hem .
PHOTOGRAPH 4-Se wing should be done by machine to give st ra igh test edges and mos t prof essional
looking project. If yo u do not own a sewing machine, they may be rented for a nominal fe e.
PHOTOGRAPH 6-Remove the legs f ro m the sofa.
Legs a re attached by th ree me t ho d s- with
screw s, bolts and nail s. No matte r what method
is used, be sure to not e the e xa ct pos iti on o f
the legs before removal so that they may be
returned to the same spot fo r greater st re ng th
a ~ n d better appearance .
MARCH APRIL, 1958 19
PHOTOGRAPH 7-Remove the sta pled cove ring, und er the sofa, with a pa ir of plie rs. These covers
catch any st uffing that may work loo se and a lso gi ve a more fi nished a ppearance.
PHOTOGRAPH a-Staple t he cove ring in plac e aft er fir st stretc hing it tight. This ste p is followed
by ta cking in place with 6 /16inch long ca rpet ta cks. Upholste ry tacks are not ne ces sa ry for this
tas k, in fact would be too bulky to go unde r the covering.
PHOTOGRAPH 9-Afte r coveri ng is ta cked in place, the undercovering is stapled an d tacked.
Stapler is used ini tia lly to hold materia l in place and then tacks are used fo r pe rmanent installation.
20 W 0 RK 8 EN e H
wood with a nail set, then removed
from the sora after the le gs are re-
moved.
As you have measured and not ed
the location of t he le gs to the SOla
corners, they can be repositioned in
the correct spots for greate r beauty
and strength. If the le gs were a ffixed
with screws, check to see th at all
are straight. Replace bent ones. If
screw holes are too loose, partially
plug them with a wooden match s tick
or other soft piece of wood. Before
inserting the plug, dip it in wood
glue, so that it will be held in place.
The undercov ering of the sof a,
mentioned ear lier , must now be r e-
moved (Photograph 7) . It will be
affixed with staples or small t a cks .
Remove the staples or tacks and the
undercovering is off.
The covering that yo u have just
completed is now stretched into place
and secured with staples (Photo-
graph 8) . It is best that the sofa be
turned completely upside down for
t his step. The covering can be tacked
into place immediately but unless
you have several extra hands for
this step, stapling makes the job
easier. A heavy duty stapler is
needed for the job and these may be
bought or rented. Another advantage
of stapling is that staples are easier
to remove if you did not get the cover
on right. After stapling all around,
invert the sofa and check to see if the
material is centered and stretched
properly. If not, make necessary cor-
rections before tacking permanently
in place.
Six-sixteenth inch carpet tacks are
used for the final tacking. They a r e
hammered into place wit h a tack
hammer or other small hammer that
may be available.
The undercovering is s tretched into
place and affixed wi th staples. It
may then be permanently affixed
with the same size tacks (Photo-
graph 9) .
IF YOU were careful in noting the po-
sition of the legs before r emoving
them, you will be able to put them
back on with little effort (Photogr aph
10). Otherwise you will ha ve to probe
wit h an ice pi ck, or other sharp ob-
ject, t o loca t e the hol es, if they were
he ld on with screws. Bolt s a re a
s impl er m a tter a s the holes are
m uch larger a nd may be felt through
t he material. When reaffixing the
legs that were held with nails, you
need your earlier measurements to
get t hem in the right positi on. It is
not necessary t o put t he new nails in
t he old hol es . Also do not attempt to
reuse a bent, and straightened, nail.
Ben t na ils never drive t rue, no mat-
ter how well t hey are st raightened.
If you plugged a ny screw holes to
give a ti ghter fit, the sc r ews that are
to go into these holes should be lu-
br icated wit h wax or paraffin befor e
inserting. This will allow easier entry
into the ti ght hole without splitting
the wo od. This wax or paraffin on
the threads of the screw will not af-
fect its holding power.
Time involved again depends upon
the individual. In our case we re-
covered two sofas in a period of four
hours. The nature of the task is such
that each step can be done as a
phase and work continued at a later
time with no eff ect on the completed
project.
sewing machine. If yo u do not own
a sewing machine one may be
rented for a nominal sum or even
better, some of the sewing machine
centers will allow you t o do the com-
pl ete sewing job on th eir premises
for a nominal fee and at the same
time provide advice if needed.
in their proper place and reinse rt screws. If a ny holes were
too loose they should be plugged with match sticks or other soft wood before inse rtin g scre ws.
These screws hold the e ntire wei ght of the sofa and t hose silt ing on it so they must be secure .
Lubrica te the scre ws with wax or paraffin for eas ier inser tion.
If you desire, th e button s you re-
moved earlier m ay be put back on.
This is done by r un ni ng your uphol-
s terer's need le up from the under-
si de of the sofa, hoo king it through
t he button a nd returning through the
same hol e . The loose ends are ti ed on
the unders id e. This must be done be-
for e t he undercoverin g is replaced.
We did not do it a s we fe lt the uninter-
r upted s moothness of the surface
was mor e a tt rac t ive than one clut-
te red wi th buttons.
Now your sofa has been completely
r eco vered (Photograph 11) at a frac-
t ion of the cost of r eady-made covers.
This custom-made cover, which you
have just co m ple t ed, will be as near
a perfect fi t as your a bil it y will al-
low, whereas r ea dy-made cover s do
not always fi t well because of the
m ult it ude of sizes in which sofas
com e. Cost of the project is con-
trolled mainly by the type of mate-
rial selected. We decided to use a
cor dur oy material and by waiting
un t il one of the local stores had a
sale of t he t ype of material and color
we wanted, we held our cost to the
a bso lute minimum. Other materials
r equired are thread, tacks and sta-
ples-worth not more than a few
cen t s each. A word of warni ng-
use the best material and thread t hat
yo u are able to afford for this proj-
ect. A cover of this t ype is put under
severe strain every time someone
si ts on t he sof a a nd a few cents or
even a few dollars more in material
costs will mean months or years
more wea r and longer life with a
better appearance.
Tools required are simple : a ham-
mer , screw driver, pliers, a stapler,
a pair of s cis sor s and, of course, a
PHOTOGRAPH 11-The finished sofa. Neat and clea n and good fo r several more years' use.
MA RC H APR IL. 1958 21
Always wanted a greenhouse? This one isn't very big but it's
simply made and serves a useful purpose.
Give Flowers an early start
with this Small Greenhouse
R. S. HOWARD
THIS SMALL GREENHOUSE, built fro m two window sas h, is shown with the front sas h op en . Wh en
closed , it provides early spring protection for seedlings and t ranspl ants, but allows plenty of
sunl ight to enter the encl osure .
22 WOR KBENCH
ALTHOUGH DEFINITELY not for winter
use, this enclosure affords protection
from the early spring chill and gives
transplants and seedlings plent y of
sunlight. It is built of two window
sash, one for the roof section and one
the front , with clear plastic film or
sheeting such as is used for storm
windows applied to the ends. The
unit is built on the side of a shop or
garage, pr ef er a bl y facing south so
as to get t he full benefit of the early
spring sunshine. Multiple light sash
is most desirable for the roof, as
the small panes of glass give
strength, while the larger panes are
used for the front so as not to ob-
struct the view of the plants when it
is closed.
The floor or "bench" of the unit
is built first , the size being deter-
mined by the sash used, and the
right height from the ground is de-
termined. In this case the green-
house was built just out si de a shop
window, giving access to the plants
from within. The bench can be made
of % " boards, nailed together with
cleats on the bottom. It is well t o
give the bench several coats of paint
so as to prevent the moisture from
soaking in when watering the plants.
And if one wants to insure a more
stable humidity for the growing
plants, a 2" layer of sand can be
spread out on t he shelf, and kept
damp. On real frosty nights one or
two IOO-watt li ght bulbs will pr even t
a freeze, and add t o t he effectiveness
of t he pretty flowers at night .
/x.
$op oe
(f'/IRR6E
Wll a.
-5
/xs:
/X:l..
3 " .&EtVC'E
I'/:JST
--
--- _ u
/ /
/sCeEN Dca..
/ HooK
I
(
\
\
\
,
\
T
HE/6117
TO
SUIT .
rop e-e RooF /S 19 /\1vLT/PL.c c/uHT eY/1SrI
FRo/YT /5 -9 2- ,-t / o # T S /l5H, fiNO T#E ENDS
I1RE C'bv'ERED W/TH (3.LE.Re R-9S T / C S/fEET //\/G.
TRCKED 0/'0/ yV/TH SCREEN
/)(2
Zx.z
,.,-
,.,-
./
./
/'
LOwER
.5'/1$1--1 .-/:7

L. /6;<; T)
VPPER S -9sH
(/'1VLT/,Dl. L/oNT)
S?OE eFecT/ONAL 4 PRo/YT
VIEW- SHOW/No rop cS'/jS tY
72'csr//l/C ON L.OwER S/1SH
WHFN CLoSED.
MAR CH AP RI L. 1 9 5 8 23
PHOTOGRAPH I-Ha nds o me mahoga ny (Honduran) and b right copp er tubing a re a compatible combination fo r thi s ho rs d'o eu vres server.
Boa t has sleek lines wh ich are a cce nted by slim cop pe r tubes.
Serving Boat for Appetizers
R. J. DE CRISTOFORO
This handsome wood and copper server will hel p get any party
off to a pl easant start .
24 WORKBENCH
THIS ATTRACTIVE hor s d'oeuvres "boat"
(Photograph 1) will he lp the hostess
for whom you make it to sail gaily
through many a party. And its an
ideal gift item if there's a favorite
l ady or family you wish to remem-
ber . It can start out the dinner party
heaped with potato chips and with
other tidbits " s t a bbed" on toot hpicks.
When it has served its purpose her e
with before-dinner-c ocktails . Iil ! it
with celery stalks and carrot sticks
and bring it to the table, or set it
beforehand with flowers as a center-
piece.
Construction is fairly simple. The
boat itself merely requires some
simple carving as shown in the photo-
graphs. Select a piece of wood with
attractive grain pa tte r n (mahogany
or walnut are suitable) . It should be
about Ph " th ick, by 5" wid e, by 16"
lon g. Dra w th e outline on pa per by
PHOTOGRAPH 2-Afte r the outlines have been
drawn on the rough stock, remove the waste
by cutting on the band sa w. A coping saw will
do this, or e ve n a ra sp fil e .
EACH SQUARE EQUALS Y, INCH
j V "
2/1
#40 HOLES FOR
TOOTHPICKS
I"APART.
WOOD IS MAHOGANY
OR WAL NUT. TUBI NG
IS SOFT COPPER.
7
-; - - -; - -- ;- --.- - - .- - 1-----'

_--,----- - - - - --- --+-----=."'-L..-...J--:-----;- --;- - -.- --


'---H----.......... " '" ........ )/
------
using the s quared- off top view in
the dra win g, or, if you pr efer , draw
it directly on the wood. Remove t he
bulk of the material by cutting on
the band saw or by hand with a cop-
ing saw ( Photographs 2 and 3). Carv-
ing (Photograph 4) a nd final fi nish-
ing are done by hand or with t he
help of a small drum sander as
shown in P h o t o g r aph 5. Be sure,
after the roughing out is don e, t hat
you smooth the wood down by work-
ing t hrough progressively fi ne r grits
of sandpaper . When done, the woo d
should be satin smooth a nd com-
pl etely free of scratches.
Next, make t he handles, whic h are
a lso the ho ld ers for the toothpi cks
and drill a l/4" hole down the center,
lengthwis e; then drill t he hol es for
t he t oothpicks. Now cut two pi eces of
1/ 4 " copper tubing, 30" lon g. Bend
each . of them in the middle a ro und
PHOTOGRAPH 3-1 you are working an a band
sa w, tape on t he waste stock cut f rom the
bottom and t hen cut the to p ou tlin e wit h the
band saw tabl e tilt ed about twen ty deg rees.
MAR C H- APR Il, 1 9 S 8 2S
a piece of %" dowel or bar stoc k.
Then thread on the handl es (Photo-
gr a ph 6) . If the handl es do not fit
tightly, just " k i n k" th e tubing
sli ghtl y in that a rea so the handles
must be forced on . Then, about I "
away from the handle ends, bend
each en d of each tube over t he same
dowel, but only 90 degrees. At this
point , check the tube assembl y on
the bo at to get the exact location of
the holes the tubes will pass through.
Drill these %" and pass th e tubes
through them. Then splay the leg s
out and tri m off a ny excess. The
tube ends can be cover ed wit h little
pl ast ic or r ubber ca ps . Thes e can be
made fr om r egular pencil e r ase rs.
If th e tubes do not fit tightly in th e
hol es drill ed for them, just drill a
No. 50 hole through the side of th e
boa t into th e tubes and insert small
headless brads. These should be set
bel ow th e surface of the wood and
puttied over .
That ' s a bout it! Finish wood pa rts
by s and ing ultrasmooth, applying a
good penetrating sealer and t hen
sandi ng aga in . Finish with two or
t hr ee coats of paste wax rubbed t o a
polish. Fi nish metal parts by rubbing
with steel wool and coating with cle ar
lacquer.
26 W 0 RK BEN CH
PHOTOGRAPH 4-Next, clamp the black ta a
firm surface and begin the carving , using a
mallet and chisel. Do not allempt to hammer
the chisel in too deeply; shove out reasonable
amounts of waste. If you have a carving gouge,
this can be used when you approach the
bollom.
PHOTOGRAPH 5-Final finishing of the inside
can be hastened by using a small drum sander
on a portable electric drill. This will not only
smooth the rough carving but will also make
it easier to round off corners. Most of the
exterior forming is accomplished by hand, with
files and sandpaper.
PHOTOGRAPH 6-After the tubes hav e been
bent in a full circle in the middle, press on
the wood handles. Note that toothpick holes
have been drilled. Handles should fit snugly,
even if you have to bend tubes slightly in
that area so they will jam in the holes dr illed
for the tubes.
I...1 _
------,-
FRONT I
VIEW I
I
D!

-0,-,------
C4:
- - - - - 3f'-----1.. -l!t1--

.
TOP vuu:
1
'-
OF DRAWER.
2.f'

1.'-
.3+
L
I
SIDE VIEW
b
__________
TI
II
I-r--------4;'------
WI LL STOLL
Tiny Cobbler's Bench
Sewing Kit
twr r O/i ... PI/i DIVIDERS Fa/? TOP
THIS LITTLE sewing bench in the form
of a miniature cobbler's bench can
be both useful and ornamental.
Carry it out under the shade trees
or to the porch to finish those' little
sewing jobs that just don't seem to
get done. Constructed of scrap ply-
wood, it is made entirely of !f4" stock
except the base, which is !.h" stock.
The spools are held by 1f4" dowels
and %" dowels make the legs.
All curved parts are cut with a
jig saw, band saw or coping saw,
after laying out by means of squares
as shown. The tiny drawer slides on
r unner s on the under side of the base.
Thes e runners are merely two pieces
of 1f4" plywood 3!.h" long. One is %"
wide and the other 112 " wide. They
are nailed or glued together as'
s hown. The tiny drawer has a cor-
responding %" by !f4 " piece glued or
nailed along each side near the top.
A tiny piece is glued to the front of
the drawer for a handle.
When drilling the % " holes in the
bas e for the dowel legs, set them at
about a I5-degree angle. Assemble
all pieces with glue and brads.
Round off and sandpaper all exposed
edges. Stain the piece and then give
it several coats of shellac, the final
coat being rubbed down with No. 00
steel wool after it has set.
I"
T
T
\

r-/f'
t "
21:
1
0
LEGS i'DOWEL
SET AT Z"
AHGLE u l
9-f- - ----- - - - - _ -
r'-'
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
f--' "+0:
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
o
,"
31.
''' 0 h;: rrrn
I
I
I----j-- -f---f-- 3'--1
M ARC HAP Ru. 1958 27
ATABLE that Serves TWO Purposes
By an easy change of the length of its legs you can use this ver-
satile piece of furniture either as a bedroom beauty center or a
coffee-cocktail table.
r-
1'-0"
~
0
0
I
0
-
.... l...,
...-J
-
,
ON
0
I_r-
0
0
-
.... ....
..-J
0
-
t
-
THIS STYLISH t abl e that serves either
as a bedroom beauty cent er or an
a ttrac t ive living r oom coffee or cock-
tail t abl e has th e a ppe a rance of a
piece of cu stom-built furniture.
As a beauty center, the bi-level
t able is a central s pot for keep ing
a ll beautifying supplies and in itself
adds beauty to a be droom . As a
coffee table, it has a roomy to p for
magazines, ash trays and other
knickknacks. Thr ee drawers in one
section pr ovide r oom for sto r ing
perfume bot tl es and cosmetics or
for coa sters, napkins a nd silver ware,
de pendi ng on the use to which you
put the t able.
The f inished t abl e is 6' long and
Ph ' wi de. The t a ble and drawer s ec-
ti ons a re const r uc te d separately and
then bolted tog ether . Legs for a
beauty center should be 2' 1" long and
thos e for a coff ee t abl e I' long. By
intercha nging the legs, whi ch a re
held in pl ac e by scr ews, the t able
ca n be us ed for either purpos e.
Your lumber or hardware dealer
will be a ble t o offer you a choice of
drawe r pulls as well as having on
hand metal or wooden legs in various
heights t o s uit your particular needs .
Construction Hints
ASSEMBLE THE dr awer unit by care-
full y foll owi ng all s pecifications in
t he dr a wer unit details . The Tem-
pered P resdwood top and bottom of
th e dr awer uni t , as well as the
drawer bottoms should be fastened
with 2d finishing nails 4" on cent er.
All dr a wer faces should be glued
with a quali ty woodworking ad-
hesive. Eas e the edges of the drawer
guides with sandpaper or a pl a ne
for easy operation.
Table uni t frami ng should be
bolted t o th e drawer unit as shown
in th e fa stening detail. Apply th e
Tempered Presdwood tabl e top with
a quality woodworking adhesiv e.
Se cure bra ss legs to 1" x 4"'s as
shown, using a leg hei ght that fills
your .needs .
Finish the Tem per ed Presdwood
panel s with a primer coat or seal er
foll owed by one or two coats of paint.
For a high gloss finish use an enamel
undercoat foll owed by a finish coat
of enamel. For an especially smooth
and shiny finish us e successive coats
of la cquer, sanding between each
coat . In all cases follow m anufac-
turer's specifications.
-CD
,
I ,'-0" 1
2'-0"
DRAWER UNIT
4' -0"
PLAN VIEW
6' 0"
COFFEE TABLE HEIGHT
STANDARD VANITY HEIGHT
TABLE UNIT
I:
28 WOR KBENCH
THE TABLE in use a s a be droom beauty center.
MAsONITE 1/4" TENPERED
PRESOWOOD TOP
DRAWER FACES FLUSH
WITH SIDE OF TABLE
UNIT
BOLT UNITS
TOGETHER SEE
FASTENING DETAIL
PERSPECTIVE
4' 0"
::------ .
-
UNIT
SEE DETAIL
BRASS LEGS
FASTENING DETAIL
LEG DETAIL
I"XZ"
3/4" X 6
3 _Zoo NO. 12 FLAT
COUNTERSUNK HEAD
MACHINE SCREWS
MASONITE 1/4"
TEMPERED PRESDWOOD
Bill of Materials
," X 4" NAILED
TOFRAME
NO. OF SIZE
PIECES
1 4' x 6'
1 I" x 8" x 8'
1 l"x6"x4'
1 I" x 4" x 4'
1 I" x 3" x 10'
2 I" x 2" x 10'
Miscellaneous: Drawer Pull s ,
DESCRIPTION
Masonite lf4" Tempere d
Presdwood
Lumber
Lumber
Lumber
Lum ber
Lumber
Adhesive, Brass Legs
MARCH-APRIL, 1 95 B 29
, DRAWER UNIT DETAILS I
r" x 2"..v"
SIDE VIEW FRONT VI EW
L ARGE DRAWER
7 / ' " ~ j
I . ~
o
I
,
1--_--'--' 0. '- " I
,
,
,
o
o
t .;.,/."
fRAMING
Z' -0"
1/ 4" X 1/4"
/
SA. KERFS AS GU' OS
FOR DRA ....E.. BOTTOMS
,I
1'-0"
\:
DRAWER UNIT
FRONT VIEW
DRAWE R
PULLS
CENTER ED
i
,', 0 "
- - ~ - - --- - -- -- -
r-- --- -- --- 'r" - - - I
: 0 :
""'OTE AL L DRAwER FRONT S hI. SONfT[
i/"- 1 [","pE:fOn.. PRf SDftuu D
OVERL AP LARGE OAA.. [1Il FRONT ]/4"
OM 'UGH T $10( SMAL L DRAWEA FM)NT
314- ON u :n $ t Df OVER LAP ALL
ORAWERS 3/ ' " AT CfHHR
TOP VIEW
fOR L ARGE AND SMA L L
DRAWERS
1/ 4" a "PfRED )
PlitESow OOD DRAWER
CeOTT OM
~ OYERL AP n "PER'[ O
'\... PftESOWOOD 1/4- AT
FA ONT
/
, ,
TOP'VIEW
( ""SOMITE
1/ 4" TE MPEltE D
PRESO*OOO BOTTO M)
SIDE VIEW FRONT VIEW
WITH SHORTER lEGS, the table doubles as a convenient, trim lined coffee or cocktail table.
30 WORKBENCH
MAKE FROM "Au plywood and use \4" dowel ing
fo r th e pe gs . The numbe r of guns t hat a re t o
be hung determi nes dimension s and number of
pegs. Se t 3,4" wire brads in such a position as
to suppo rt the muzzles.
A Gun Rack for Junior
.
WEBSTER P. TAYLOR
:c:
IT MAY never have occurred to you
gun loving fathers that t he rack on
the wall of your den holding your
favorite hunting pi eces may be the
envy of your gun toting cowpoke of a
son. But don't ki d yourself, dad, t hat
boy of yours is just as proud of his
98 cent cap pi s t ol as you are of tha t
$125 Win ches t er a nd he pr oba bl y uses
it a lot m or e .
With a gun rack of his own the boy
will not only be pr oud of his own dis-
play of guns but will keep them on
the r ack when not in use a nd wo n't
always be pes t er ing you or his
mother with that cr y of "Where' s m y
six shooter?"
A pistol rack such as the one shown
is almost sure to please a small boy
and is easy t o m a ke. It shouldn' t
take mor e than a half hour or so of
your time-a half hour that will pay
big dividends.
The rack is made of %" plywood,
the dimensions being det er mined by
the number of guns Juni or has to dis-
pl ay. The pegs for holding the guns
are %" doweling cut 2" in l ength and
set in the pl ywood t o a depth of %" .
After the pegs have been set, the
guns should be positioned on the
board while lying flat and %" wire
brads driven into the board in such
a position as t o support the m uzzles
of the guns at the a ngle desired. A
light coat of mahogany or walnut
stain gives a good finish and a couple
of screw eyes in the to p of t he board
pr ovide t he means of hanging the
boa r d on the wall with ordinary pic-
t ure hangers.
THE NUMBER of toy pi stol s to be hung on it
de te rmines the dime nsion s of this gu n rock de.
sig ne d fo r a you ng ste r.
I Gentlemen: CWBI
I Please send me: I
......... ... BEGINNERS' SET(S) @ $2 .69 I
I FREE LITERATURE tell ing me all a bout I
I TRICHEM liquid Embroidery a nd det ails I
; Name o.n.. .. .. .. i-
I Address I

BALL POINT TUBES OF COLOR THAT
WRITE, PAINT, DECORATE WITHOUT A BRUSHI
and on any surface tool
Decorate linens, feminine apparel, mens
wear, boxes, trays, plates, greeting cards,
etc. Mark childrens clothes, books, Dad's
tools, food freezer packages, preserves,
hundreds of other uses.
TRI-CHEM, INC., West Orange, N. J.
The Original Ball Point Decorating Tubes
2 5 B R 1 L L I A N. TeO LOR S
Turn your spare time into
Delightful Fun and Profit time - -
a TRI CHEM
your friends and neighbors how simple it is
smooth-flowing, easy to apply
MARCHAPRIL, 1 95 8 31
The suc cess of your prescn and futu re high fidelity musical repro-
duction unit w iil cie pand graaily on the care and foresDg:,t with
which you plan your speaker syst em.
A Guide to Selecting
Hi-Fi Loudspeakers
LAWRENCE J. EPSTEIN
WHILE A complete hi gh fidelity uni t
consists of a recor d turnt a ble, radio
tuner a nd amplifier as well as a
loudspeaker and enclosure, it is only
with these two latter components
th at the do-it-himselfer can make his
own contr ibution to the end result of
his music system-the reproduction
of r ecorded music.
All th e ot her components, whether
placed on a shelf, put in a cage, or
ins t a lled in elaborate cabinetry, will
deliver the identical signal to the
s peake r. But what the speaker does
wit h that signal depends almost com-
pl etely upon its relationship to its
enclosur e- which may be purchased
completely fini shed, assembled from
a kit, or bui lt from scratch.
The loudspeaker a nd its enclosure
must be pl anned toge ther as a
speaker system , a system w h i c h
when planned correc tly can start
with one speaker a nd l a t e r be easily
expanded to a more elaborate mul-
ti ple speaker system.
But only when the pros pective au-
diophile is aware of the wide var iety
of s peakers a nd a ll the ways they
can affec t the fi nal r esults of his
high fid elity unit c an he intell igently
begin to make hi s first select ions
from a ll the components on the mar-
ket t od ay .
A COMPONENT famil ia r to even the
n o n t e c h ni c al l a ym an , the loud-
32 WORKBENCH
speaker is the device which inter-
prets the electrical impulses re-
ceived from the elect r onic po rtions
of a home music system, converting
that energy into corresponding me-
chanical vi b r a t i o n which in turn
creates intelli gibl e sound. The fidel-
ity with which the resulting sound
compares to the original of t he source
is determined in great part by the
quality of the mat er ia ls used, the
care taken in manufacture and, of
course, the de sign of the loudspeaker.
As th e la st link in the chain, a music
reproducing system is no better than
t he speaker it em ploys .
More than anythi ng else, the un-
yielding laws of physics un derscore
t he design of th e r el atively simple-
lookin g loudspeaker. In operation, it
is highly complex, but by applying
the science of acoustics as developed
to da t e, high fideli ty eq uipment can
today give th e r eal thing a good run
for t he money.
Spea ker s used in convent ional r a-
dio consoles are of th e mass pr oduced
var ie ty. Since cost objectives deter-
mine des ign and fa brication tech-
nique, r efin ements whi ch will m ake
a world of diff erence in perform ance
usually are not incorporate d . Hi-fi
speakers trul y wort hy of that d esi g-
nation are li t er a ll y handma de. cus-
tom-buil t a ff ai rs, ge ne r o u s l y en-
dowed wi t h m or e costl y amounts of
cr it ic al materials.
Never t hel ess , even am0 n g s t the
pr od uc ers of fi ne speakers, there are
diff e r ences of op inion and te chniou e.
Yo u will more easily note differ-
ences between various brands and
types of speakers than will be de-
tected among brands of qua lity am-
plifiers , tuners, etc. Si nce there are
also w ide v ari ations in hea ring
ability between in d i v i d u a I s, one ' s
own j udgment is a fa irl y r eli able
criterion in selecting a loudspeaker.
Bea r in m ind, however, that hi-fi
might at fi rst exposure sound un-
familiar , since many of th e lower
fundamentals a n d o v e r t o nes a r e
rarely heard on conventional se ts .
Lis t en for a while be fore choosing.
Once you've accustomed yourself to
t he new vistas of music listening, a
comparison with the old set at home
will r e a d il y r eveal the pl easures
which have be en missed in the past.
As a rul e, the trul y reputable and
s uccessful br ands , probably names
you've never known before, will ap-
peal to th e majority of people. Hence
their popularity. Prices do not a lways
indi cate the measure of quality , nor
for that m atter does appea r a nce ;
but yo u will fi nd ther e do exist
mean values for each category of
s peaker type.
THE FOLLOWING will help yo u t o recog-
ni ze th e general types available and
th e termi no logy us ed in literat ure
and a dver t is ing.
PHOTOGRAPH I-A loudspeoker specially built
for specificolly th e be st po ssib le reproduction of
the low freq ue ncy tones , it is often referred to
as a woofer .
PHOTOGRAPH 2-Unlike in appeorances to most
speakers, th is combination of horn ond en ergiz-
ing " dr ive r unit" is pa rticula rly designed to
reproduce be st t he mid dl e register of music and
a t th e sam e time sprea d out the sound which
at those fr equ encies beg ins to be com -e di rective.
PHOTOGRAPH J - Similar to the midrange
speaker in Photograph 2, thi s somewhat smaller
speaker renders superior performance at the
very high notes and also spreads in a wide
listening are this extremely directional range.
It is called a tweeter.
PHOTOGRAPH 4-An " exte nde d range" speaker
which reproduces a very wide range of musical
tones. The larger cone portion of the speaker
concentrates on the low frequencies, thus serving
e sse nti a lly as a "woofer", whil e the "diff usi-
cone" e le me nt at the ape x of the cone emits
th e midrange and high fr equenci es.
PHOTOGRAPH 5-A spe a ke r which combines
the speaker of Photog ra ph 4 and the tweete r of
Photograph J , and thus func tio ns as oJ-way
speaker with integrally built components. It is
ref erred to as oJ-way Diffaxial. The individual
components of (I), (2) and (J) can also be in-
stalled as a J-way speaker syste m into a suitable
cabinet.
PHOTOGRAPH 6-A compone nt know n as t he
" cr ossove r network", it se parates the musica l
spectrum into th e th ree ra ng es which are then
fed to the woofer, mid ra nge , and tweet e r
speakers so that ea ch reproduce s on ly t hose
ton es fo r which th ey were de sign ed . This par-
ticular type of network ha s " prese nce" and
" b rillia nce" controls for ad just ment of the sou nd
to suit room acoustics a nd per sonal ta ste . The
speaker in Photograph 5 ha s a bu ilt-in network.
PHOTOGRAPH 7-The performance of the woofer
is much de pe nde nt upon t he e ncl os ure (ba ff le)
in which it is pla ce d . Conventional radio cabi-
net s are rarely of ade qu ate size , design and
q ual ity. The e nclosure shown is ty pical of cttroc-
t ive typ es av ai la bl e fo r housing e ithe r th e ex-
tended range a nd int eg ra lly-built J- wa y spe ak.
e rs, or the indivi dual co mpo nents of a 2-way
or J -way syste m. It wil l al so all ow for prog reso
sive ex pa nsi on of a spe a ke r system from l -wa y
to J.way a s the budget pe rmits.
MAR C H APR IL, 1 958 33
WHILE IN t he fin al analysis it is the
a c t ual performance of a pi ece of
equip ment , as aurally a ppraised, that
may best serve to guide the hi-f i
novice in making selections, deter-
m ining the wisest purcha se requir es
a bit more thought. A book co uld be
written on that one s ubject a lone,
but it will boil down to this:
There a r e no com m only a c cepted
standards of measurement or of de-
termining sp ecificati on ratings of
speakers ; thus, a direct comparison
of brands based on manufacturers'
claims can be misleading to other
t ha n the well -inform ed. For example ,
" fr equency r esponse" ratings are in-
tended to convey the extent to which
a s peaker is ca pable of reproducing
the m us ical s pect r um . However, the
level of the s ound output of the
s peaker throughout the gi ven range
is an equally im por tant m easure of
just how much of response is us a bl e ;
such comparat ive data is not gen-
erally a vailable between br ands.
Much will be read a bo ut m a gnet
weights a nd t ypes. Within li mits , it
is not so much a matter of how m uch
Alnico 5 materia l (grade of m a gnet )
is used as it is how well it is used in
the speaker's over-a ll des ign. The
more efficient a speaker, the better
can its perfor mance be made, and
Alnico weight does co ntrib ute to the
end result. But , if the design of the
other el ements of a speaker (cone,
diaphragm, voice coil assembly, sus-
pension, etc.) are poor , m uch of the
magnet is wasted. The more effi-
cient the speaker, t he less amplifier
power required . Thi s a lso often re-
s ults in less dis tortion out put . Thus
a comparison of magnet weights is
gen er ally a n accept a ble gu ide m ore
between models of a brand rat her
than b etwe en brands. Al so, the
wei ght gi ven for the total of m ag-
netic assembly (t his includes the soft
iron super structures , etc.) should not
be confus ed with the weight of Alnico
5 m a gn et material alone (t his is the
important ener gizin g part ) . Then too,
there a r e different magnet designs,
depending upon the intent.tons of the
manufact ur e r . A large-looking mag-
net a s sembly is not n ecessa r ily a
more eff icient s peaker than those of
shallow des ign. As a rule of thumb,
a hi -fi speaker (e xt ended range type )
should employ no less than one
pound of actual Alnico 5 magnet m a-
t erial.
Power capacity rati ngs are impor-
tant. Generally, the hi gher the better .
Spea ker power rati ngs a re not in-
t ended to indicate t he a m ount of am-
pl i fi e r power needed. They m er elv
indicate the total power a s peaker
will safely acc ept without inj ury t o
its s truct ures. The dynamic ran ge of
unrestricted hi-fi program materi al
will produce occa s iona l power pe aks
several times the power rating of
th e amplifier. The speaker should be
capable of taking thes e sudd en
surges, or el se distortion and possibly
damage to the speaker will r es ult .
The terms "dispersion" or "sound
34 WORKBENCH
distribution" convey the angle within
which the s pea k er output produces
usable sound for the response range
given. Here too, the lack of s t a ndar ds
makes written specif ication diffi cult
to compare. Listen a t ext reme a ngles
off the axis of spe a kers, when shop-
ping, to determine how much of the
high notes have been lost. Then walk
across the path of the operating
speaker (from a distance of sever al
feet) and note the degr ee of cha nge
in loudness. Ther e will be some, but
the less, the better.
Specificati ons c o v e r i n g " im ped-
ance" present no pr oblem. Let it suf-
fice to say that with modern day am-
plifiers which are capabl e of match-
ing to virtually a ny good s pea ke r
you may buy, all t hat is necessary
is to make the proper connect ions
during installation. As for reson ance,
there is cons ide r a ble misunderstand-
ing, even among the "experts," but
by using the enclosures or data r ec-
om mended by the manufa cturer of
the spe aker , the enti r e r ather in-
vol ved matter is circumvented .
As a r ule, in co ne type speaker s ,
t he larger t he di a m et er of the co ne
( ' ' diaphrugrn"), the more bass fun-
dament al will be hea r d, if all ot her
factors remain comparable. However ,
the differences between brands is
likely to upset thi s r ule. Some 8"
s peakers in proper ly designed and
well co nstructed en c l o s u r e s are
l ikel y to s ound as well as 12" or
15" speakers ho us ed in price-compro-
m is ed boxes. The enclosure for a
co ne speaker is as im port ant t o t he
fin al per for mance of a system as is
t he s peaker it con t ains . Short cuts
in t ha t dep artment s how up easil y.
Ba ss is not as loud nor as deep as
the speaker is c apa bl e of r eproduc-
ing ; ther e are spurious fo reign buzzes
and rattling noi s es produced by the
cabinet setting up it s own vibrations;
and the s peake r sounds either too
boomy or a s t hough it were in a
barrel. or as though some of the mu-
sical sp ectrum is missing in differ-
ent portions .
Making a wise purchase on the
basis of brand co m parison s is one
thing ; planning to purchase wis ely
is still another. Once exposed t o hi -fi ,
it is difficult for t he musi c lover t o
r esist acquiring a n ensemble. That
purchas e is genera lly based on a
s om ewhat fix ed doll a r budget avail-
able a t the time of purchase. So, the
more money available. the better
t he system . or oerhaps the more
ext ens ive the facilities.
However , s ince as in mos t ot her
t hings. t he better th e eouipment, the
greater the pl ea sur e der ived , any
li mita ti ons which may have been irn-
pos ed by a limi t ed budget dur ing the
initial purcha s e a re likel y to dis-
co ura ge futur e des ir abl e improve-
ment a s funds becom e a vailable . Un-
for t unately , the electronic equiom ent
such as a m pl ifie rs and t uners do not
lend themsel ves to much chancre in
performanee other than in additions
of auxiliary devices which may not
have been originally incorporated.
Almost nothing can be done to im-
prove the mechani cal devices such
as recor d t ur ntable, changer s a nd
tape r ecor ders s hort of vir t ual sub-
stitution.
But fortunatel y , the loudspeaker,
where r elatively small changes pro-
duce immediately apparent aural im-
provement lends itself well to pro-
gressive alteration. This is true if
some of the planning for the f uture
is accomplished at the ti me of t he
initial purchase. It is poss ibl e , to-
day, t o expand speaker systems
. progressively from a simple singl e ex-
tended range speaker to fi nally a
full -blown 3 or 4-way s ystem wit hout
obsoleseence of any of the speaker
components purchased in each s tage.
There are a v a il a ble cone speakers
in various sizes which will serve
initially as wide range reproducers ,
and then as the sys tem expa nds may
be used for woofer or midrange
work. There a r e crossover networks
whic h are a dj ustable for matching
the ori ginal a nd s ubsequent s peaker
co m plement a s the system is a ltered.
And so on. E ven the latest enclosure
a nd baffl e " kits" have a ddit ional
cut-outs to accom modate expandi ng
systems.
By using t his a pproach in planning
a hi -fi system pur cha s e, even rather
limited initial budget can be devoted
to t he purchase of better t han aver-
age electronic a nd pr ogr a m source
equipment which will still be the
equal of the f inal s peaker system.
Qu ali fied dis tri butor s of hi -fi equip-
ment are well acquainted wi t h t his
newly devel op ed a ppro ach and a re
happy t o guid e t he novi ce a ccord-
in gl y .
DO YOU h ave a s peaker you'd like to
improv e ? P erhaps a speaker system
that needs that little s omet hing to
make it just right ? Maybe you're
thinking of getting rid of what you
have and want to s tar t from scratch
. . . the right way this ti m e. Or, you
could be one of the great m any
whos e t aste is greater t han th e cur-
r ent budget will accommod ate . If so,
you're wondering if there m ight be
some way of starting a speaker sys-
t em m od estly but. wit h an ultimate
performance goal in mind, building
it up in rea sona b l y inexpens ive
stages without waste a nd obsoles-
cence .
Until r ecently, it had been neces-
s ary to compro m ise t he associated
elect ronic pr ogra m so urce eq ui pment
(either by elimi nating features and
services, o r b y a c c e p t i n g lower
priced infer ior merchandise) in order
to reserve enough funds t o purcha s e
a decent speaker. P aradoxic all y, the
tendency was to com p ro m is e at the
electronic end.
This is no longer nece ssary. Ther e
have recentl y been devel oped design
techni ques ena bl in g the consumer to
s pend the bulk of the initial budget
on good program equipment-not
m erely merchandise labeled " hi fi , "
but equipment which performs hi fi;
FIGURE A
The author of the for egoing article is
director of sales and merchandising for
University Loudspeakers, Inc., Whit e
Plains, New York.
MARCH-APRIL, 1958 35
en t c r ossover to obtain the tonal qual-
i ty best suited t o the related com-
po nents a nd your per sona l taste. Fig-
u r e D ill us tr a t es a system in which
the woofer and tweeter are the
original elements (complete with net-
work) and additional midrange is
introduced in order to give the sys-
t em more "presence." By adding the
l a r ger tweeter with lower horn cut-
off frequency, it is operated as a
midrange speaker. Together with its
adjustable associated network it may
be set for a most pleasing over-all
tonal balance.
However, if you are starting from
"scratch" and cost is a factor , you
have two alternatives. If you want
to begin with the minimum, get a
good but reasonably priced wide-
range speaker. Spend the rest of your
money on the best electronic and
program source equipment you ca n
afford. La t er , add a tweeter with an
adjustable crossover network, and
still later a midrange speaker with
a suitable adjustable network.
There are networks available that
are not only adjustable in crossover
frequency and impedance match, but
may also be used as 2-way networks,
and as 3-way networks when in com-
bination. If you are able to start with
a good but reasonably priced 2-way
system and have intentions of mak-
ing furt her improvements in time,
you might begin with an adjustable
response 12" woofer, adjustable net-
work and tweeter. Later you can add
the midrange (or vice versa) to-
gether with its adjustable network.
An adjustable response woofer in
this case is ideal for such procedure
since it adapts itself so well to
changes in application and circuit
modification. Figure D shows such a
system.
Finally, no one likes the idea of
throwing away a usable article. So,
whatever speakers you finally decide
upon, select components that offer
the greatest versatility of applica-
tion and flexibility of operation. In
this way, as personal listening t astes
develop and possibly change, or r oom
acoustics are altered in the home,
you will at least be r easonably as-
sured that the system can be re-
adjusted or further improved t o meet
the new operating conditi ons.
In keeping with the philosophy of
designing speakers permitting pro-
gressive expansion, encl osures are
available, designed and built to ac-
commodate as m any variati ons of
speaker combinations a s are prac-
tically possible. This helps matters
considerably in vi ew of the high cost
of fine wood. So, Mr. and Mrs. Audio-
phile, be sure to ask th e ri ght ques-
tions when you go shopping for that
well-deserved hi-fi s y s t e m . Make
each penny count and waste none of
them . . . it's not as diffi cult as
some would have you beli eve.
,,, A f W ~ L I " 1 1 I
"/VMS
FIGURE 0
woofer, perhaps one with adjustable
impedance voice coil to match the
8-, or 16-ohm speakers with which it
is used and which will also enable
you to divide the power from the
amplifier among the various speak-
ers. Figure C shows such an ar-
rangement, complete with a network
which is also adjustabl e for differ-
FIGURE C
th ose of the cone speaker f or most
pl eas ing over-all tonal quality. Late r
on, more " presence" can be added
to t he system by addition of a "mid-
range" horn/driver unit combination
s peaker, as s hown in Figure B. The
in cr ea se in efficiency of the middle
register tones brought about in this
manner will serve to make the sound
reproduced in the room seem as
though it or i gin a tes in the room
rather than from a loudspeaker be-
hind a grille cloth in a cabinet.
Now let us say you have a 2-way
system or perhaps a 2-way "coaxial" _
wi th built-in tweeter. If it's bass
you're lacking you could either add
a woofer (the adjustable response
type) or you can employ the present
woofer (especially if it's a 12" job)
as a midrange unit by boxing it in
to help red u c e low-end response.
Then add a good 15" theater type
TO AMPLIFIER
8 OH MS
sponse) would improve performance.
Figure A shows how a tweeter can
be ad ded . The adjustable high pass
filter in this case complete with
built-in "brilliance" balance control,
can be s et to start the tweeter at
various frequencies from 1,250 to
5,000 cycles. This enables you to
match the tweeter characteristics to
FIGURE B
..
LET US assume you own a speaker-
a fairly decent " ext ended" or "wide-
range" type-and you've developed
your hi-fi listening taste to the point
where you feel more output at the
high end (in level or frequency re-
so that whatever the brand of speaker
selected, the program source will at
least be capable of the reproducer's
full capabilities.
There are now available such items
as dual im ped a nce range woofers,
adjustable response woofers, versa-
tile tweeters and midrange speakers,
and networks that are adjustable to
match varying impedance, crossover
and rate of attenuation requirements.
The pro s p e c ti v e purchaser can
choose to his heart's content from a
great selection of possible speaker
combinations whic h meet his budget,
space and listening requirements.
Add this Back Door
Porch Shelf
PUT AI\' end to groping for your house
key while your arms a re laden with
sacks of groceries. This handy back
door utility shelf wi ll provide a place
to put them while you unl ock the
door. Dozens of ot her us es will be
found a r ound th e home for t his ver-
sati le a nd easily cons t r uced shelf.
MATERIALS LIST
4-- - - - 13' -----
A 2- DIAGONAL BRACES
1 pc. 1116" x I" x I" aluminum angle,
6 feet long
1 pc . Vs" x %" aluminum bar, 6 feet
long
1 pkg. VB" dia. x o/s " aluminum rivets
4 No. 10 screws or 3/ 16" toggle bolt s
CONSTRUCTION AND
INSTALLATION
1. Cut 2 pieces of 1" x 1" a luminum
a ngle 13" long. Measure back 2"
on one end a nd cut one flange of
angle a t 45 degrees . Sa w out re-
mainder of the fla nge and bend
the opposite flange downwa r d at
45 degrees (Figure A). Cut other
end of angl e at 45 degrees. Drill
%" hole in notched and bent end
and Vs" hole in other end as shown.
2. Cut s helf bars a s shown in Figure
B, from the Vs " x %" aluminum
bar. Center punch hol e locations
a nd drill Vs " holes.
- - - - - - ~ ~ - - - - - - 14"
18"
4-SHELF BAR S
B
- - - - - - 1 7 ~ - - - - - - - - - ~
C 1- TOP FRAME OF SHELF
36 WORKB ENCH
FORM RI VE TS
G
The shelf may also be m ounted so
that it can be swung up out of the
way when not in use. Sim pl y rivet or
bolt a piece of Vs " x %" a lumin um
bar across the bottom (Fi gure M) ,
form the two " J" shaped supports,
mount hinges as s hown, provide a
s c reen ho ok and presto ! You have a
folding shelf.
," X( ALUM .
ANGLE
fxr ALUMINUM BAR
i'"x," ALUMINUM ANGLE
CENTER PUNCH HOLES
FOR DRIL LING
SHELF ASSEMBLY H
a I "

" AK' SHARP BENDS

IN A Vi SE
I I
HOUSE --.J...... I I
STUD I I I ________

1 .1" --==--
LONG . ... I 16 BOLT Q'J'J-
SCREi IN .
C . I -- W'
.
J I I K '
ATTACHING SHELVES
3. Cut 46" l engt h of 1" x 1" a ngle .
Not ch out en ds a nd bend r emam-
ing flanges 90 degr ees (F igure C) .
4. Cut "vees" (Figure D).
5. Bend to form to p frame of shelf
(Figure E). Center punch hol e l o-
cations and drill S" ho les.
6. Attach s helf bars to the underside
of t he top flange (Figure G) using
Vs " x 3fs " alumi num r ivets or %"
No. 10 bolts.
7. Com pl ete ass e m b l y as shown in
F igure H. Shelf may be
by a ny of t he m e ans s hown m
Figures J , K, L or M.
SCREEN
HOOK
-----/ I
SMAL L BUTT I I I
OR STRAP I I
HINGES I I I
MAR C H-APRIL, 195 8 37
Inlays Beautify Wood Turnings
JAMES E. SEITZ
Inlays available in strip form make it easy for the
wood turner to decorate such objects as lamp
bases and bowls.
PHOTOGRAPH l-Marking lines for the gr oove with a shorply-pointed
pencil. The pencil is held against the wood while it is revolving . Only
the outs ide has been shaped.
PHOTOGRAPH 2-Groo ving be tween the line s with the parting tool . A
narrow, squore-no sed chisel could be used also. This op er a tion requires
a high deg ree of accu ra cy.
38 ({ WORKBENCH
EVERY CRAFTSMAN on occasion needs to give his work
some form of decoration. The wood turner is no excep-
tion but unlike others who often need extra tools and
unusual abilities to decorate their work, he has for his
use the process of inlaying, which requires only the
ordinary equipment and skill in wood turning.
To complete his work the wood turner is not placed
in the position of the cabinetmaker, for example, who
must make use of the wood carver's special tools and
skills to add decoration, nor is he like the finisher who
needs the knack of an artist to paint an appropriate de-
sign on his job. Yet the wood turner has the satisfac-
tion of knowing that by inlaying, his decoration can be
made permanent-not wearing away with time but
lasti ng as long as the project it beautifies.
I nlaying is a rather easy a nd inexpensive means of
making attractive projects of otherwise plain woodwork.
An inlay may cost only a few cents but when properly
applied the beauty it affords should increase the value
of the complete work well beyond the cost of adding the
decoration. The author has more than doubled the
sales value of wood turnings this way. To do similarly
you may think that the touch of a master craftsman
is needed . Such skill is not necessarily required, how-
ever, for even the beginning " la t he hand" should ex-
per ience little difficulty when following the necessary
pr ocedur es.
For doing this work, inlays may be had in strip form.
These are flat woods all made standard in size to 1/20"
thickness and 3-foot length but ranging in width from
about Va " to 1". Different woods are built-up and glued
in ' these sizes to form multicolored bands of various
geometric designs, from simple lines in some of the
narrow ones to more complex interlaced patterns in
the greater widths. All such inlays are for use on wood
turnings where the surface is generally cylindrical in
shape in a manner to be described in detail later. Lamp
bases, boxes, and bowls are examples of obj ects to
which they are applied.
INLAYS AS described here are available commercially.
The several companies handling them publish price
catalogues showing the strips in color with th e cost of
each one as listed, apparently depending on its size and
the intricacy of its pattern. However, cost is not the
only consideration when buying them. How well the
inlay is suited for the work needing decoration must
be considered also.
Because the beauty of inlaid work depends on the
fitn ess of the inlay for th e project, inl ay strips must
be selected with care. Generally speaking, those of
subdued colors are for use on narrow surfaces, while
the large areas are reserved for the vivid colors. Since
inlays tend to draw attention from the complete design,
select one that affords a pleasing effect with the project
on which it is to be used. While it is important that an
inlay never be used to create gaudi ness, it should not ,
on the other hand, lack some contrast with t he wood of
the project. It is necessary for good design, therefore,
that a dark wood such as walnut be given a light col-
ored inlay. The li ght er woods r equi r e da r ker strips.
STRIP CORRECTLY
PLACED IN THE '
OPTICAL CE.NTER
ti--,)
- ~ .._-
- - ..: :.: . -_-::._--
.- I
INLAY STRIP ON A BOWL
OF BALANCE.
LOCATION OF AN
TO SATISFY THE PRINCIPLE.
FIGURE A
STRIP TOO LOW
AND TOO NEAR
TRUE CENTER
W e e " ~ )
- ~ -._ -
_ _ .. . 0 __ -
- -.. .._-
_. : -- -- - I
PHOTOGRAPH 4- This beautiful inla id bo wl serves well for holding fruits
or nu ts. Wh en not being used for this purpose it makes an a tt rac tive
centerpiece.
PHOTOGRAPH 3-Ben ding the inla y in place a fter gl ue was applied to
t he groove . A ba nd of inner tube is used 10 hol d t he strip in place until
th e glu e se ts.
Keeping these rules in mind will help assure best re-
sults when decorating wood turnings.
In addition to cost and suitability, there are two ot her
considerations when purchasing the strips. For one
thing, it is not advisable to keep in lays for great lengths
because they may become diff icult to use due to damp-
ening and drying out thr ough an extended period of
storage. This could be the r esult of buyi ng too many
at one time. On the other hand there is a saving of
cost and time by buying in groups of six or so com-
pared to buying that many one-at-a-time. What to buy
then is a matter requiring knowledge of the different
projects to be inlaid. It becomes necessary to plan"
ahead in this respect.
WHEN INLAYING the strips the procedure is very much
the same regardless of the wood turning. It can be said
with certainty that the rules of desi gn and processes
involved in adding the decoration to one tu rned pr oj ect
apply to others made similarly. To illustrate, steps in
in laying a bowl are given.
Begin the bowl by turning only the outside to shape
before doing the inlaying. This is important. First of
all, a bowl is no longer perfectly round when shaped
inside and outside. This warping, however slight, is
due to stresses within the wood as the fibers are cut
while making the side thin. The result is th a t a groove
for the inlay cannot be made to uniform depth. By
leaving the inside unshaped the grooving can be done
properly. Any warping that results while the bowl is
completed will do no harm if the inlaying has been
done before.
After the outside has been shaped, begin the in lay-
ing by first marking two lines on the wood (Photograph
1). Dr a w the lines on the peri phery of t he wood at a
position above true center. The correct position is at
the visual or optical center which satisfies th e a rtist's
rule of balance (Figure A) . At this place t he wood must
be flat , or nearly so , because inlay strips cannot be
set in surfaces which taper greatly. When drawing the
lines, space them a distance apart that is equal t o
the width of the strip selected. These lines serve as a
guide while turning the groove (Photograph 2) .
With a wood-turning chisel make t he groove in de pth
equal to or slightly less than the thickness of the in lay
and in width no greater than necessary to receive the
s trip. Dur ing this operation use the inl a y strip t o check
the accuracy. If the groove is made too large, t urn the
surface smooth and attempt the operation once again.
A correctly made groove will a llow the inlay t o be
level or else extended a bit above the surface when
put in place. This way a little sanding is r equired later.
Do the r est of the in laying with the kind of care
needed when making the groove fi t for t he inlay. Pre-
pare the inlay strip for curving by da m penin g it with
water. Then s et the strip in the groove and cut it to
length. Make certain that the ends meet squarely . Next ,
remove the strip while applying wood glue. By putting
an ample amount in the groove none need be brushed
on the strip. Now set the strip in place again (Photo-
graph 3) . As the glue is hardening, clamp the strip in
place with a band of rubber inner t ube.
It is necessary to emphasize here that for the bend-
ing operation the inlay should be made on ly slightly
damp because glue will lose strength on a surface made
too wet. Due to the uncertainty of the amount to apply,
the wood turner may choose a second way of setting
the strip. This way the strip is left unmoistened and
glue is a ppl ied to its underside before bending. The
inlaying is continued as before but more care is needed
whil e handling the strip t reated in this manner. Equally
s ucc es sful results can be obtai ned with the two methods.
To finish the process. allow the glue to ha r den . Then
complete the bowl by turning the inside to shane and
sanding the exposed surfaces. Now the inlaid bowl
(Photograph 4) may be given a coating like any ot her
wood t urning but if it is to be used for something more
than decoration, a nontoxic substance should be a p-
plied. Ol ive oi l, mineral oil, and spar varnish are ex-
amples of such.
MAR C H APR u , 195 B 39
Reproduce this Early American piece which
is as practical as it is attract ive.
ASea Captain's Desk
that FITS on LAND
DESK top lifts to provide stora ge fo r pe ns and
stati on ery; shelves are ha ndy for reference boo ks.
MATERIALS LIST
ROBERTA L. FAIRALL The des k cuts from pine s urfaced stock, 17 li nea l feet of 1x12-inch
material for members A, B, K, L, N, Q; 15 feet of 1x10-inch material
for members F, G, S, H, M ; and 27 feet of 1x3-inch material for mem-
bers C, D, E, F, J , 0, P, R, and T as follows:
1.1.1.
I ~
~
I ~
I ~
:3L EAT S
"
- --
iiii-ii
-
- I!!lI-
~
-
I" So..UARES I ~
II
~ IrJ 0::
S I DES A
e
z
:i
~
-c
~
a:
!1:1!! !!II
"
1.1
IIl'1.i
~
I ~
lJ... 1!
l/)
w
I ~ rJ
:;
- -- - - - -
- - - -
rJ
wI
I
~
l/)
~
PATTERNS for side s, ra iling, cle ats and she lves.
40 W 0 RK BEN CH
Item No. Rqd.
A 2
B 2
C 4
D 2
E 1
F 2
G 2
H 1
I 3
J 2
K 2
L 2
M 1
N 1
1
P 1
Q 1
R 1
S 2
T 2
Miscellaneous :
Description Size
Sides (scroll-sawed section) %" x 11V2" x 24%"
Sides (back section) %" x 11Vz" x 24%"
Side Cleats (top and bottom) %" x 2%" x 22%"
Side Shelf Cleats %" x 2%" x 9
1
12"
Apron %" x 2%" x 21Vz"
Shelves %" x 9V2" x 23"
Back (outside boards) %" x 9V2" x 24%"
Ba ck (middle board) %" x 4" x 24%"
Ba ck Cleats %" x 2%" X 2P/2"
Baseboard %" x 2%" x 23"
Bottom of desk compartment %" x 1P/2" x 26"
Compartment Sides %" x 5" x 22%"
Compartment Front %" x 3!}1r," x 23"
Compartment Back %" x 5" x 23"
Partition (long) %" x 2%" x 20%"
Partition (short ) %" x 2%" x 6"
Top (back strip) %" x 5" x 26"
Railing %" x 2%" x 26"
Desk Top %" x 9Vz" x 26"
Cleats for desk top %" x 2%" x 14"
2 forged iron hinges with a Ph" joint.
2 doz. Vz" , 3-prong furniture glides.
2" and 1%" No.8 flathead wood screws.
Finishing nails.
White liquid resin glue.
Wood fill er.
Exterior spar varnish.
EXPLODED DRAWING reveals assembly details. All jain ts are set in gl ue.
THE CAPTAIN'S desk comes ashore to
pr ovide a pl e a s a nt place to write or
study. In t e r es t ing design makes it an
a ppe alin g companion for Early
Amer ica n furnishings and small s ize
promises a welcom e in the little a p-
partrnent , co t t a ge or student 's room.
You can build on e in a short time
with only hand tools and well sea-
s on ed Dougl as fir l-Inch surfaced
s olid stock. Make full -size paper pat-
t erns e n I a r g e d from the squared
drawing for con t 0 u r piece s, then
trace around them on the lumber.
Layout the r emaining members.
saw out and smooth up all parts
with sandpaper: label pieces. and
mark position of joints. Bor e shank
and countersink holes for screws.
Follow assembly det ail s in t he ex-
pl od ed drawing. F or easy and st ro ng
jointing, firs t s tar t in a couple of
short fini shin g nails, next coat both
surfa ces wit h gl ue a nd drive in the
fini shing nail s t o hold glue under
pressur e whil e you drill short pilot
ho les t hrough previously bored shank
hol es a nd turn in the s cr ews. This
m ethod all ows work to progress rap-
idly since no cl amping or waiting
for glue to dry is involved. A screw-
driver bit to fit a brace is helpful
in driving the many screws neces-
sary.
THESE ARE t he const ruction steps:
1. Edge- glue sides A-B and jo in to-
gether with cleats C.
2. J oin s helf cleats D to si des and
nail a pro n E be t ween cleats C.
3. Join s hel ves F to cleats.
4. Edge-gl ue ba ck boards G-H and
j oin them t oge t her with cleats 1. Be
sure the cleat I' is positioned accu-
rately so it will fit under shelf F ' .
5. Set ba ck sec tion in place and
drive scr ews thr ou gh s i de s and
through the ba ck into shel ves .
6. J oin baseboar ds J .
7. As s em bl e s ides of compartment
L , ba ck and front M- N; th en join
bottom boar ds K, a nd set in pa rti-
tions O-P.
8. J oin back s t r ip of top Q to rail-
in g R with screws turned in under-
neath Q. Attach t o si des and back
flush a t back .
9. P osition com pa r t m ent over desk
si des flush at the ba ck a nd join wit h
screws t urned thr ou gh K into clea ts
C and 1.
10. Cl e at desk top and hinge in
place.
11. Round off all sharp edges and
points wit h sand pa per . Tack chair
glides over exposed screwheads on
the outside of the desk to give a
decorative doweled-j oint appearance.
Cover those on shelves and inside
clea ts with wood fille r.
F inish with either a very light
brown s tain which has been wiped
off a fter a pplication or in the natural
col or of the wood . Enamel the chair
gli des li ght brown. Ena m el m a y be
mixed by a dding a littl e tube oil
co lor to s par varnish. St a in may be
m ixed by adding t he same t ube oil
co lor or enamel to a lot of turpentine .
:}4
SOLID
STOCK
F in ally , give t he pi ec e t wo a ll-over
coats of exter ior s par va rnish and
dull the s hine t o a so. t gloss by
r ubbi ng No. 4/0 steel wool with t he
gr a in . Br ing up a soft luster wit h
pa ste wax.
MARCH -APRIL, 1958 41
Wrenches Work Better
MORTON J. SCHULTZ
Look after your wrenches and
they'll do you a good turn when
you need it.
SOME TOOLS are more del icate in ap-
pearance a nd more precise in t hei r
action than ot hers, but a ll require
pr oper care-even a s s olid a looking
tool as a wrench. I m pr oper care ,
usi ng the wrong t ool fo r a j ob, a nd
not repairing m in or damage wh ile
it is minor are t hin gs that s end a ny
once-useful tool to t he scrap heap.
Depending on t he nature and ex-
tent of your wor k, yo u m a y h a ve a
set of open-end wrenches, various-
sized adjustable a nd pipe wr enches,
and, if you putter around with your
car, a se t of box wrenches.
To keep a wrench fr ee of rust ,
a nd to keep its j aws from b eing
s c a r r ed or nicked by di r t part icl es
and metal s livers, a wrench should
be cleaned a fter you use it a
few t imes .
F ir st, was h gr ea s e , d ir t a nd metal
bi t s fr om t he wren ch 's body a nd jaws
with a cleaning sol vent. Wip e it d r y
wit h a clean cl oth .
Scour off a ny rust wit h a piece of
s teel wool or a cro cus cloth. Put a
li ght coat of pr eservative oil on thos e
a reas that ha ve a tendency t o rust.
CLEAN METAL CHIPS from the jaw serrations of
pipe and box wrenches with a wire brush or a
piece of flo li ened wir e.
42 WORKBENCH
LUBRICATE the slide and worm of pi pe and
adj ustabl e wre nches with a d rop or two of oil.
As s oon as yo u no tice a wrench is
damaged, r epair it before the da m-
age gets so bad, the wrench becomes
us el ess. Here's how :
IF AN OPEN-END or adjustable wre nch ha s
ballered, nicked or spread jaws, grind or fi le
the jaws perfectly flat and parallel. Enlarge
ope n-e nd wrenches to the next stan dard size .
For exa mple, a battered %" wrench can be
mod e a usef ul %" wr ench.
To keep the temper of the tool
when r epa iring it by grindi ng, dip
the wrench fr equently into a pan
of water.
WORN JAW SERRATIONS of pipe and box
wrenches can be mod e servi ceable again by
ca refully deepening the low points between ser -
rations with a fine three-cornered or tape red
file.
Too m uch free play in t he a dj us t-
ing worm of adj ustable and pipe
wrenches can be el im ina t ed like this :
REMOVE THE SCREW which act s a s the worm
axl e from th e wrench, and lift out the worm
and worm spring.
with Care
PUT THE SPRING ba ck inta the cupped end af
the wa rm and put the warm back inta the
wre nch. Tighten t he wa rm a xle screw.
USING A PUNCH, strike the screw a sharp blaw
ta lock it in place.
Avoiding certain "taboos" can save
you repair problems, money for new
tools and personal injury. Here are
some of the pitfalls to watch for:
NEVER PUSH on a wrench- it's " knuckle-be nq-
ing " dangerous.
ALWAYS PLACE your wrench so you can tighten
by pulling.
A WRENCH that doesn't fit the nut or bolt can
cause the wrench's jaws to sprea d. It alsa
batlers the nut or bolt.
ALWAYS USE the correct-sizad wre nch - it should
fit the nut or bolt snugly.
Never strike t he ha ndle of yo ur
wrench with a hammer or anything
ha r der than t he palm of your h and-
if you don ' t want a broken wrench.
If you can't gain enough leverage
to loos en a nut or a bolt, try a
wrench wi th a longer handle.
NEVER TURN adjustabl e wrenches so th e pulli nll
force is placed on the adjust ing jaw . The wren ch
could slip or its jaws could buc kle.
PULLING FORCE should always be rece ived by
the stationary jaw.
MARCH-APRil, 1958 43
CLOTHES YALET
HUGH F. WILLIAMSON
This rack will make it easier for the man of the
house to get dressed in the morning.
It
~
1-/
~
"
"
\
\
'f
l ~ j
,V
""-
."\ ~
.'!
.1
The va let in use.
44 W O RK BEN CH
Completed va let.
THIS CLOTHES valet is easily made with hand or power
tools in a few evenings and it will give the owner a great
deal of daily satisfaction in us e .
It helps do away with that frantic morning rush when
the often sleepy-eyed riser is faced with such problems
as what tie to wear with what shirt. If he is the planning-
ahead type, he can layout his complete wardrobe the
night before, then sleep blissfully with at least one
problem off his mind. This wooden valet is the next
best thing to a human one.
An y article of clothing may be placed or removed
fr om the val et without disturbing the other clothes.
You will find a place for your coat, hat, shirt, trousers
(two pairs) , shoes (two pairs), tie, tie clip and cuff links.
The en cl osed sketch and photographs are self-explana-
tory. Doweling can be substituted for the turned trouser
rods if de sired. The type of wood and finish is a matter
of individual t ast e . All joints are secured by glue and
wood screws . The dowel joints are glued in place and
locked with a single finishing nail.
COAT ClIT
FKO!1 2. X4 . -
"HOLE DRILLED
r /)EEP IN
CENTER 0':
,OP TO
ACCOMI100ATE
OOWEL .
% "}(.4 "/{ECESS
I ,. PEEP Cur
WITH CHISEL IN
OF
FRoNT SU/?FAcE
END
VIEW
FEET- TJIIo{2JCLlT FKOI1
2"X4-"XIB" . NorclI cur
IN TOP(-u."x6':) E/ BOTTOM
TO ACCOMMOtJATE
CROSS 80ARPS.'TWO(1)
I"/IOLES ORILLEP IN
ENOS FOR
POWELING
--------t TO" CRI).rS BOARO -
II X , " X/ 8 " . CUT
our MAPE IN CENTER
TO ACCOH MOOATC eosr:
F45rENEO ro FEET
WITH GLVE!Y SCREws.
Ift "x I"HOLE /)RILLED
S " FROI1 TOP TO
ACCOHHO/JATE ROO
FOR PANTS. GlUE
ROO IN HOLE
J
POST- " "
cor2"X'" X51-
DOWN
PANTS I?LJL>.
rr''rr'1:::::::===::::lO-t Ttll?NEP FROM
L...-+-++-----,'----- OPPOSITE
Y.z OF RIPPED 2 "x4 "
/)I?ILLEJ) II" FROM OF I'P$T.
TOP ON OPPOSITE ENO T{/RNEO TO
SIDE FROM A&JV rrr fL "x I" HOLG"
FO!? SECOND PANTS TVRN TWO (2.)
RoO.
FURNITURE GLIDE u
(2.) ON EAeN r oar I
cs oss SUPPoRT
-%. "X4"TAPEREO
To .3" A T SMALL
EN/). 7" t.ONt:.
fASTENEP TO
80111 COAT A#P
SIIIRT WITH
t:LVE ANP SCREIt'S
TIIKOVGH RACK
POWELING
TWO (,z) PI EeES
I "X/8" (!,LUEf)
INTO FEET
SHIRT RACK
CUT FKOI'1
3" x IS"8oARt:>.
SCKEWEO (JLVED 1.... :.....-__
TO SUPPORT
FRONT VIEW
..----/'''----i
ACCESSO/CY KACK I-__
CUT FROM -%." x5"
X," BOARO.
HOi.LOWEO oor
ON TOP
TO NOLO TIE P,
ETC. FA 5 rENO
TO POS T WITH
Bt. U 17 $CREWS,
BoTTOI1
BOARD. %,"" 4
1./8". DRILL
/lOLE IN (!NTR.
TO ACtOHt'!OOATE

TO SECURE
Po 5!- FASTEN
To FEET WI TH
dLUE &- SCREWS.
MA RCH-APRIL, 19 58 )} 45
Tuck Pointing Prevents
Brick Deterioration
MORTON J. SCHULTZ
The wise householder will make an annual inspection of brickwork
to see if the joints need tuck pointing.
PHOTOGRAPH I -Tap away all loos e mortar. Ne ve r lay he a vy with the hamme r-you could
dislodge soli d mortar and damage the br ick. Remove only tha t mortar which can be lapped
away or pried away with you r fingers.
46 c WORKBENCH
PHOTOGRAPH 2- Wit h a brush, dust out all
particles of loose mortar.
AS SPRING or fall comes around, home-
owners who have any brickwork on
their houses should keep two words
in mind-tuck pointing. This simple
process of reconditioning the joints
between bricks could mean the pre-
vention of future trouble.
The first sign that a joint needs re-
pairing is the appearance of one or
more hairline cracks where the mor-
tar has pulled away from a brick.
If the weakening of the mortar has
gone far enough. a frostlike deposit,
called efflorescence, usually appears
on the face of the brick. This accum-
ulation of soluble salts is washed out
of the br icks and mortar when water
ent er s th e cracks. As the final de-
t eriorating step, the bricks loosen up
a nd lose their waterproof qualities,
and the interior walls of your home
can start leaking.
To avoid this, you should inspect
brickwork annually and apply tuck
pointing where needed. The materi-
als and tools you' ll need are:
1. Hammer or mallet, and a cold
chisel, pick or old screwdriver. These
are used to remove loose mortar
around the brick.
2. A mortar-mix . You can use
either ready-mix mortar, or you can
mix it your self . To make your own,
m ix one part of Portland cement, six
parts of sand. one part of hydrate d
lime and water.
3. A pointed trowel to apply the
mortar. Any size trowel is suitable
as long as you can handle it easily.
The accom p a n y i n g photographs
show you how to tuck point.
PHOTOGRAP H 3 - Wet the cavity and surround.
ing area with wat e r, a s d ry b rick a bsar bs
moi stur e from fresh mortar and preven ts t he
mor ta r fr o m co ngea ling and a dhering pr operly.
MAR CH AP RI L. 1 958 47
~ H 0 1 0 G R A P H 4-With the trowel. a pply some
mortar to the cavi ty, filling it until the mor tar
is flush with the br ick. Work with a sma ll amount
of morta r a t a time, so you won 't smear the
face of the brick.
PHOTOGRAPH 5-Wait a few minutes a nd then
press the trowel against the Fresh ly-rnertored
joint . Now move the tool across the surfoce-
first ver tically, and then horizontally-to smooth
out the job .
PHOTOG RAPH 6-11 efflorescence is apparent,
clean it off by scrubbing the brick with a mix-
ture of one part of muriatic acid to 10 po rts
of water. Better wear rubber gl oves . In ca se
you should get any of the acid an your skin,
flush it away with plenty of cold water.
48 W0 RK8 ENe H
Wall Finishes
for Concrete Masonry
EVERYTHING lor ENAMELING
N. M. PITTMAN
LOW COST KILN
. . fo r beg in ne r o r prof es si o nal. Fi re s piece s up
to 4
3
/ 8" diameter and 1
1
/2" high. It rea ches
enameling te mperature quickl y and mai nt ains
it con stantl y. All parts are easily re placed at
nominal cost .
ENAMELS
Com pl ete line of enamel colors incl ud ing o pal-
esce n ts.
MAKE $25 TO $50 A WEEK
CLIPPING NEWSPAPER ITEMS!
Dept. WB1D1
Chicago, Illinois
ALL OF THEM
EVEN
PICTURE TUBE
. . . pl u g in to any home
outlet - c harges and boo s t s
bot h 6 & 1 2v, avoids freez-
ing , can -t ovor c na rrr e. K eep !'>
b a tter y up d u ri ng t nrreoueut
use . Won ' t b low nousehot.t
fus e . Trouhle li ght flashes
.....nrn lnR" if incorrect Iv h o ok(. , t
UP. Battery s tays new. saves
on c harging cos ts . Switch
fr om 0 t o 1 2 v with set ector
button. Le s R lhnn 4 " senrare ,
$
995
each Full y g -ua eant eed , Or d er E-Z
Cbarae r- b v m all _ we nav
prepaid posta e e . De ale r I n qu i ri e s
invit ed ,
B. BARFIELD, 6552 N. Glenwood, Chicago 26
KEEP AUTO BATTERY AT
FULL CHARGE
)fake money e,en l nl"lI In s pa r e time at home. cli p-
pine want ed i t ems fr om you r newspaper for our
publi cations. Xo expeetenee or In ves t men t required.
Simpl y eut ou t the r Jl'ht Item with a pair of shean.
send It off t o the a ddreun we tell )'oa about-and
fo r a li ttle thin e lik e that (and that OSLV ) . m any
firms li sted l a ou r Instruction Manual will pal' up
to 15 EACH for an acceptable dlppln.. Send your
n ame t od ay f or FREE det ail s. So obll .. &'Uon.
S ATIOSAL. Dept . 81- W R. Kni ckerbocker StatioI'
Sew York 2. S . Y.
GEIGER ENGINEERING CORP.
3738 West lawrence Ave.
METALS
All shapes and si zes in co p pe r a nd the new
silver plated st eel which requires no p re-dean-
ing.
FINDINGS
For cuff links, ear r ings , b r o o che s, e tc ., and all
types of chain in co p per a nd b ra ss .
ILLUSTRATED CATALOG
Write for your copy of our new catalog ill us-
trating our complet e li ne . Include s he lpful hi nt s
and project s on ename lin g.
Dept. PH
New by Thompson
ENAMEL GLAZE PAINTS
A supe rior decorating medium f or painting
d e signs o ve r e na mel bose coats. Su p p li e d
in klt s" an d bu lk form.
ThomasC.ThompsonCO.
1S39 Deerf i.ld Rood Highland Par III.
Ne a r-tv h alf of TV se r v ice ca lls m ad e are due t o b r oken
or d efe c ti ve l ube fil a m e nts . Tester shows w het her t ub e
fil a m e nts a r e good. N o need to s pen d money on service
ca rts. J us t Insert tube In t e st er. P il ot li ght ind icates if
t u b e is tun-nee! out. Easv. safe t o u s e . One servic e ca tt
s a ve d p ays f or tester. Ru g g ed met a l case (not p l a sti c ).
AC or DC. Ch ecks f u s e s . appli ances. etc . On lv $:l . fla
p ostpaid. or C. O.D . plus c harges. De-Lu x e Model $4 .05.
t na rr u c t t one. s -vea r Guarantee.
Resin-Emulsion paints are m ade of
pi gm en t s ground in a vehicle of oil-
extended r esin which has been treat-
ed with a n emulsifying agen t a llow-
ing it to mix with water. This pain t is
easily applied with brush or s p ray
and' dries within a few hours t o a
smooth, opaque, flat finish . Walls are
not wet down either before or after
painting. This type of pa int norm a ll y
weathers by chalk ing, and h as con-
si derable elasticity. Howev er, ex-
cessive moist ure or a lkali ne salt so-
luti on s for m ing back of the film may
cause bl is t e r ing . Walls shoul d be
aged three weeks before a pplying
r es in- em uls ion paints, which usually
come in pa ste form, thinned to brush-
ing consistency with water.
Oil-Base paints are us ually ready-
mixed, and contain opaque pigments
s uspended in drying oils and thinner .
Oil -ba s ed paints designed for use on
concrete masonry are usually made
so tha t t he first coat seals the s ur-
face s ufficiently to prev ent "spot-
ting" of the second coat. Two coats,
as a general rule, are necessary for
good hiding power . Application of oil-
based paints to damp s urfaces is
not recommended.
Synthetic Rubber paints are of t wo
types : 1. The r ubber-solu tion t ype ,
in which t he synthetic r ubber is add-
ed to a vehicle of drying oi ls, hydro-
carbons, a nd coal tar t hinn ers. 2.
The rubber-emulsion type, in which
t he synthet ic r ubber is treat ed with
a n emulsifying age nt so that t he
paste pain t can be t hinned wit h wa-
t er. As these paints usua ll y contain
les s pigment t ha n many other ex-
terior finishes, t hey a re mainly
us ed on interior walls . However , a
two-coa t a pplication makes a good
ex t e r ior finish. Rubber -b a sed paints
are us ed ex tensively for interior
wa lls becaus e of their a bil it y to with-
s t and r epeated was hings witho ut
harm t o ei t her ad hesion or cohesion
of the paint film.
Silicone Sealers provide a water-
r epell ent seal that gives go od pro-
t ection, y et r etains the original color
and t exture of t he m a sonry walls.
The y s houl d not be a ppl ie d ove r oil
or resin-base coat ings , but can be
used ove r cement-base paints. Ca n
be brushed or sprayed .
THERE ARE two principal reasons for
applying surface treatment to co n-
crete masonry walls : 1. To enhance
a ppe a r a nce with a colorful finish . 2.
To help m ake the masonry units a nd
the mortar joints on exterior sur -
faces weathertight.
In painting exterior surfaces for
protection against moisture penet r a-
tion, the paint should be applied to
form a continuous film, with no pi n-
holes or openings that will permit
p enetration of moisture. There are
now available many finishes made
especially for concrete masonry.
These s pecia l paints can be obtained
in a varied array of color s as well
as clear finishes for both exterior
and interior walls . The choice of
finish depends upon the type of struc-
ture, the climatic cond iti ons to which
walls will be exposed, the appear-
ance d es ir ed, and whether for in-
terior or ex ter ior walls.
F ive types of concrete masonry
finishes are listed below, with some
comments on strong points and limi-
tations of each. Check with yo ur lo cal
dealer for detail ed local p roblems.
Cement-Water paints are water-
dilutable paints with a binder of
P ortl a nd cement which should not be
less than 65 per cent by weig ht of
to tal paint. These paints are especial-
ly suited to concrete masonry walls
that are damp at the time of pain t-
ing or are subject to dampness. A
typical cement-water paint film is
hard, strong a nd relatively br ittl e .
Cement-water paint possesses good
decorative qualities, good hiding
power and color , and excellent dura-
bility. Addition of fine sand in primer
coat h elps conceal d efects and fills
texture. Method of applying and cu r -
ing and conditions u nd er which paint-
ing are done a r e very important.
For exterior a p pl ica t ion , the foll ow-
ing steps a re recommended. Wall
m ust be dampened prior to a pplyi ng
ea ch coat. P a int is a pplied wit h a
short, stiff-br istled brush, and paint
is scru bbed into s u rfa ce, s tarting
with j oints . Seal coa t should be kept
m ois t with f og sp r a y for 12 hours,
and at lea st 48 hours f or finish co a t.
Portland cement paints are widely
used for both interior a nd ex t erior
masonry surfaces.
MARC H APR Il , 1 9 5 B 49
Advice to apply to appliances
Part VI: Bulbs, Lamps, and Fixtures
J. J. LIGHTER
FIGURE I -Electrical symbol for a bu lb.
FIGURE 2-Edison (sta nda rd) base bulb.
FIGURE 3-Mogul (large) bo se bulb.
50 WOR KBENCH
YOU MAY contend that bulbs, lamps
and fixtur es a r e not a ct ua lly appli-
ances. A moment of r eflection, how-
ever, will reveal that bulbs a nd
lamps of one type or another often
are part of appli ance circuits. Vari-
ous light ing fixtures, of course, are
actually more of a necessity than
many of the' so called "essential "
appliances.
At this point the more precise
reader will detect a ne ed for es t a b-
li shing definitions . Wh at is the dif-
ference, for e x ampI e, between a
light , a lamp, a bulb, a f ixt ure, etc?
Technical cor rectn ess a nd common
public us age are often at logger-
heads about many terms. Illustra-
tion : The powerplant under the hood
of an a ut omobile is a ctually a n en-
gine but even the men who work
on th em-from the on e-pump gas
station up to the motor car com-
panies themselves - use the term
motor very liberally.
With the devic es whose purpos e it
is to emit light we a lso f ind a con-
fli ct between word usage and fact.
The philosophers , in thei r wisdom,
never solve any problem com plet ely
and th ereby do not wor k themselves
out of a j ob. F ollowing t hi s sage a d-
vice we shall set up definiti ons for
pu rposes of this s er ies but th ey are
not gu arant eed to solve t he ent ire
pr obl em for all eternity.
Let us consider as bulbs those
bul bous or tube shaped ar ti cles that
are a ctu all y designed to emit li ght
a nd s cr ew, snap, or t wi st into a
socke t of some t ype. As lamps let us
m ean th e bulb plus th e socke t, switc h ,
decorative hardwa r e a nd fasteners
or s tand r equired to m ake up a n il-
lu m in ating device which is not per-
manentl y wired t o an interior outlet
box in th e house or not permanentl y
affi xed in one location. In this cate -
gory, th en. would be desk la mps ,
floor lamps. and pin- up lamps.
This , by default, allows fixtures t o
mea n th ose complete illuminating d e-
vi ces wh ich a re permanently fast-
ened a nd wired. Incl uded as f ixtur es
wo uld be r ecessed li ghts as well as
many indoor a nd out door non r e-
cessed t ypes.
Do not los e s ight of th e fact that
t hese definiti on s were set up for t hi s
ser ies of a r ticles t o enable us to
bring some order out of the chaos
of conf used us a ge prev al ent t oday.
It is hi ghly im pr oba ble that we can
get 100 per cent co-operat ion from
t he rest of the inhabitants of this
sphere as regards this usage. Do not,
therefore, be startled by disputes
from these nonconfor m is t s .
BULBS
EVEN IF we restrict th e discussion of
bulbs to those in common household
us e we still have a surprising va-
riety of s izes, shapes, base types,
voltages, wattages, etc. The elec-
trical symbol for a common bulb is
shown in Figure 1. The symbol is
simplicity itself and allows one to
assume that a bulb must consist at
least of two contact points (termi-
nals) each connected to one- end of
a filament . This is, of cour se, true
and the next step is to s ee just what
form these simple element s may
take. Some bulb categories will be
om itted in this s ecti on as they a r e
less frequently us ed .
The most commonly used bulb
base-as far as the average WORK-
BENCHER is concerned-is the Edison
or standard base. As Figure 2 shows,
this is a screw base bulb a nd the
glass envelope usually t akes t he
shape shown. The base is approxi-
mately one inch in di ameter with
the threaded portion for ming one of
t he electrical te r min a ls a nd the cen-
t er conta ct forming th e ot he r . Bulbs
with thi s type of ba se a r e usually
availa ble in 15, 25, 40, 60, 75, 100, a nd
150-watt s izes .
Mogul base bulbs have a 1%-inch
di a m eter bas e. The shape of the
gl as s envelope is a lso slightly differ-
ent in that there is a more pro-
nounced neck portion , F igure 3.
The r e gular Edison base is avail-
able wit h-and the Mogul base is
prim arily designed for-bu l bs wi th
three-wa y filaments. A t hree-way
bulb is so ca ll ed bec ause three lev els
of illumination m a y be obta ined from
it . Depend ing upon t he switch posi-
tio n one could sel ect , for example,
50 watts, 100 watts, or 150 watts.
Although there a re exceptions it has
generally been the pra cti ce t o use
Edison base three-way bul bs for up
t o' 150 watts a nd Mogul base bu lbs
for watta ges up to 300. The Mogul
bas e three-way bulb sees conside r-
able se rvice in larger fl oor lamps
where higher wattage co m bi natio ns
such as 100, 200, and 300 watts are
desired. Mogul base bulbs , however,
are available in 50, 100, a nd 150 watt
combinations. Common Edison base
thr e-e-way wattage combinations are
30, 70, 100; 50, 100, 150; there are
some combinations that have a max-
imum of more than 150 watts.
Figure 4 shows the difference in
the b a se end view between a r egul ar
bulb a nd a t h r ee-wa y bul b. Except
for being la r ger th an the Edison
t hr e e-wa y ba se t he Mogul three-wa y
base appears no d ifferent.
F igur e 5 is a schem a t ic drawing of
the insi de of a three-way bulb. For
purpos es of explanation this bulb is
assu med to be a 50, 100, and 150 watt
com bi nation. The 50-watt filament is
conn ected between t he r ing a nd the
s hell and the 100-watt fil ament is
connected between the center and the
shell cont a ct. When the three-way
light s witch is fi rst turned on it
causes current t o fl ow between the
r in g and the s hell (through the 50-
wa tt fil a ment), which gives the low-
est level of illumination. When the
switch is turned to the s econd posi-
tion it caus es current t o flow between
the center contact and the shell
(through the 100-watt filament),
which is the middle level of illumi-
nation. Turning the switch to its
third position causes current to flow
between the ring and th e shell and
also betwe en th e center contact and
the shell (through both the 50-watt
and the 100-watt fil aments) for the
highest level of illumination. The
fourth or remaining switch position
is "off." It will be noticed that the
shell is th e common terminal used
in all cases.
THE QUESTION so met i me s arises
(among our more cautious brethren
who have learned not to experiment
with electricity) as to what will
happen if a regular one-way bulb
is used in a three-way socket or a
three-way bulb in a one-way socket.
You n eed not be without light for
want only of a three-way bulb. When
a one-way bulb is put in a three-way
socket it will work-not, however, in
all positions. It cannot work in the
first switch position because t his in-
volves a circuit between the ring
and the shell and as may be seen
from Figure 4 the one-way bulb has
no ring. It will work in the second
and third positions of the switch as
ea ch of these positions involves a
circuit between the center a nd the
shell . Having a one-wattage fil a-
ment, though, it can have but a
s ingle level of brightness in ei t her
position. The poss ibili t y of ha vi ng
different illumina ti on levels lies in
the bulb a nd no t in the swi tch which
ser ves merel y as a selecti ng device.
A three- wa y bulb can be us ed in a
on e-way socket pr ovided that th e
filament which gives th e medium
a m ount of light is good. A m od erate
a m ount of .cogit a t ion reveals that this
is so because th e only c ircuit which
c an possibly wo r k in this type of
socket is the one between the center
a nd t he shell. This will be true re-
gardl ess of whether the other fila-
ment is good or not. Temporary re-
lief in mild cases of bulb-snatching
h as sometimes been had by using a
three-way bulb in a on e-way socket
when only its lower wattage element
was burned out.
Another common screw base type
is known as candel abra. A popular
bulb using this base is shown in
Figure 6. This 7-watt type of bulb
is used in some strings of Christmas
tree lamps and also in night lamps,
grinder lights, etc., (mfg. type C-7l;2).
The last category of bulbs (accord-
ing to bases) that we shall conside r
here is the miniature bulbs. One way
of classifying base types is "screw"
and " no-t hr ea d. " Of the no-thread
types the bayonet base shown in
F igure 7 is very popular. In appli-
ance work you will usually find, how-
ever, that a bulb with a screw base
approximately 7's inch in dia m et er is
used. Figure 8 shows a type of min-
iature bulb used as an indicator in
a F r ench-fr yer circuit. This is a 1.2-
volt (mfg. type 222) lens-end bulb
which is also used in some small
pocket penlights. The more faithf ul
among yo u m ay remember that the
subject of indicati ng lights in appli-
a nces was mentioned in the J uly-
August, 1957, iss ue of WORKBENCH
in the section on percolator t y pe
coffeemakers. Min i a t u r e 110-volt
bulbs are not commonl y made; there-
fore, existing lower voltage min-
iature bulbs are a dapte d for use in
these appli ances by the use of cir-
cuits which properly limit the cur-
rent flow through them.
BULB MARKINGS
IN ADDITION to the words t hat a ppea r
on t he bul b end, the r e should be a t
least two sets of figures of impor-
t anc e : the voltage a nd the wattage.
Most light in g s ystems are 110-120
volts . That is, the curr-ent is supplied
under an elect r ical pressure of 110
to 120 volts by the power company .
Bulbs a re made , howe ver, for the
fewer number of 220-240-volt circuits
which r equir e bul bs. If a bul b de-
signed to ope rate with a n elect rical
pressure of 110 vo lts were pla ced in
a 220-volt circuit it would bur n out
because twice as much current would
be forced th rough it. If, on the other
hand, a bulb designed t o operate
with an electrical pressure of 220
volts was placed in a 110-volt circuit
it would be at best rather dim be-
cause only one-half of the r equired
current would be forced throu gh it
by the lower voltage .
Have you ever asked friend wife
what size (meaning intensity of il-
iumination) bulb it was that just
burned out and had her reply,
"There's a 120 v on h ere, do es that
help? " Now let's not start any family
FIGURE 6-A popula r bu lb with a candelabra
ty pe ba se.
100 WATT

50 WATT
FILAMEN"/"
C.ENTER CONTACT
TO SHEL L
TO CENTER
ONE WAY BASE T HREE WIIY BASE
FIGURE 4-The base of 0 one-wa y bulb ha s
two po int s of e lectr ica l contact while the t hree-
way has th ree.
FIGURE 5- This thr ee -way bulb filament would
ha ve a wattage combin a t ion of 50, 100,
and 150.
FIGURE 7-A ba yonet ba se bu lb .
MARCH-APRIL, 1958 l) 51
.,--- - - -FILAMENTS
FLUORESCENT BULBS
THUS FAR all of the bulbs that we have
mentioned have been of the incan-
descent variety. This means that
they produce light when their fila-
ments reach a white heat. The fluo-
rescent bulbs-which are either cir-
cular (ex.: Circline type fixtures ) or
straight tubes work on an entirely
different principle.
Figure 10 shows the electrical cir-
cuit of a fluorescent fixture. It may
be noted that while the bulb con-
tains a filament, light is produced
by current flowing through a gas
instead of heating a filament to white
heat as is the case with th e incan-
descent type. Although the initial cost
of fluorescent bulbs (commonly
called tubes-but bulbs by our defi-
nition) is higher than the incandes-
cent they do have several advan-
tages. They represent a closer ap-
proach to actual daylight, produce
better illumination with a smaller
power consumption (lower wattage
rating). and operate much cooler
than incandescent bulbs.
tance (opposition to current flow)
which allows more current to flow in
the bulb thus giving a brighter light.
This, then, is a higher wattage bulb.
A 40-watt bulb gives more light than
a 25-watt bulb because there is more
current flowing through it although
the voltage must remain the same-
it is the resistance in the filament
which has been changed. Figure 9
summarizes the definitions of the
electrical terms under discussion.
Electrical appliances as well as
bulbs are marked with the operating
voltage and the wattage required.
Some appliances are also marked
with the amperage (current flow)
under operating conditions. Voltage
markings are important in insuring
that the user does not ruin the de-
vice by connecting it to the wrong
voltage source. Electrical devices
are marked with their wattage rating
in order to advise the user of the
power that they will consume and
also serve as an index of the work
or output that may be expected from
them.
TO LINE -.Y
FIGURE 10- Uni ts in one type of fl uo resce nt
circuit.
TERM DEFINITION UNIT
VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL PRESSUIl,E VOLT
CURRENT ELECTRICAl FLOW AMP
RESISTANCE
OPPOSITION TO
OHM
ELECTRICAL FLOW
WATTAGE ELE.CTRICAL POWER WATT
FIGU RE a-One typ e of minioture bulb with 0
screw base. This pa rt icula r one has a magnify-
ing en d known a s a " le ns e nd,"
fights because this doesn't prove that
women are not as intelligent as men.
It proves, rather, that not everyone
understands all that he knows a bout
the items that he uses every day.
Most people do know that the higher
the wattage of the bulb the greater
amount of light it will produce; let
us see why this is.
The watt is the unit of electrical
power and it is power that you are
charged for by the electric company.
It is concerned with the wattage
you use and the length of time
that you use it. The product of this,
watt-hours, is divided by 1,000 to
produce the more workable term
kilowatt-hours that appears on your
electric bill.
Mathematically wattage is the re-
sult of multiplying the voltage (elec-
trical pressure) in volts by the cur-
rent (electrical flow) in amperes or
amps. An appliance operating at 110
volts with a current of 2 amps flow-
ing through it would be rated at
220 watts. The job of supplying the
proper voltage belongs to the elec-
tric power company. If the user
wishes to have a brighter light bulb
he must change some factor, then,
other than the voltage in order to
utilize more electrical power. Al-
though he may not know it, what he
does is to buy a bulb with less resis-
FIGURE 9- Chart of electricol terms.
Learn to make Proressional corugn. If-
ranaem ent s. \\'eddln K' and funer al desteua.
Study and earn rour diploma at home.
Unusual spare or rull time monel' mak-
Ing opp ortuntttes or hobby. Send (or
FnEE booklet "OPPOnTUNITIES IN
FLOIlISTIlY".
NAT IONAL LANDSCAPE INSTITUTE
Studio WB 3 8. 11826 San Vl eent e Blvd.
Los Ange les 49. California
Sell famous Sprtna- Ste p Cushion Shoes. Earn hilt
money daily plus Cash Bonus and Ret i rement
Income with amazfng 2- minut e demonstrat ion
that setls on sight. repeat bu ...Iness, Full or
Sl>are time. Amer tca ' a Hhn:est setecuon of
Shop s Cor all the Iaml lv. Free outrtt alven .
No Investment ever. Wrt te today.
ORTHO-VENT SHOE CO Inc.
5583 Brand Roa d , Salem. Virginia
WANTED FOR CASH!
Old, discarded, out of print Old
Books, Magazines, Catalogs!
UP TO 10.000 DIFFERENT T ITLES
WANTED WEEKLY!
Almost a hair mUlion t lt les per year a re wanted for
Cas hl x ct rare, ha rd t o ti nll titles but ma n)' are
retatfvelr common t trl es, some publish ed rt ve year s ago.
Help rill th l s terrtnc demand (or old book s. ruagu-
d oes and cataloae (or goo d eold cash moner t ',"ark
part tlrne-e-choose j-our own ti me. FOSf'lnatlng work .
!'tf'lHtr rear ' round demand ror 52 weeks out of t he
vear. lo" r rr inform ation on how to sta r t.
Book Hunter, Box 591D, Lynn, Mass.
d
PUTS YOU IN A
$10,000 BUSINESS!
FOR EVERY WOODSCREW
DRILLS HOLE, COUNTERSINKS,
COUNTERBORES IN 1 OPERATION
Mjusts 10r ANY Screw length!
DRIllS

For Quick. accurate scr ew drhing. Prev ents wood

split ti ng, stripped threads. Insures holding
power of each screw threa d.
or .. d rlJl !'l for a ll #fi-R- 1O- 12 woo.t scr cw -
n at, round. O1..a l head s. Use with 11I1n11
or elect rtc d rUIs. drill pr ess on wootls , $3
69
utast tcs. alu nunum. P ostn a td .
Order today on our Un condi t i onal 20day Money
Back Guarantee. (C. O. D. 's - pl us post .)
ARROW METAL PRODUCTS CO.
Dept. WB3D. 421 West 203 St .. N. Y. 34. N. Y.
: Hun your own bURineJIS from home. \Ve train. 3 deltvertee :
a day earnll you up to 110.000 a year l'-ellinc macniticent.
: Bibl e" with hundred!' of full color picture verJllion. :
: for all fa iths aold and red ever-lest tna cover 80 :
: be autiful it se lls iuelfl Every family a pr 01lpect not
: Se ll on eas)' terms, Rush card for money !
: BIBLE HOUSE/ OepL 3614, 1I35N. Tyroll street :.
Charl.ne, N. c.
......................................................
BRAND NEWt
"ARCOSCREW-DRill" .
\I.VI fuN , lottIE WOIIEY u.... _.. :".:
nEW UNUSUAl G;n, l_ f"
\mpk 000 .. M.rke" Plaquq 'tf.1l
.u. .1)' .awout. _net pain!:, \ 1 bt'i'9
you l..... EXCITING onol DIffERENT UO fun
sir. IJM pM:l:crnL ORDER NOW"
TRANS PLANS , Dept. P35
29 Ho ll y st.
52 WORKB ENCH
. Polt rr lj
f ill StudiOS Clllt1log
nevv
T his w o nderfu l pa c ke t co nea tn s 1 0 1 FULL
S I ZE patterns (u p t o 2 3" h igh) o f the
smar tes t Lawn ret rru ree. B I r d H 0 u s e 8
Sh e tvea . Ac ti on W indmi ll s , Atoha-
b e t s . Gifts and No velti e s you h ave ever
Sf'f't' ! .Jll o;: t t r-ace a nd saw o u t . You a l so g e t
" Mnke Mo ney Sa w i ng. " An f or o n l y $ 1,00.
Send ' or fhi e: GJ FT & NOVF.I.TY P ACKF.T t o d a v!
MASTERCRAFT PLANS. Dept . 358
7 041 Ol c ott Ave n u e Ch i c O' q o 31 . I lI i n o i 'A
Don't Let Repair Bills Drain You Dry!
FIX, REPAIR
MEND Anything
Instantly With New Miracle Material
I Send You on FREE TRIAL!
AUTHORS WANTED
BY N. Y. PUBLISHER
the MOST complete
catalog of ceramic sup-
plies ever published!
Profu sely illu st rat ed - in -
cludes hundreds of item s
for bett er pottery mak lnq ,
Fea tures t he newest clays ,
over 300 ntazes. 37 el ectr ic
ki lns . p o tt e r ' s w h e el s.
m0 u I d s , tools, br ushes.
numerou s aceessor les, In-
cl udes phot os of over 100
exa mples of fin e potte ry-
wa re as id eas.
Every cera mist should ha ve a copy of this inval ua ble
Ha ndbuok- Data leq. Hequl a r pr ice SOc. For a li mit ed ti me
only - send 2Sc to cover postaq e and handlinq.
ETTL STUDIOS, l ne. ;: Studi o 9
ETTL ART CENTER GLENVI LLE. CONN.
St op she ll i ng out
hundr eds of dollars
every year on repairs
you can do ro ursetr I
w tt h t he help of ju st
one mi ra cle material
you ca n pocket the
ca sh yo u' r e n ow
spending on car re -
pa irs, bett er pa t ch -
i ng, and a ll t he ot her
l ittl e Jobs th a t add
up to bi l{ monevt All
you need is th is one
ma t er ia l and I'm go-
in g to send i t to YOU
for a t en clay' s FHEE
your f
by JOHN MOSS. Technical Engi neer
There are t hi ngs around YOur home, officf'. fa rm. rae-
ton ", or your ca r which you could fix yourse l f if you
had t he r ight kin d of ma teria l. xrore t h an 10. 000 in.
rlust rfa l plant s and factor i es are now using the ma t e-
rial I' m ta lking about. It' s been pr oven and tested by
engfueers-c-men who know! The name of t his produ ct
is P lastic ) Iet al. You app ly it lik e nu t t y . . and it
h urden s Hke So ha rd yon can hi t it with
a ll ) ' 0111' mi ght wi th a sl ed ge ha mmer l Plast ic :\I et al
is a perman en t soli d met al f ill er . . _ on e of t he
s t ron nest adhesi ves i n t he world. The l ist of t hln as
Pi a st ir :\ Ietal can help yo u repair is endless . F i x
eracked mot or bl ocks , fenders, l amps , hath tubs ,
si nk!'. snort t ne equi pment , engines. Sti cks to anv
surfac e. Never ru at s l Can be san de d . f iled. dr ilJ e(i.
hu ff' ed. Fi x anyt hi ng t ha t' s crack ed. c hi ppe d. de nt ed
or dama ged . Rep a fr li ke new pipes, boil er s . boat s.
je wetr v. bikes, l amps. Reset ha t h room t il es, bricks .
Pl u..tl r :\fet al fixes anvt hfngl
Get Free-Trjal Supply At No Risk!
The only real way I ta n demon st ra t e P l a sti c' )I t' t lll
ra il su ve YOl1 h un d re d s of dollars i s t o let \ ' 011 uut
it. t o use at my ri sk! Her e' s my off er : $1.9 8 now!
] ' 11 send yo u a f u ll supply of Plast ic )[ et :ll. Use it to
repal r and fix anyt hing } 'OU like. It' s so easy . . . so
stmple l Ju st apvly an d let d ry. Aft er th e t est. if not
absolutely convlneed Pl ast ic ::\fet al i s a ll I say an d
more. return it for full ref und . You ri sk not hfngI Ac t
now! ( SAVE! Trf ple f ree-t ria l s iz e on ly $2. 98. )
SCOTTMITCHELL HOUSE, INC.
611 Broadway. Dept. NS-146, New York 12, N. Y.
New York. N. Y. - One of t he n ati on' s largest book
publtshera is see king manu scrtnts of all ty pes - ficti on.
non -fi ct ion. poet r y. snectar atte ntion t o new writ ers.
If your wor k is rea dy for publl cut ion, send for hook-
let HB - it' s free. Vant age P r ess. 120 ' V. :Ust St ..
New Yor k 1. o rrtce: 220 S. .Michlgun Ave.,
Chlca gn, Il l. )
FIGURE II - Fluore scenl sl o rle r .
CONTACTS
The interior of the gl ass in the
fl uorescent bulb (tube) is coated with
a chemical which glows or fluoresces
when a n e lec t r ic c u rr e n t flows
t hrough the gas fill ed a rea. In refer -
ence t o Figure 10 (which is only on e
of the t ypes a vailable) not e that the
fl uorescent c i r c u i t also utili zes a
starter a nd a ball ast. Br iefl y the op-
eratio n may be describ ed as f oll ows:
1. Wh en the switch is closed curr en t
fl ows through the ball ast, one fi la-
ment , thr ou gh th e a utomat ically
clo sed starter and through the other
f ila ment a nd back to t he source; 2.
The fila ments b egin t o heat as
need ed for prope r opera tion ; 3. The
s t a r t er a utomat ically opens a nd the
ballast causes a momentary su r ge
of high volt a ge ; 4. This is suffici ent
to star t a n a rc thr ou gh t he bulb f rom
one f ilament t o the ot her-a m uch
lower co ns tant volta ge is all that is
needed t o maint ain this arc once
started; 5. As long as th e switch is
on this ci rcuit r em ains in effect;
6. An ot her funct ion of the ball ast is
to maint a in current flow in the ci r -
cuit a t a val ue high enough to keep
the bu l b li ghted but low enough to
prevent d ama ge.
The starter usually takes the fo rm
of a small al uminum can (see Fi gure
11) th at fi ts into th e fixture and may
be conceale d by th e bulb . If this
starter is defect ive, th e f ixtur e can-
not be t urned on . On ce on, however,
t he fixture will not be affected even
by the r emov al of t he starter . Now
naturally this will be true only when
the star ter can be r emoved without
dis t urbing the bulb as is so metimes
the case. The most frequent point of
fa il ur e in a fluorescent f ix t ure is the
star ter . If this ha ppens , you will be
pl eas ed to know that r eplacem ent is
not a diffi cult task. St art er s are
rated accor di ng to th e wattage of t he
bulb they are to serve-be sure t o
us e the proper one. St arter s a r e now
available with a r eset fea tu r e . This
ty pe is de s igned t o ope n the circui t
like a circuit breaker if ' cond it ions
are present that would or di nar ily
cause damage t o a r egul a r s t arter.
Unless t he starter does t r uly f ail ,
then, ope ration m av be r estored by
pr essing th e res et button.
F l uorescent bulbs have a double
Free plan
shows how to
start your own
spare time
business
BE YOUR OWN BOSS!
Cash in by sharpening
knives, circul ar saws, ro-
ta ry mower blad es, ice
skat es, sanding, buffi ng.
Versatile, low-cost Foley
314 Grinder earns $3 to
$5 an hour for you in
spa re time,
" I service saws for home
owners and carp ent ers in
my community, and a ll my
work is guar anteed. Circu-
lar saws range fr om 90 c
for B" blades, on up to
$3.50 each for the larger
s izes. I never made a bet -
ter invest menl."
F. J. Borowski, III.
FREE PLAN t ell s how to
bo o st yo ur income thi s
easy way. Sharpening only
3 saws a day can clea r
over $1000 a year net
profi t. Send coupon to-
day! No obligati on. No
sa lesman will call .
Foley Mfg. Co. , 463-8 Foley Bldg. , Minnea polis 18, Minn
Send FREE P LAN f or s pa r e time h ome b u s t ness
with F o l e y 31 4 Gr i n der.

i --..--:.:.:.:.::.::.:.:.:: :.:':':':'.':':':'.':':':':":':':':':':':':':':':':':':'

IFYOU DIDN'T
THE
OF METAL
Home app l i-
a nc e s , A 1I t o
par-ts , Far-m-
g a r den e q u ip-
m ent , t oy s .
Make and r e-
p ai r p i a v ,
g ro und equip-
mont J a w n
c h a i r s ,
t aht es, orna -
m enta l ir on wor k. gat es, w a rrens , e t c . So ld e r , heat ,
bend, and stratgnt en w it h ter rific h e a t f r om a r c t orch,
Cu t and we ld up t o 1/4" s t eer pl a te. A mi ll i on u se s
f or Ho m e , a u t o, fa rm, i n ven tors , fa ctories, e t c . Works
fr o m any h o m e 1 10 volt p lug-In. Co m p lete w it h d ark
w e lders m a s k , a r c t orch. f oot co nt rol. s u p p ly of ca rbon
weld in g a nd brazin g rods. g o t-t c r , nux. a nd co m p le te
Wel d in g I n s t r u ct io n Boo k . Attr act ive-port a b le-efficie nt
_ dur abl e _ 1 year g u a ran tee. We ig h s o n ly 8 lb s ,
SEND ONLY $3 .00 (cas h. ck. rn o ) a nd pay po s tman
$6.95 p l us C. O. D. p stg , o n arrival or send $9.95 plus
$1. 50 pat g , a nd we w il l send pos t p aid. Id e al g i,f t for
mech an ically m i nd ed home owner s , rela tives, fr umds,
Order now f o r e a r l y d a t tver-v. Ava il a ble ani" fr om:
M I DW AY WELDE R De pt . Ke a rne y ,
Get this spectacular collect'ion of ali-differ-
ent , genuine Airmails from st ra nge, far-away
countr ies in Asia, Africa, Europe, t he exotic
Orient ! Wo rld' s larg est air mail, scarce $23
st amp, old Zeppelin, many, many others. A
truly remarkable collection containing stamps
worth up to 30c each at cat alog prices!
EXTRA: Bargain Catalog PLUS othe r excit-

JAMESTOWN STAMP CO
Dept. F38PH, Jamestown, N. Y. I
RUSH my Fre e Airma il Collect ion and olher:
ott ers . I e ncl ose 10 fo r mai ling cos ts . I
I
Name 1
1
Si ree t I
Cily & :
.. ______________ iii__J
MAR CH- AP RI L. I 9 5 8 53
MONEY in DONUTS
of: course. if necessary check the
bulb by replacing with a di fi erent
one. The bulbs do wear out and what
makes t he matter confus ing is that
bulb a nd starter malfunctions may
both exhibit the same symptoms.
A r ather large amount of space in
this part has been devoted to bulbs
because they are rather important
it ems in our everyday lives. Further-
more, understanding their principles
of operation and other details is es-
sential to a good electrical back -
ground. Fixture installation and some
lamp installation usually comes un -
der t he heading of house wiring and
will not be covered here. Appliances,
lamps, and fixtur es have in common
certain items among switches, sock-
ets, etc ., which should be understood
by the home mechanic and which will
contribute to his general fund of
knowledge.

TOP
-- l
SCREW
SECTION

FOR
I"
PIPE
SOCKETS
AN ELECTRICAL socket is a device de-
signed to hold-and make ele ct r ical
cont act with th e bulb. Needless to
s a y, the socket is a n essential it em
whether it be used in th e most ex-
pen s ive lamps a nd fixtures or in
th e dr op cord ty pe of illuminat ion of
gangs t er movi e b a c kr o om f ame .
The regula r variety of socke ts gi ve
little difficulty. When th e socket is
combined wit h a swi tch as in many
la mps the probl em is usually wi th
th e swit ch but call s for r eplacemen t
of th e whol e unit.
F igure 13 shows a standard br ass
socket with a pus h-t hrough switch.
Simil ar sockets a re also a vailable
wit h the pull chain and key handle
switches. Many people pref er th e
pu sh-throu gh type of switc h on floor
la mps a nd home project l amps-
especially thos e th at are not very
heavy. The r eason for this is th at
pulling on a cha in m ay upset th e
lamp or at le a st be annoying. On
gooseneck floor la mps pulling on the
chain may change the position of the
lamp which in turn demands a change
in position of the user-an aggravat-
ing business t o be sure.
Three-way lamp sockets for Edison
base bulbs are similar to th e one
FIGURE 13 - Standard socke t wi th a " push-
through" switch.
SWITCH
OUTLIOT- - --=
SOCKETS
set of pins on each end whi ch m us t
be properly enga ged in t he socket .
Some flu or escent fixtu re s which con-
tain more than one bulb may ha ve
their bulbs connected in series. If
two bulbs are connected in ser ies ,
for example, both will go out if just
one of them would happen to have
a poor connection or work loose in
its socket. The series type of hookup
is used in the older type of Christ-
mas tree la m ps . You know what I
mean-when one goes out the whole
string goes out so you start hunting!
CONFUSION sometimes causes lurnil ine
fixtures to be m istaken for fluores-
cent. As may be seen from Figure 12
a sketch or even a casual glance will
fail to reveal much difference be-
tween a lumiline and a fluorescent
fixture . Lumilines were all the rage
before World War II for installation
a t the sides or top of the bathroom
mirror-just as many fluor escents
are today. There, however, th e simi-
larity ends. The lumiline is an i n-
candescent as it has a filament run-
ning th e ent ir e len gth of the bulb
a nd it dep ends upon th e white heat
of this fil ament to produce light .
Bulbs are available onl y in 40-, and
50-watt size s . Neither the bas es nor
the bulbs the m selves are inter-
change a ble between th e lu miline a nd
fluor escent . If you lik e th e lon g slim
sty le of th e lu miline but a re dis-
satisfied with th e li ght, your only
choice is to r eplace th e enti r e f ix-
ture with fluor escent . Fluorescents
pr oduce about three times as much
light and gen era t e only about one-
four t h as much heat as incandes-
cents for a given wattage.
Fluorescent lamps are a va ila ble
which are made t o appear as fix-
tures . Ma ybe they are fixtures-
excep t for our definitions. At any
r ate th ey look l ike regular fix-
tures but are plugged in instead of
being permanently wired and at-
tached, thus saving th e installer con-
siderable time and eff or t.
Lengthy discussion is not nesessary
to the understanding or repair of
ordinary fluorescent troubles. If the
starter does not cur e the difficulty,
check the bulb for good contact and,
FIGURE 12-A lumiline fixture. Although of t he
i ncandescent type it re s em b I e s fluorescent
fixtures.
CLEANS INSTANTI. Y
There's a Thrill
in Bringing a
Crook to Justice
Through Scient iflc
CRIME
DETECTION
Make n ew gre asel ess donuts
in kitchen. No smoke. Sell
Stores. Half Pro fit . Ca s h
Daily. No expo n ee. FREE
RECIPES. No obli gation.
A. RAY CO.
MINNEAPOLIS 7. MINN.
NEW DISCOVERY
SAVES PLUMBING BILLS
We have taught thousands of men and women this
exciting, profitable, pleasant profession. Let us teach
too, in your own home. I;'repare yourself in your
leisure trme to fill a responsible, steady, well- paid
posi tron in a very short time and at very small cost.
What others have done, you too, can do.
Over 800 of All American.
Ide nt ificat ion Bureaus :..
employ students or graduatesolI.A.S. '
This fascinating work is easy to learn
and the training is inexpensive, You, .
too, can fit yourself to fill a respon-
sible crime detection job with good
pay and steady employment. But don' t delay- get
the details now. Let us show you how easily and com-
pletely we prepare you for this fascinating work;
dunng spare time in your own home. You may pay as
you learn . Wri te today for free Crime Boo k.
FREE I "THE BLUE BOOK OF CRIME"
It's a thriller. Tells about the most in-
teresting crimes-how th ey were solved by methods
taught by l.A .S. Send now. No sa lesma n will call.
INSTITUTE OF APPLIED SCIENCE
(A & It.ool Sine. 1916 )
Dept. 323, 1920 Sunnyside Ave. Chlcaga, IIl1nalo
CHICAGO - Mar. 2nd - Ho m e
Owners. Offices, Apartments, i n-
cluding Faclorie s are constantly
h avi ng t rouhle with c tc mred-up
pipe s wh i ch p rov e s e x pens i v e i n
Costl y Plumbing BllIs _
But n ow-using w a t er Impa ct
a n d Ai r P r e s sur e. here Is a n e w
unll ca lled the P lu m b e r ' s Flush-
ing Gu n , wh tcn c leans a ll line s
up t o 100 ft . It w i1l open env
n umbe r or ben ds In p ipe . Yet
anyon e ca n o ne re te th i s new
e un, which trlR'R"ers easily .
TOILETS . UR I N ALS. S I NKS.
and Fl.OOR DRAI N S e roeeed
w ttb pa ner, r a g s . sand.
and o t her d ehrl s. can b e cl e are d
w ith o n ", o r m ore s hots f ro m t ne
g un. saving the owner, the Gu n ",
price t he first timE' it is used .
This n ew Flushl n Jt Gun may h e
used o n any 112 t o G Inc h waste
p ipe i n dudlng S in k Dr ain s ,
8 II t h tub s . Flnor Dr a in s . Hot
w ater Pipes , Drl nk ln st FountalnA,
Se p ti c Tanks and Urinals. Ob
s t ru<"t ions mett a way TN S1'ANT1.Y
w hen st r uck h y tne h amme r like
b low or t h is new u nit .
Th hl New roun Is
o((ered on 30 D ay s F r e e Trial.
B UT MOS T I MPOnT ANT I S THIS
-What Is this Tool worth in Co .t1y Plumbin g Bill . Saved
In your t tome or b uild i n g . Fo r you r own stood-Tea r t h iA
Ad out now an d write yo u r name and address he sld(> Art
f or Free Hooklet . No Ag e nt w ill ca 1l-0be)' t h at urge. ma ll
now or wri te pos tcard . (Chicago Ph o n e K l1dare 5 1702.)
MILLER SEWER TOOLS, D EPT . WMA. 4638 N. CENTRAL
AVE.. CHICAGO 30. ILLINOIS.
LEARN METALCRAFT
and JEWELRY MAKING
-' , Low Cost Home Training How Avail able
. )/ ? , 1J/ money. Learn profit ab le skllls and
ar t s or decoratfre metal and Icwetrv crafts.

WRITE furnhlhp cI. Sen d for fr e e I t t e r n tur e .
FOR FREE INTERSTATE TRAINING SERVICE
BOOKLET DEPT. K-7 . PORTLAN D 13. OREGON
3605 SO. 15T H AVE.
S4 {( WORKBENCH
cs SPECIALTY MOLDS
Fadory Short (uts give (ustom Look
to "Made-at-Home" ( Iothes
SAVE and EARN money while learning exciting NEW l';"l't
METHODS for Home Dressmaking. Write for FREE
Booklet describing unique home study Sewing Course .
GOOD DRESSMAKING INSTITUTE -
Dept. " '1-:i 8. 11S:!6 gn u vtcente Bl vd .. 1..Qs An gel es CnL
WITH CS
Full-Size
Patterns
Here it is . . . the new slide rule easy and simple
enough for high sc hool students and beginners,
yet completely engraved wi th ! fuJI scales . . . to instantly solve
every day figure problems from simple multiplication to involved
trigonometric formula e. Not a wooden ruler type toy. Instead
this is a brand new genuine Mannheim type slide rule with full
10 in ch engraved scale, precision engineered of fully cured whit e
lifetime plastic. All 9 scales register perfectly. Truly an accurate
figuring machine that saves costl y errors in calculation as well as
hours and ho urs of mental strain. And it is you r s, complete with
fully illustrated high school instruction manual and all weather
polyethylene plastic sheath case , now for only $1.98 postpaid.
USE 10 DAYS ON APPROVAL
To see for yourself what an amazing calculator a fine slide rule
with 9 scales really is . . . to see how quick and easy you. t oo, can
be solving figure problems in as little as one hour ... to understand
why a scientifically engineered slide rule is so helpful in makin g
every day life easier without so much mental strain .. . order on
our 10 day money back on -approval plan. Your choice .. . plain
back slide rule is only $1.98. Back engraved with decimal equiva-
lents and settings is only $2.98. Postpaid . Send cash, check or
money order. No C.O.D. orders filled because of recently in cr eased
C.O.D. postal costs. Use IO days. If not delighted return for money
back. Be sure to state whether you want plain back for $1.98 or
engraved ba ck for $2.98. Final offer. Enclose remittance and mail
your order today to
De pt. SR5, 7640 N. Milwauk ee Ave., Niles. Chicago 31,IIIinois
Here IS the answer, The cteer. complete. followed mstruc-
tions of how to mold al'd sell tbese amazingly low cost. hlgl>
protrt products The slt'addy IIslng demand 101 ornamental con
crete means money-BIG MON[Y- IOl YOU. Rtmarkabty tt\e l '
rens.ve, CMC permanent. Iightwelght high Quality Aluminum
bave a nahonal rteord 01 sales success. Copynghltd
deSigns. USt of manulacture. Catalog 01 over 200SpeCIally
Molds. See tOf yourself . (;#1 the lull cemetete story Ordtr
this bli . fully Illustrated bOok to<1a"
ANTI QUE 32
COPIES
Authentic Coloni al Repr oductions. Easy to
build. just trace and saw OUl. Shelves.
stools. what -not s. etc. Included VnBE : In -
st r uctio ns roe Fast Sh ellac and Wax FIn-
Ishtng. Send !I tortayI
HOW TO TURN CONCRETE INTO GOLD
Co m p u t e s taxes.
payroll deductions,
s izes , materials
needed, areas,
costs, cubes, esti-
mates, percentages.
handicapping data,
hundreds of daily
uses in business.
sports, building,
farming, contract-
ing, a ccounting, en-
gineering, educa-
tion, armed forces,
aviation. auto me-
chanics, repairing,
home workshops.
s eJIing, manufac-
turing, space war-
fare, etc., etc ., etc.
YOUNG COMPANY,
VOSBURY PATT ERNS
L,,;,;WII,jW 540 Conkli n Ave., Binghamton _ N. Y.
FIGU RE 14-A noncon d ucti ng link which ma y be
used in pull chains to eli minate the possibility
of shock.
shown in Figure 13 except that the
switch is of the r otary type and must
pr ovide for three positions of " on."
Not e that th e so cket shell (Figure
13) is made in two pieces. This is
to perm it access to the inside for
wiring the switch. The bottom of the
socket is fit te d t o r ecei ve a Vs-inch
pipe. This knowl edge is especially
valua ble when making your own
lamps. R iddle time ! - Question :
When is Va inch not lis inch? Answer :
When it r efers to pipe diameter. It
see ms that neither th e inside nor
the outside di ameter of this pipe
measures Vs inch. The outside di-
a meter is % inch a nd the inside
dia met er is a pp ro xim a t ely 1f4 inch.
Bottoms are available made to re-
ceive 3fs-inch pipe. This pipe has an
outside diameter of 5fs inch and is
not as common as the lis-inch pipe.
Lock nuts a r e made for use with
both sizes of pipe to anchor them
in place .
Because of the similarity of con-
struction and the interchangeability
of parts, changing types of switches
is very ea sy. If the type of switch
operation on a particular lamp socket
of this variety does not appeal to
you, it can usually be changed :vith-
out disturbing the bottom-that IS by
removing only the top of the shell
a nd the ins ide portion. Also a one-
way l amp can ea s ily be converted
int o a three-way or vice versa.
Figure 14 shows a device which
may be used in the chain of a pull
chain type of switch on both lamps
and fixtures. The beaded chain is
simply cut a nd the ends attached to
the link. The link is made of an elec-
trical insulator (nonconductor of elec-
tricity) and removes any chance for
a shock that might be received und e r
some co nditions by touching the
metal chain. This is a n es pecially
good idea in the bathroom or kitchen
where wet hands increase the poss i-
bility of shock.
"Y" shaped sockets are also avail-
able into which two bulbs or elec-
trical plugs can be screwed. The
com bina t ion light socket and double
cur r en t tap is a crony of the "Y"
socket. Regular use of these fuse
MAR C H AP RIt, 1 9 5 8 55
MOUNT I NG
;-SURFACE
REAR.
lOCI<,
NUT
TERMINALS
{.. OR ELECTR,ICAL
"""7
L OCK
NUTS
FRONT
LOCK

ROTARV

FIGURE 16 -0ne type of push-pull swit ch.
impossible to fix these miniature
swi t ches .
The canopy switches (Figure 15)
are the most compact of all. Ther e
are no external provisions for con-
necting wires to these canopy
switches but they come with the
leads already attached. Both the pull
chain style and the rotary type are
very popular. Some people find the
rotary type objectionable because of
the small stem size.
Push-pull switches (Figure 16) op-
erate just as the name implies. The
switch is " on " when the pr oj ect ing
arm is pulled out and "off" when it
is pushed in.
The term toggle switch (Figure 17)
is not exclusive with these midgets.
A toggle switch is one that is oper-
ated by pushing the projecting arm
up or down or from one side to the
other. The common wall switch is
another example of a toggle switch.
Figure 19 shows the application of
solderless connectors or "wire nuts"
as they are often called. When ap-
plied properly they will make a good
mechanical and electrical connec-
tion. You may frequently see them
in lamps or fixtures or you may wish
to use them yourself in order to do
away with the muss and fuss of
FIGURE IS -The mounting of a midge t swit ch.
In the above drawing some th reads a re shown
e xposed. This may be eliminated by placing t he
lock nut s furth er forward, thus allowing th e
switch to sit fa rth e r beh ind th e mount ing
surface.
FIGURE 17-A midget toggle switch.
l
SI DE VI EW
ROTARY CANOPY
SWITc H ___
LEAOS ---__
FIGURE 15-Two types of canopy swi tches.
blowing ai ds should be avoided as
they do not cure the basic trouble-
skimpy wiring in the building-and
people have a habit of overloading
them beyond their capacity.
SWITCHES
THE HOME electrical mechanic has a
variety of switches from which he
may choose t o aid him in his work.
Among those common in lamps and
fixtures a re : canopy switches, Fig-
ure 15 ; push-pull switch, Figure 16;
toggle switch, Figure 17. Because of
their compact size these are gener-
ally con sid ere d midget switches.
They require a mounting hole ap-
proximately 3fs inch in diameter and
fasten by tightening two lock nuts.
Figure 18 shows how these switches
are mounted.
Care should be taken to note the
voltage and amp e l' age rating on
these switches. Not all of these
switches-even those th a t appear
similar-necessarily have the same
rating. Early failure may be en-
countered if care is not taken to use
a switch adequate for the job. Large
floor lamp wattage, in particular,
may be larger than is suspected if
not checked. When these switches go
bad, replacement is in order. It is
im pr act ical and in some cases even
l. L " _","
..... '-
STEWART CLAY CO., Inc. , Dept. WB-G
133 Mulberry Street New York 13, N. Y.
National Society
for
Crippled Ch il d r e n and Ad u lts
11 So. La Salle Chica go 3
Old Lines Expanded-
New Lines Added
STEWART CLAY'S
90th ANNIVERSARY CATALOG
(Since 1867)
Hundreds of Illustrations
Over 336 Main Topics
Chock-full of the most up-to-date selection of money
saving materials and supplies ever assembled in one
volume.
Some of the it ems th is BIG Catalo g
Conta ins:
Sculpture Suppl ies Mosa ics, Wheel s,
Modeling Mat eria ls Books
Ceram ic Suppl ies (osting Mat eria l
Enamel'g Mat erial POffer y Supp li es
Kilns and Clays Chemicols
Glau s, Clay , Slip Tools, Brushes
Send 25c 10 cover p o st a ge a nd
handl i n g [or you r C' opy 0/ ' his
big ca ta log f, OW!
J3
11
.. Free
Catalog
Just Off the Press
Fully illustr at ed
108 pages. shows
three hundred and
seventy-five items
of int erest to both
men and women
- special fishing
tackle. foot wear ,
clot hing, leather
and ca nvas spe-
cialt ies, many of
our own manufac-
'- --Jture.
L L. Bean, Inc., 241 Main SI., Freeport, Maine
Mfn . Fishing and Camping Specialties
56 W 0 RK BEN CH
BUILD BEAUTIFUL COLO:-:IAI.
decora ti ve fur nis hings. A Sheraton curio
and f igu ri ne shelf, 26" high, with a ra re
f re t work desilfn of a beautiful classic urn.
Plus twelve other f ull Aiu plan s including
a spoon rack. a miniature eerou-tcp cor-
ner cup boa r d. a neat spice box.
Order toda y, Onl y $f .
money-bark
OLD SOUTH PATIERN COMPANY
Box 11143. Charlotte 9, N. C.
No investment, no experi ence
needed . Ju st show magic cu shion
comfort to friends. neighbors. co-
work ers. Advance commi ssions to
$4.00 a pair, plus Cosh 80n us.
Pa id Vacation, $25 .00 Reword
Offer . Outstanding vclu es for men,
women . children . Money ba ck
Cushioned
nev 84 loge catalog and full details.
TANNERS SHOE CO., 710, Brockl on, Mass.
Cuts Perfect Circl es with
Exclu sive Cir cle. Cutter Cuts wit h Excl usive Rip -Gau ge
"Arr o Ji g-Raw". guarant eed to nt every JA" drill , cuts any
patt ern in woods. pIaROcH. me ta ts-c-even cuts 2x4' s ! HaR same
eapactty and out per forms th e mos t expensive sa ws because or
ARCO' a excl usi ve ad ju stabl e Cir cl e-Cutt er (up to 20" dlam.j
.. $1095
6 Extra Assorted Blades for wood, plas t ics, meta ls....$1.95
Conver ts to Table Model wit h " ArcoSta nd"
st urdy cast ing and clamp : $2.95
At Your Dealer or or der direct on our 20.day Money
Back Guarantee. s end chec k. (ppd .) f'. 0 . D. plu s post .
ARROW METAL PRODUCTS CO.
Depl. WB. 3J . 421 West 203 51. New York 34. N. Y.
...bringshome
alittlecloser
April Is usa Month
BACK US UP WITH USO
"ARCO JIG-SAW" cuts any shape, any materilll
I I
..
WIRES TO BE WIRE
'0'"" 1 / NUT
1

(END/ _ .. . _ . . '"
IY1 FIXTURE IV1
OPfN'7
J
' I
I I
I I
soldering. They are also easier to
remove should the need arise. These
connectors are composed of a plastic
cap containing a metal insert. You
a re usua ll y cautioned about twist ing
the wires t ogether before a pplying
the co nnecto r. The reason for thi s is
that the wire nut twists the wires
as needed when it is a pplied by
exerting a slight pressure and t urn-
ing as you would a regular nut. Fur-
thermore, these connectors are made
in different sizes according to the
size wire they are to be used on ;
twistin g beforehand may r equi re that
a diff erent size be us ed.
RECESSED FIXTURES
RECESSED CEILING fixtures take advan-
tage of the fact that there is unused
space between the joists in the ceil-
ing (Figure 20) . Regular fixtures a r e
mounted ex t er na lly and are fastened
in various ways to an outlet box.
When recessed fixtures are installed
in a house that is already completed,
care must be taken in cutting t hrough
the pl aster or wallboard. Some types
co m e complete with brackets for at-
tachment direct to the joists while
others must be "framed in," l.e. , a
wooden supporting frame built to
hold the fixture to the joists.
LAMPS
BY THEIR very definition lamps are
ea sier to pla ce and more easily ac-
FIGURE 20- The bulk of a reces sed ce iling
fi xture is co ncealed in t he spoce between the
joists.
FIGURE 19-By turning clockwise and with fo r.
wa rd pressure a wir e nut can make a solid
electrical and mechanical connection .
M AR CH APR IL , 1958 57
Enough
Toy Ideas
to last
ALifetime!
NURSERY
CHARACTERS
NOVELTIES
ANIMALS
PUPPETS
DOLLS
==--:= -
ORDER SEVERAL COPIES
. . . makes a wond erful gift
for needleworker friends !
BIG NEWS! Over 50 " Toy Charmers" join Popu-
lar Sock Monkey and Elephant Family!
Make TOY5 from inexpensive Red Heel and
other type socks. Trim them with scrap bag
odds and ends. Stuff plump with old nylons
or li nt from your drier! Simple, step-by-step,
illustr ated instructions. Special Section 0/
Tips and T ricks.
onl
y
$l per
copy
tfFOREIGN BARGAINS"
Now! Get Foreign Bargains
from all over the world!
Bargain tro m Ge r ma ny , J ap a n . Ita l y . Hot\1),
Kong, I nd ta . etc . . et c.
ACTUAL NAMES AND A DDRESSES !
Compl et e in for n atl on on HOW to BUY Direct
fr om Over seas . (It' s Easy!)
Many over seas firms looki ng for repr esentati ves.
sa lesmen.
Many off er drop ship items-even complete drop
shi p illu strat ed cata logs of toreinn produ cts .
Most off ers willing to sell sa mple units.
Terrifi c Profi ts in gay exotic it ems : 65c cl ock se lls
fOr $5.DO! $1.7 5 watch sells for S7. 9S! Oth er t er-
r if ic it ems too num er ous to mention !
Ou r n ow nnpcr I s worth Its wet srh t In goo l d ! Tho u-
sa nd ,. at r vn d v on o u r f; u h "iC' r i p ti o n Ji s t. A t r (' -
rnenrto us, n e w fi e ld to opernte . Reg'.
p r-ic e Is per y ear. I NTROtl UC.
TORY OF F F.tL .r u s t $2.00 for one vcar- . (W hy
p a v 11101'(' ro r- cou r-se s , h onks . (' te. ?1
"Foreign Bargains," Box 591 -D, Lynn, Mass.
BE FIRST with these CLEVER Toy Items!
Low-Cost Gifts . .. Bazaar Money-Makers!

8A,.U A FfJ'M Dept . 338, 741 Devon Ave.
r",,-""v" If Park Ridge, Illinois
Enclo sed is $ for copies of
: How 10 Make SOCK TOYS.
: NAME.............................. . .
: ADDRESS .
CITY STATE. .
__ L
"Jo ' enset"" /
--="a........ CLAMPS
and hold your work
en
Th ese and many
other designs de-
scr ibed in lit er a-
1iV l ure sent FREE
, 11 " :>-"'':'- upon request. For
big, 3 2 p age
.T ?T';

/ADJUSTABLE CLAMP CO.
the damp f ol k,! 415 N. Ashla nd Chica go 22, III.
cessible for repair than fixtures . I n
time, of course, lamp cords become
worn and need replacing but aside
from this and some structural de-
fects caused by use, the major com-
plaint with table, pin-up, and similar
lamps is the switch . Floor lamps,
although more complex, suffer from
th e same maladies . Beca us e their
cor ds are can tinu a u sly in contact
with th e floor and subject to a va-
r iety of misplaced feet this point
must be watched rather closely. Con-
st a nt vibration from the floor is
oft en the cause of bulbs working
loos e in their so ckets and even in-
ternal connections becoming loose.
Successful servicing of a floor la m p
often depends la r gely on mechanical
ability. In r epl a ci ng most switches,
for example, it is necessary to get
at t he switch from t he inside. It is
sometimes a myst er y as t o exactly
how some lamps are put t ogether .
Remove all brea kabl e it ems before
working on t he la m p. You may be
hard put t o get a duplicate for a
broken light diff us er or such a nd
your wife will ne ver settle for less.
Since there are so many different
types of floor la mps no one pro-
cedure would cover the disassembly
of all . A multiple light floor lamp
usually represents a fair investment
and so its maintenance a nd repair
should also rate a fair portion of
r eason and attention.
TROUBLE SHOOTING SUMMARY
THE FIRST ca us e for suspicion in in-
operative lighting devices is usually
th e bulb. This is bec ause it naturally
has the shor te st lif e span of any of
th e comp 0 n e n t s . In in candescent
bulbs the fil ament eve nt ua lly de-
teriorates and we say it has " bur ned
out." Another leading contender for
causes of trouble in a la m p, howev er,
is that it has become unplugged or
else the plug is not making a good
connection in the outlet. Bulbs work-
ing loose in their sockets also cause
cons ider a ble troubl e. Switches usu-
ally begin to give errati c operation
bef ore th ey become t otall y useless-
but not always. If th e current flo w-
ing through a swit ch is more than
t he switch can properl y handle, the
contacts may act ually become burned
or they may melt ( " fr eeze" ) t o-
get he r . Loos e connecti ons a nywhere
along the el ectric al circuit m a y cause
erratic oper a tio n or t ot al fai lure. In
extr eme cases a short m ay develop
internally or in the case of la mps
more likely in a worn lin e cord. This ,
of course, will cost you a fuse. It is
truly remar kable , th ough, the num-
ber of peopl e who will compla in about
a bl own fuse as if it we re mor e ex-
pensive th an the house!
Just as a matter of inter est, those
yello w a nt i-bug bulbs you see a r e not
a s pecia l death r a y for insects . Th e
bu gs ca nnot see this type of light and
hence stay a way.
NEXT : PART VII : MO'T'ORS AND
MOTION PRODUCING APPLI-
ANCES
$4.95 value
Yours fer
only $2.00
If you are th e tale nted a ut hor
of a n unpu blished manuscr ipt,
let us he lp gain th e recognit io n
you deserve. We w i ll p ub li. h
you r BOOK-we w ill edit , de.ig n,
print, p romote , adver tis e and
Jell it l Good ro va lties,
W ri'e for FREE co p y of
How To Publish Your Book
COMET PRESS BOOKS. Dt pl. PH.3
200 Yorick 51.. H. Y. 14
Convert Your
W' Drill to
%" Capacity
Special - Both Items $3.00 Ppd.
CC MANUFACTURING CO., Dept. WB38
44 50 Ravenswood Chicago 40, Illinois
IImttzlng DELUXE Y2"
CHUCK ADAPTER
SAYE
on LUMBER
wi,h 'he LOW-COST
BELSAW PLANER
Convert Rough and
Random Si ze Lumber .........
Into Cabi net Fi nis he d
Stock
Now anyone can make perf ect cab ine t fini shed stock from
low-cost rough lumber . .. any size up to 12'A inches wide
and 6 inches th ick. Turn out high grade finished mate rial
at a fraction of the cost you pay lumber yards. Big 42.
Inch l ong bed ... BELSAW self - feeds al14 to 34 feet
per minute.
USE THIS ONE LOW COST MACHINE for Planing
Jointing, Sawing, Milling, Tongue and Groove
You can easily make flooring , siding and many ot her pop.
ular patterns. Your Belsaw quickly pays for itself with
savings on raw material s and profits on fini shed st ock. ..
a highly profitable machine for custom work. Compare
Belsaw with any 12inch planer on the market . .. You get
more essent ial features - yet save $50 .00 to $125.00.
SEND FOR FREE LITERATURE
BELSAWMACHINERY CO, 2188 Field8ldg., Ka nsas CilyII, Mo.
Her e' s t he perfect t ool (or yo ur home workshop.
Hol ds any s ize dr ill bits from 1/1 6" to '/:," . New
f ool-proof frict io n- type g r ip. Exact tole r ances
make this precis ion-mac h in ed c huc k vibrn tt on -
free. J us t s li p in and use!
Sav e $3.00. Order yours TODAY !
AND FOR THE " LI TTLE WOMAN" -
A REAL BACK SAVER!
oJust $1.00

No Bending !.J
No Stooping
NEW HANDY BASKET STAND attae hes t o a ny
basket--ends be nding and s to opi ng. Brings work
to proper heig ht a n d el imin a tes bac k strai n. Use
for was hing. ironi ng and car ry ing c lothes t o t he
line. On or off in seconds. Weig hs on ly 14 oz.
Ma de of s t u r dy m et a l. Folds for easy storage.
Chuck Adapter $2.00 plu s 25c post .esre $2.25
Ba sket Stand $I.OO pl us 25c postaee $1.25
LEARNPLASTICS
_
=-' s , Complete LOW COST Shop Method
- HOME TRAINING NOW AVAILABLE
\A Get i n on Hilt Moner ounortunl tle s In
- Pl asti c mol ding, ca st in it. rormina. carv -
I .
All pl a stic materials I u r rrlsh ed .
INTERSTATE TRAINING SERVICE
BOOKLET DEPT. C.7 PORTLAND 13, OR EGON
58 WORKBENCH
It's Done With Mirrors
KEN MURRAY
Painting With A Mirror
WHEN YOU can't see around a corner where there are
surfaces to be painted, a small pocket mirror tem-
porarily attached to the brush ferrule with a rubber
band will do the trick. With it you can watch what
you're painting and there will be no chance of missing
some spots for the weather to get at.
Simple Inspection Mirror
A 5-CENT POCKET mirror and a 5-cent wooden dowel rod
are easily combined to make a long-handled inspection
mirror that is useful in the workshop as well as in a
small manufacturing plant. All you need do is cut three
notches near one end of the dowel. Each notch, made
with a coping saw, is just wide enough to take the edge
of the mirror. They are cut at three different angles to
hold the mirror in different positions.
PUBLICATIONS YOU CAN GET FROM UNCLE SAM
CAMP STOVES AND FIREPLACES-This publication
lists and discusses many types of camp stoves and
fireplaces, including barbecue pits and ovens. It
provides information on general design problems,
details of design, materials for construction, varia-
tions in design and other useful data on location,
design, construction and use of these facilities. 89
pages; 50 cents. Catalogue No. Y 3.Em 3:2 C 15.
PAINT MANUAL-Homeowners as well as painting
contractors will find this a useful and instructive
tnanual. It covers in detail th e proper methods to be
used in preparing different types of surfaces for
painting ; explains what kind of paints to use for
various jobs; and describes accepted methods of
applying base and finish coats to wood, metal, and
concrete, both inside and out. Paint and varnish
compositions are given, and numerous Federal paint
specifications are listed. 203 pages; $1.75 (cloth
bound). Catalogue No. I 27.19:P 16/953.
BETTER LAWNS - ESTABLISHMENT, MA INTEN ANCE,
RENOVATION, LAWN PROBLEMS, AND GRASSES-This
booklet tells how to establish, maintain and renovate
a lawn; gives suggestions for coping with lawn prob-
lems such as weeds, diseases and insects; and pro-
vides descriptions of various grasses and ground
cover plants. 31 pages; 15 cents. Catalogue No.
A 1.77:51.
LIGHT FRAME HOUSE CONSTRUCTION-Most of the
chapters in this bulletin offer information relating to
the type jobs which constantly recur in the building
of houses. The subjects dealt with in these chapters
include foundation sills and girders; columns, joists
and bridging ; walls, partitions, and roofs; floors,
sheathing, siding, and shingles; interior trim, and
other miscellaneous items. The remaining chapters
deal with framing methods for small buildings,
characteristics of wood, and grading of lumber. 214
pages; 60 cents. Catalogue No. FS 5.123:145.
Unless otherwise indi cated. all publi cations listed above may be
ordered from the Superintendent of Documents. Government Printing-
Office. Washington 25 , D.C. Be sure to include the catnlosrue number
as well as the title of ea ch publication ordered. Payment should be
made by chec k or money order payable to the Superintendent of
Documents or by document coupons which are sold in sets of twenty
for $1. Postage stamps will not be accepted.
MAR C H- APR IL. 1 9 58 59

r. Workbench A

The r-harrre (OL' r.Jassi fiec1 advertisemen ts is 70 ce nts a word payab le in a dvn noe bv check.
cas h or money or de r. All c lass i fi ed set so li d. withou t dis play , lea ded. or blank s pa ce . All co py
s ubjec t to pu blis he r's approval. For cl ar it y, pl ease ty pe or print your co py . Be sure thu t uhec k.
c urrency or mo ne y orde r accompa nies copy. Wh en figur ing t he number of wo rds be sun' to
includ e nam e and address. For example : W. C. J on es . is three words. Send yo ur copy in "It
once . Clos ing da te for c lass i fied adve rtis i ng is the firs t of the secon d mon th p reced i u g nuhli c a rlou.
Mi nimum 10 wo rds .
" 50 NEW Ide a' " Booklet .
sample Free. Spray exotic Velvet-Suede on any-
thing. Flockcr afr-Ml-l , Los Angel es 61.
GROW EXPENSIVE Herb s for Us! Big Profit
Home-Business of your ow n. Year around pro f-
irunitv: \Ve supply everyrhi ng necessary! Send for
Free Amazi ng Fact s and Revealing Pla n. Na rional
Herb Exchange . Box MH. Garde na. Calif.
GRO\X-' A livi ne Min iature Forest or orchard ( only
inches high ) . that bears tasty ri nv fruit at home .
Learn arnaaine Dwarf ine secrets! Sensati onal Pas-
cinari ne hobby, 55 S Home-business Opportunity.
Free Detail s! M in iat u re Nurseries, Dept. MH, Gar-
de na. Calif.
CLIP VALUABLE newspaper items. Hun dreds worth
25c to 5. 00. Stead y income . Dor co, Box 494.
Mun cie. Ind.
MAKE MONEY Writing Shorr Paragraphs! No
tedious study. I tell you what to write. where and
how to sell: and supp ly li st of ed irors buv inc from
begi nner s. Man y srna ll checks add uo qui ckl y. Wr ire
to sell . r ieht awa v. Send for free fact s. Benson
Barre tt . De pt . C9N: 7464 Cl ark , Ch icago 26 .
$:1 .00 HOUR . Making, fi tti ng. Comfort Sanda ls,
Youngs. 130 S PH Sourh First . Arcadi a. Cal if.
MAKE FLEXIBLE mold s. Cast plaques. figu ri ne' .
Free samp le. Tooker, Fair view. Hamil ton.
Ohi o.
AG ED HOMEWORKER nets s100 weekly ! Free
Pl an " Secret Journal Hidden Doll ars. " Work home!
PublicoF Y2. Ocean side . Cali f.
AGENTS AND SALESMEN
FREE FOLlO " 5.000- 4 5.000; Vacat ion s Un-
limited . " Work home spa rerime! Haylings-PHH.
Car lsbad. Cal if.
BEAUTIFUL Feat her Pictures! Free Details. Sample
20c Stamps. Apartado 1668. Mex ico I . D.F.
CASH COMMI SSIONS at once. tak ing orders for
magazines every family wants! No experie nce neede d.
For Free mon ey-makin g kit, wi th everything you
need . wr ite t-lcGregor Magazine Agen cy. De pt . 440.
Mount Morri s. 111.
MAKE CLEANERS. Pol ishe s. Cos metics. Anything!
Literature Free ! Kern ixon , Par k Ridge. 111.
RUN SPARE. TIME Greet ing Ca rd and Gift Shop
at home . Show frie nd s sam ples of our wonderful
new 195 8 AU-Occasion Greeting Ca rds an d Gifts.
Take their orders and earn up to 100 % profit. N o
expe rience necessary. Costs nothing ro try. \'Vrite
today for samples on approval. Regal Greeti ngs,
Dept. 62. Fernda le. Mi ch .
FREE SAMPLES! Beauti ful Feather Pictures. Syl viaw,
Aparrado 9036. Mexi co I. D. F.
ARTIFICIAL FLOWERS
BIG PROF ITS. Make fast-seller cheniUe holiday
flowers, monkey trees, doll s. Kit s, materials. Lit er a-
rure free. Velva. Boh emi a 19 . N . Y.
'PRESERVE FLOWERS Indefinitely. Ple asant . Prof
irable , Eight rested me th od s. Arr crafrs, lOSt. J ohn
Road. Se. An dr ews. N. B. Ca nada.
COMPLET E COURSE for flower making in our 5
volumes of Flower Craft Books. only $4.00. Learn
to use woodfibcr, f ibertex, velva tex, crepe pape r,
cheni lle. 356 Pages containi ng actual size patterns
with easy, si mplified instruct ions. Flower Suppl ies
at righr prices. Write for free cata logu e. Dealerships
available if you can qu alif y. Douglass Fiber & Flower
Co.. 10 2 1 Farene Street . I ndianapoli s. In d.
CASH FROM Wood Fibre-New " Bus iness at
He-me" success tormul a booklet with \Vholesale
Catal oe, 50c- r eaturi ng Rarnon ts Wood Fibre.
complete line Flower Suppl ies. Bur D irect. Flora l-
craft In J usrr ies-c--Bo x 26, Prince Street Station.
New Yor k 12. New York .
WOO D FIBRE For Artificial Flowers 22 \l2c pack
in cuanr irics. Lowest pri ces on fiber . leaves and
che ni Ue. Free price list. Howercraft, Box 38 6 2P.
Seattle. Wa shingto n.
ARTIFICIAL FLOWER MATERIAL. For Easte r
StrrafO;Am crosses. V inyl flowers. \'\'oodf ibrc. Cr epe-
paper. Lea ves. Ce nters. Free Jist. Dafi . 60 35F Cer-
mak . Ci cer o. Il l.
EARN MONEY Making Ever-Lasting. Real istic Pla s-
tic Plant s and Flowers. Easy to make, easie r to sell!
Send for Free ill ustrated catalog plus bookle t "How
to Make Mon ey Selling Pl asti c Pl an ts. " Lady Carol.
Inc.. Dept. Lc-60 . 2 11 S. W . 28 1h Sr. . Fr. Lauder-
dale . Fla.
BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES
TO $100.00 Weekl y. Spare rirne , Home Oper at ed
Mailorder Business. Successful "Beg inner's" Plan.
Everyth ing Supplied. Lynn . 104 20 -W N ati on al .
Los An gel es. 34 .
60 WORKBENCH
MAIL ORDER- advert ising agencr execu tive reveals
sensational no-r -i sk ad ver ti si ng and merchandise
met hods. Start in office or home-mi ni mum capt-
tal-positive profits. Free details : I mpact ! 3i07
Prospect . Dept . 4 34. Cl evel and 15. Ohi o.
70 WEEKLY-home. spate ti me. Simpli fied . mail
bookkee ping. Immedi ate income-casy! Audirax,
34757R, Los Angel es 34 .
MON EYMAKING OPPORTUNITI ES Galore! Free
Copy. Popul ar Mechan ics Cla ssified. 6i 5 North St.
Cl air . Chi cago II.
PLASTERCRAFT MOLDS. l iquid rubber, plasters.
flocks. candle supplies. Cata log and ma nu al fr ee.
Blue Rapids Supp ly. 50 5 Main. Blue Rapids.
Kansas.
W RITE VERSES for Profit. 300 greet ing card .
magazi ne markets. Information free. Hobb ies,
1603-A-22 Sun Vall ey. Aust in. Minn.
10 PROFIT IN an Hour possible with t he " Mag ic
Won der Meth od " of In visible Reweaving. Ideal
home business, steady year 'round demand. Detail s
Free. IRI 84 11 H La Mesa Blvd.. La Mesa. Calif.
560.00 WEEKLY. spa rerime-easy! Home Ven eti an
Blin d Laundr y. Free Book. Burn. 24 34 1'0 W ichita
13. Kansas.
HOME-IMPORT Mail Order Business-Import prof-
itable items bel ow whol esale. Experience and product
investment unne cessary. Full , spare ti me. Famous
world trader guides you. Free list " 15 7 imports . ",
det ail s. Mell inger. P943. Los Angel es 24 .
FREE FOLIO " 5.000- .i ) .OOO, Unlimited Vaca-
tions. " No merchandi se, \Xlork home ! Hayfings-
PH 2. Carl sbad . Calif.
LEARN PHOTO- N EGATI VE ( Portra it) retouch-
ing. Men , Wome n. 5 hour possible spare or full
rime ar home . Easy. glamorou s. Wotk for Photog-
raphers by mail order. Full detai ls se nt free. Duval ,
100 So. Vermont . Los An geles 4.
MA KE NEW Greaseless Doughnuts in kitchen.
Sell stores. Free recipes. Alfred Ray. 360 5 Sou th
15rh . Minneapoli s 7. Minn.
$250.00 WEEK spa re t ime profit possible . Earn
at home with new fascinati ng Printin g method. 5
starts you-send no money now. Free Confidential
Facts and Valu able Samples. Screen -Pri nt. MH , Los
Angeles 6 1.
INVISI BLE REWEAVING. Men -Wome n. I nstruc-
tions shi pped for no-risk examin ation. 5 in an
hour possible. Spare-full time . Reweave burns.
rears, moth-h ole s like new at home . Free details .
Skil -Weave. Dept. C-53 . 335 W . Madi son St..
Chicago 6.
RUBBER FOR MOL DS. Extr a Thick. Free Sample.
W. Woole r . ] O]6-P Don ald. Peori a. 111.
BREED RARE Tropi cal Fi sh at home . Earn big
Money! Learn secrets! He lp fi ll huge demand.
Amazing opportunity! Free Plan. Trop ical Fish
Breede rs. MH . Los An geles 61. Calif.
GROW OR CHIDS at home. Profitabl e. fascin atin g.
Successful home gro wer exp lai ns special light . rem-
per atur e and hum idit y conditions orchids need. Free
-full det ail s. Orch ids. 100 S. Ve rmont. Los An gel es 4 .
W ANT TO Make Big Mon ey At Home? SI 0.00
profit in an hour possib le wi th Invisible Mendi ng.
Make tears. hol es disappear from clo thi ng, fabrics.
Steady year- 'round demand from cleaners, laundries,
homes. Detail s Free. Fabr icon , 6258 Broadway.
Chi cago 4 0. Ill.
REBUILD BATTERIES. Repair Doll s; Make Rub be r
Stamos. Catalogue " 75 Ideas" Free. Universal Box
1076-P. Peori a. 111.
LIQUID RUBB ER-Make flexible molds . Free
Sample. Cha ney. 19 07-D East Road . J ackson vill e
I I . Fla.
LET ME Sell Your Pr oducts N ati on all y. I'll send you
free infor matio n on how to establish full time
sparerime Casecraf r Business. You Build ! ' X'e Sell;
Abar si. 807 DJ Sunset. Los An geles 12. Cali f.
MOTEL-RESORT Management - Qu alify for hun -
dred fascin at ing. lei surel y, well -paid executive open-
ings. Learn at home. Free booklet. Morel Man agers
Train ing School . Dep t. P73C. 61 2 S. Serrano. Los
An gele s 5.
ANYONE CAN Sell famou s Hoover Uniforms for
beauty sho ps, waitresses, nurses, doctor s. othe rs. All
popul ar miracle fabrics-nylon, dacron. Exclusive
seyle.s, top quali ty. Big cash income now, real future.
Equip ment free . Hoover. Dept. C-11 2. New Yor k
II . New York.
YO U MIGHT make a fortun e! 200 W ant ed In-
vent ions and How to In vent Them. Free brochure.
MCB. 122 1A W est Minnehaha Pkwy. Minneapolis,
Minn .
WAXES FLOORS wit hou t " Wax," New Invent ion .
No more floo r wax to buy. Sensati onal seller.
Samples sent on tr ial. Krisree I 17 . Akr on. Ohio.
CAS H PAID for simple. local informati on ' Work
home - anywhere - city, rural. Publ ishers, Box
I I -KM . Uni on Cit y. New Jer sey.
OPERATE SUCCESSFUL Mail order Business. Irn-
POrt merchandi se, no invent orv-e--ear ni ngs unlimited.
De ra ifs Free . \X'rife Whitaker. 101 Ram ona . Vaca-
ville . CaJif. Dept. WB.
SPARETIME CASH at home fili ng saws bv mac hine.
Free pl an rell s how. Barr ett E. Foley Co. Columbia
Height s. Minn. .
CAMERAS AND PHOTOGRAPHIC SUPPLIES
FREE! FREE! Send for your new 52 page Photo-
graphic Bargain Book. Over 5.000 new and used
items at huge savi ngs. For your Free Bargain Book,
wri te to Dept , 83. Ce nt ra l Ca mera Co. 230 So.
W abash . Ch icago 4. 111.
JEWELRY AND FINDINGS
JIGSAW PATTERNS plus Al phabets S1.00,
Barebo, O'Fall on 3. Mo.
FREE J EW'ELRY Ca raloc. Make, sell be aut ifu l cos-
rume jewelry, Beck. 62 Van Houren , Pat erson , N . J ,
COSTUME JEW ELRY Sucpli es. Swi ngs, Rh ine -
stones, et c. 88 page ill ust ra ted catalog . 25c, Milady,
Box 1328, G,P.O.. N.Y.C. ( 1) ,
MAKE MON EY at Home Assembling our items.
No rools, sewi ng or experience nece ssary. Lee Mfg.
Depr. 6 , 8507-W 3rd, Los Angele s 48, Calif.
B'!Y WHOLESALE! Di scounts to 80 %! Gifts, Ap-
pliances. Housewares. Tool s. Warches, ere, Midwest ,
BW-1 56. Pontiac, III.
MAKE YOUR Ow n Party Favors or Easter Nov.
elrie s, Complete ki ts with styro foa m. Instructions, and
Patterns I each, or send 10 c for catalogue and
inf ormarion on how to get starred in the party favor
busine ss. Foam Fantasy Company, 14 15 East Gen-
esee , Sagin aw, Mi ch.
SAVE MONEY-"The Me at Buying Guide " gives
facts for economical Self-Serv ice meat buying. Save
to 30 %. Complete S1. 00. W ill iams, Box 4 12,
Dept. W , Milton Juncti on, Wis.
OLD GOLD & JEWELRY WANTED
PARTY PLANNING, FAVORS
I WILL PAY 10 0.00 eac h for 192-1 Ic green
Franklin stamps, rot ary perfora ted eleven ( up to
S1,000 each unused ) . Send 20c for large iIIu5-
tr ated folder s showing amazi ng price s paid for
old stamps. co ins and collections. Baker-St amps,
65- W BE-38, Oradell , New J ersey.
OLD STAMPS WANTED
HIGHEST CASH for Old Gold Broken Jewelry,
Gold Teeth, .Waeches.. Diamon ds: Sil ver ware , Spec-
tacles. Free Information . Rose Ref iners Heyworth
Bldg., Ch icago 2, III. '
S200. MONTHLY POSSIBLE, Sewing Bab ywear!
No house sell ing! Send stamped, addressed envel ope,
Curies, Wa rsaw 4. Indian a.
books. Free
Milwaukee,
CLOCK repairing
American, 2322-E
INSTRUCTION
WATCH AND
cat alog. North
Chicago 47, 111.
UNFINISHED WOODENWARE fr om the En-
cha nt ed For est. Buy d irect and save on birch bowls,
(fays. servers , planters. etc. Free catalog featuring
Finishing Instruct ions. \Vrirc : Adir onda ck Sou-
ven irs , Old For ge I , New York.
LEARN ART Meral cr aft and jewelr y making.
Comolere, inex pen sive . home training course now
avai lable. Soecial cools and materi als furni shed .
W rire for free booklet. Inter state Training Servi ce.
Dept. L-7 , Portla nd 13. Or egon .
LEARN PLASTICS Fabrica tio n For spa re lime in-
come. Low cos t home training now avai lable. Wrire
for free book let. l nrersrare Training Service. Dept.
D-7 , Port land 13, Or egon .
30 BIRD house and feeder patte rns for Mar tin s,
Wrens. ere, Onl v s1.00. Mastercr afr, 3 16 B, 704 1
Olc ott , Ch icago I. 111.
COSTUlII E JEWELRY setti ngs, find ings, rhine-
scones . pearls. Rh in eston e ear r ina ki t and C' ualmwe
50c. Illustr ated catalog I Oc. Hom-Art WB , Box
4 035, Hammond . In d.
BIG PROFITS Raising eart hworms. Free inforrna-
rion. Lund's Earthw orms. Olathe, Kansas.
DESIGN SMART Fashi ons fnt your self or ochers.
Fascinati ng, profitable field. Learn at home in spare
time. Practical basi c t rai ni ng. Sound " learn-by-
doin g" method . Free book let . National School of
Dress Design , 83 5 Diversey Pa rkway, Dept. 16 33 ,
Chicago 14.
DRESS DESIGNING
EARTHWORMS
DECALS
SI ,000 MONTHLY POSSIBLE, raising Earthworms
- Af rican Gi ants: Backyard. Garage . Basement .
Comp lete i llu st rared Bookl et . expl ains raisi ng. feed-
ing, packing, market ing. Onl y 25c ! Ozar k \X'orm
Farm-B. Wil low Spri ngs. Mo.
DOLLS , DR ESSED and Undressed . Supol ies, Instruc-
, ions. Peggy' s Doll House, Jeffe"on Ci ,y 12. Mo .
WIN CONT EST Mon ey. Gener al Contest Bull etin
gi ves hun dreds of tips. Lists current contests ,
rules. Sample 25c. Gen eral Co ntests, 160 9 East
5th , Dept . 34 3, D ulut h, Mi nn .
DECAL CUTOUTS. The newest th ing in reusabl e
decals. Chi ldre n 's Kirche n. Bath . Den . Send 10c
for ill ustrated catalog. Au the ntic Decal s. Box 335 ,
Milfor d, Mi ch .
CONTESTS
DOLLS
FREE FOLDER. " How to Make $3,000 Yearl y,
Spa redme . Backyard.. Raising Earthworms!" Oak-
haven 27 , Cedar HIli , Texas.
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
ELECTRIC PENCIL: Engr aves all Metal s, S2.0 0.
Beyer Mfg. , 10 511 M Spr jngf ield, Chicago 4 3.
GUNS
WOODCARVING, GUN STOCKS. Miniarure ani-
mals , figurines. Hermania Anslin ger , 320 South
Ral ph , Spoka ne, W ash.
HANDICRAFT SUPPLIES
LEATHERCRAFT. COPPER Enameli ng . Mosaic Ti le,
Meral Tooli ng. Many more Crafts. Comp lete IIIus
(faced Cata log 1Oc. Kit Kr aft 18 3. Studio City,
Ca lif.
ART METAL Tool ing. En joyab le profi table hobby.
Big illu srrared catalog 10c, Groundmaster, Boul der.
Colo .
HELP WANTED
HOMEWORKERS: Assemble h and laced precut moc-
casins and handbags. Good e rr nin as.
Handicrafts, Dep, . 3, Los An gele s 46 , Calif.
FASHION DHIONSTRATORS - $2 0$4 0 pr ofi t
even ings. N o del iver ing or collect ing. Beeli ne Style
Shows are Parr y Plan se nsat ion : Samoles furni shed
Free. Beel ine Fashi ons, Bensenville 87, Ill.
LEATHERCRAFT
-' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FREE. Ne w big illustrated catalog, Learhercr afr ,
Metal cr afr Woodcr aft kit s and suppli es. Complete
stock, to p values , lat est ideas. W rite today. ) . C.
Larson Co. , Dept. 753 1, 82 0 S. Tripp, Chicago 24 .
LEATHERCRAFT, IMPORTED a n d d omesti c
leather, ki ts. Complete catalog. 25c ref undabl e.
Mida s, Box 125 5, Depr. M7, Huntington Park , Calif.
SKIL-CRAFTS 1958 Cata log. W orld ' s fin est Leath -
ere ra ft , Arc & Crafr Supplies. Free Bi llf old or Purse
Kit wi th firsr pu rch ase. Send 25c ( refunded with
fi rst order) Skil. Cr af ts, Box 167, J opli n, Mo.
FREE "Do-Ie-You rself" Learh er cr afr Ta ndv
Leacher Com pany, Box 791 -124, Fort Worth , Texas.
MAKE IT YOURSELF
" EVERYBODY LIKES Candy. " Learn to make pr o-
fessionall y home . . . ( Ou r 47th year) , Ragsdale
Ca ndi es. D9 , East Or ange, Ne w Je rsey.
" EVERYBODY LIKES CANDY." Learn to make
pro fessionally home. ( Our 47 th year) . Ragsdale
Cand ies, LB107, East Or ange, New Jersey.
AMA ZI NG CLOCK BARGAIN! Hand some Earl y
Ameri can She lf clock , solid wa lnu t. mah ogan y,
cherry. Wort h $25 , just S9 .95 in simpl ified do- it-
yourself ki t. Pr ea ssembled guaranteed el ectric motor :
precut woo de n pieces assure pe rf ect resulrs. Abso-
lutel y guaranteed. Perfect for home . gi ft. Rarewood
Cr afts , 69 \X'. W ashington , Chicago 2.
MOLDS
MA KE FLEXIBLE molds. Cast plaques, figuri nes.
Fr ee samp le. Tooker , 104 5-P Fairview, Ham ilt on,
Oh io.
PATENTS, INVENTIONS
INVENTORS: Learn how you can prote ct your
invent ion. A specia lly prepared booklet "Parenr
Guide for the Invent or " conrai n ing de taile d in-
formation concerni ng parent prote ction and pro-
cedure together wi th "Record of Inve nti on" form
wi ll be promptl y forwarded to you upon request-
without ob liga t io n. We are registered to practi ce
bef ore the Uni ted Stat es Patent Office and are
prepared to serve you in the handling of your
parent matt ers. Clarence A. O'Brien & Harvey
J acobson , Regi ster ed Pat ent Attornevs. 85- A Dis-
tri er Nati onal Build ing, Wash ington, D, C.
INVENTORS-If you believe you have an inve n-
tion . you should find Out how to protect it. 'The
fir m of McMorr ow , Berm an & Davidson with of-
fices in Wash ington , D. C.. is qua li f ied to take
the necessary sreos for you. Send for copy of our
Parent Bookle t "How to Pr ot ect Your Invent ion: '
We will also send you an "Inve ntion Record"
form. N o obliga tion. Th ey are yours for the aski ng.
Me.Morrow , Berman & Davi dson . Rez isrer ed Patent
Attorneys, 266- P, Vi ctor Building, Wash ingto n I,
D. C.
INVENTORS: I F you have an inve nt ion for sale,
parented or un pat en ted , write for free broch ure out-
lining 'manufacturers' req ui rem en ts. royalry r ates.
Kessler Corpo ratio n, 19 3-IW , Frem ont , Ohio.
INVENTORS-This fir m is regi srere d to pra ctice
before the United Slat es Patent Off ice and available
to assist you in the preparation and prosecu tio n of
your pat ent appl ication. "Patent Pro tec t io n for
Inventors" booklet containi ng de railed informarion
and steps to rake toward parent protection sent
promptl y upon req uest . No ob l igatio n. Victor ) .
Evans & Co., 402-C Merl in Building, \X'ashington
6, D. C.
HOBBIES
BIG SUR PRISE. Liquid rubber less tha n who lesale.
Par ricu la r s 10 c. Wesrern Che mi ca l, Sal em. Or egon .
AQUARI UMS . SNAILS. nlanrs. orname nt s, cara-
logue 1De. Tampa Bay Aquarium, General Deli very.
Tampa, Fla.
HOME CRAFTSMEN
WOODWORKING and Cabinetmaki ng course for
begi nning and advanced home craftsme n. Only
complete low- cost home rraining program avai lable.
Wrire for free booklet . l nrersrare Train ing Service.
Dept. G 7. Portland l.l , Ore gon.
-1 2 FULL SIZE An ti que. Co lonia l and Modern she lf
patterns. All for s1.00. Masrer crafr. 3 15B, 704 1
Olcott , Ch icago 3 1, I II.
FREE. New cata log 2 150 artist-drawn desig ns,
patterns, Crafrplans, 1322-F \X'abash, Chicago 5.
MUSIC, MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
SWI SS MUSICAL Movements ( Key or elect rica l).
Spielm an , 131 West 42 nd. , New York 36.
OF INTEREST TO WOMEN
LEARN PROFESSIONAL cake decorati ng. Details
free . Deco-Secr ets. Ven ice 5. Cal if.
STOP THRO\X'IN G Away Those Boxtops ! Thevre
worth monev! Some 25 c each! Inquire: Boxr ops-U ,
Cedar Hill . Texas.
SEW APRONS in your home profi tably. Write:
Adco, Bastr op , La.
SCASH, MAKI NG - Elowers sparerirne. Free sample,
Boyean Industries, Sharon 18, Pen na.
WHEN ORDERING BY MAIL
remember these s imple rules!
I. Address enve lope clearly gi ving name ,
d epartme nt number and addre ss o f t ho
c o mp a ny you are wr iting to.
2 . Be sure that in your letter (as well a s
in the re t urn spot on th e e nvelo pe) yo u
ha ve p lainl y written your o wn na me , a d -
d re ss, city and st a t e .
3. Be su re that you ha ve listed the ite m
you wi sh to b uy and enclosed the prope r
amou nt as sta ted in the adverti se me nt .
These three suggestions will speed the
advertiser's service to you, and help
prevent misunderstandings.
MARCHAPRIL, 1958 61
HOW TO
BUILD:
HOMES
GARAGES
&BARNS
WALLS
FIREPLACES
SWIMMING
POOLS
CHIMNEYS
FOUNDATIONS
TERRACES
BUILD IT YOURSELF
This EASIER way with '
CONCRETE BLOCKS
and Save Money!
Shows every step from how-
to-pl an to how-to build all
kinds of things with one of
the most economica l fire-
proof mat er i al s known.
Over 190 picture s and cut-
away diagrams show exactly
what to do. Tell s how to
mix mort ar. how to set
blocks; even covers pain t-
ing concrete! A complete
manual that any man can
follow with ease. Washable
cloth binding. New revised I
edi tion. 216 pages.
FREE 5DAY EXAMINATION ...
Send n o money. Pav ONL y .
$3
6 0
V-
you t ater . plus l'lh l p
e::,:.t.;, if you keep it
AMERICAN TECHNICAL SOCIETY ,;fi
.. ept, BV 9, 848 E. S8th, Chi, ogo 37 'I w"'"'

AMERICAN TECHNICAL SOCIETY, Dept. ST-3
848 E. 58th St ., Chicago 37, III.
Plea se se n d me CONC RET E n LOCK CON-
STHUCTION for 5 Da ys F REE EXAMINA-
TION. If I decide t o keep -the boo k. I will
se nd you $3.6 0. pl us ahi p p i rur costs. Otherwise
I will ret ur n it and owe you n othi ng.
PLASTICS
NEW LIQUI D Casd ng Plastic, clea r. colors, Embed
real flowers , coins , ph ot os. New Manu a! shows
fine things you can make at home and sell at
big profit, Send 25c. Casrcli te, Dept. C- I09.
Wood stock, I II.
PRINTING
100 ENVELOPES. s1.00. Depend abl e Ball Pen .
30c. Wombles, Siler Ciey, N. C.
SHELLCRAFT
LARGEST W HOLESALE Shell craft supp lier in the
East. Sen d 25c for latest illu serared in struct .on book
catal ogue. Large Shel l-Art j ewel ry Kit $2.25 pp.
Shell-Ar t Novelty Comp any, 22 9 S. 9th Street ,
Phil adel phi a 7, Penna.
SH ELLCRA FT BEGINNERS Kit , Instr uction Book
and Pri ce list, $ 1. 49. Indi vidu al earr ing kits 49c
Or 3 for $ 1.00. Allied Cra ft, 2 1 McKim Sr.,
I nd ianapol is. Ind .
TWO N EW beau ti ful easy-to-ma ke cut she ll earring
ki ts complete wi th instructio ns. and 1958 supply
and design catalog for $1.00 postpai d. Miami
Shell craft. 51 4 N .W. 79th Sr.. Mi ami , Fla.
SEASHELLS. SHELLCRA FT and Jewelr v Supplies.
Illust rated Ca raloa 25c, refunded on fir st order.
Florida Supply Ho use, Box 847 H. Brade nt on, Fla.
Our 23 rd Year.
I LLUSTRATED Catal og Supplies and Basic In-
structi ons. 1Oc, Wholesale Pri ces, Caribbean, Dept.
3A, Box 311, Sarasota, Fla.
SHELL JEWELRY Supplies. Wholes ale only. Mc-
Farland Plasti c Co. Sarasota, Fla.
STAMPS
225 STAMPS only I Dc wit h appr ovals. Mystic.
Camde n 2 2. N Y.
10 0 OLD U. S. stamps between 186 I and 19 35
only $1.00. Roush Stamp Co., 5 I Che st nu t, Mans-
field . Ohio.
FIRST U. N. set. Among Worl d's Pre ttiest. Only
1Oc, Approvals. Welles, Box 1246-PH, NYC 8.
TERRI FIC STAMP Bargain! Ist ael - Icel and-Vati
can Assortment - Plu s Exotic Tri angle Set - Al so
Fabulous Bri ti sh Co lonial Accumu latio n-Plus Lar ge
Stamp book-All Fou r Offers Free-Send I Oc to
cove r postage. Empire Stamp Corp. , Dept . PH,
Tor on to. Ca nada.
FREE - VAL UABLE USA! ( I ) Scarce genuine
postage stamp pictu ring first USA. issued in 1847'
( 2) Bi g collection 30 all-di ffe re nt United States;
ancie nt 19th century, valuable $ I stamp. etc. (3 )
Collect ion beau tiful Commemoratives. ( 4 ) Collectors
Gcide : Big 64 page Bargain Catalog including all
US Postage Issues; or he r excit ing offers! Send I Oc
for mail inn expe nses. Har ri sco, 4 163 Tran sit Bldg.
Boston 17 , Mass.
100 OLD U.S. Stamos $1.00. Hi Fi Stamps. 97 4
Aver ill , Man sfiel d, Oh io.
U.S. Stamps. Gi ant Bargain Caralog-e--! Oc. Ravmax ,
35 VPH Maidenlane, New York City 38.
WOODWORKING
MAKE $46 Fr om Square Foot Plywood ;
necessar y. Free Inf orm ati on. Woodans C-7 . Brid ge-
water . .Mass.
Tools and
WHOLESALE
USE THIS HANDY INSERTION ORDER. Please Print.
Try a classified advertisement and reach V4 million home de-lt-yeurself
enthusiasts. Only 70c per word.
Workbench
Handcraft Bldg.
Kansas City 11, Mo.
Enclosed find $ .for.. _ mont hs' insertion of the following
advertisement in the classified columns of WORKBENCH. at 70c per
word per month ( including name and address ) . Minimum 10 words.

SOMETHING TO SELL
to a quarter million
hardware
, HUGE
PROFITS!
Start Your Own Business MORE
Sell nationall y adverti sed tools MONEY!
to your frie nds and neighbor s. "
Al so for industrial and insti ru- Get up to :
donal use. New gia nt 1958 SO 0/ :
illustrated wholesale catalogue : /0:
has only your name on it. You : off :
get all the orde rs and re-orders, ;
A MILLION DOLLAR INVENTORY AT YOUR
FINGERT I PS. NO STOCK TO CARRY, ORDER
AS YOU N EED IT ! .. . Electric Drills, Saws,
Sand ers, Micromet ers, Vi ses, Levels. Socket Sets,
Routers and many ocher name bra nd tool s. ap-
plian ces, eiecrric tools, po wer tools and ot he rs toO
numerous to me nt ion. WHOL ES A L E DIS-
COUNTS UP TO 50 % off . . . Send $ 1 deposit
and get the new 1958 giant ill ust rated who lesale
catalo gue at no eXU3 charge. You r S1 is cred ited
[Q your fir st purchase or refunded if not 100 %
satisfi ed. Wri te NOW!
U. S. CENERAL SUPPLY CORP. De pt . # 117
149 CHURCH ST. NEW YORK. NEW YORK
NAME .
ADDRESS .
CITY ZONE STATE .
o Chec k here if you prefer to send $3.60 with
cou pon. We then pa y all s h ip p i ng co s ts .
Same r efund g ua r a n t ee.
; .
,.. .
NAME ..__ _._ _._ __ __..
ADDRESS _ ._.. .
CITY __. ._.__. ._.. ZONE.... ....STATE
62 WORKBENCH
This Might Help
Test for Wall Dampness
I have found a test for dr yness
that I us e befo re pa inting a ny base-
ment wall s . I fasten a lO-inch s qua r e
of clear cellophane to the wall to be
pa inted. I us e Scotch t ape or mask-
i ng tape for securi ng the patch to the
wall and care is t aken that th e patch
is s ecurely fa stened on a ll s ides . I
then leave this patch for a couple of
days and a t the en d of that time,
if the patch is s t ill d r y on the s ide
that is a ga inst the wall, the wall is
dry enough to paint. If any moisture
is present on the patch, your paint
j ob will only be a waste of time and
m oney.-Howard E. Moody
Gripping Small Drills
Everyon e worki ng with tools, from
pr of ess ional to piddler. has probably
expe r ience d th e fr ust r a t ion of watch-
ing small drill s , Vs " a nd under , spin
loose in drill chucks and s ha tt er . Be-
si des the resultant s poili ng of work
a nd t he inconvenie nce of rushing out
for a replace ment . a s pinning drill
can score up chuc k jaws destroying
co nce nt r ici ty a nd so doing major
damage. To overcome th is problem
once a nd fo r a ll, take a length of
bell or other soft r aw wire , wind it
tightl y around drill shank using the
s ha nk as s pool. Snip off superfluous
wire a nd cl os e j aws firml y on wired
shank. Now the pr essure on individ-
ual jaws is distributed ov er a much
wider surface of drill-shank. Th e re-
s ult is g r ea t e r eff ici ency , reduced
drill breakage, and protection to
chuck j aws by well gripped drill s .
Albert Ujcic
To Drive a Nail into Plaster
Often it is nece ss ary ( 0 drive a
na il int o a pl a ste r ed wall to hold pic-
tures, s hel ves a nd t he like . First,
drive the nail into the pl astered wall,
wherever you want it . Sometimes a
lath is pier c ed and the nail holds.
Sometim e s , even in pure plaster, the
nail hol ds sa t i s f act 0 I' i I y . In these
e vent s you a re a ll right. Nothing
more is nec essa r y. But. in many in-
s tances, t he nail makes a large and
nonholdi ng hole. The thing to do then
is to pack the hole full of plastic wood,
with n ail in precisely the position,
where you want it. Then when the
plastic wood hardens you will have a
nail that will do the trick. Don't
pack the hole full of plastic wood
a nd then try to drive the nail through
the hardened wood. You will then
simply knock the hard en e d wood
through the former hole, thereby
making the hole still larger .
W. F . Schaphorst
Plastic Wood Made into
Metal Putty
When metal s ur faces do not have
to undergo mechanical strain, plas-
tic wood can be used a s a putty for
filling hol es and dents and becomes
almost undetectabl e. Just put a suf-
ficient quantity of the plastic on a
sheet of glass or metal a nd mix in
enough aluminum bronze powder to
give it a good metallic color. Mixing
must be done quickly before the sol-
vent evaporates, or a little lacquer
thinner or fingernail polish remover
may be added to restore the con-
s is tency .- Kell M urray
Sponge Pad File's Tip
To keep your thumb a nd the t ips
of your fingers from chafing a nd
becoming sore when hanging on to
the tip of a fil e , pad the t ip wi t h a
small sponge folded over the en d.
You'll be s ur pr is ed how much more
comportable this is than to hang on
to the bare tip itself. The sponge is
also us eful to pad the tip of a wood
rasp in the s a me way.
John A . Comstoch
Handsaw Rack from Clothespins
Make a wall rack for your hand-
saw from two common clothespins'
a nd a piece of plywood . Drill small
pilot holes in the body of the pins
to prevent the nails from splitting
them, and nail them to the board
near ei t he r end of the saw blade.
If desired, you ca n dispense with
the board and nail the pins directly
to your bench or the workshop wall.
John A. Comstock
Guide for Spaced Holes
When it is n eces s ary to lay out
a number of similar pi ece s of work,
wood or metal , for drilling a number
of spaced holes, use a spa c e r -st a mp.
This is a ruler having a number of
small rubber bands spac ed on it as
required and it is used wi t h an ink
pad like a rubber stamp. Apply th e
rul er to the work to be m a r k ed with
a light pressure so that the ink dots
will be small. The method also serves
to mark plastic. rubber. pape r , hard-
board, etc., and can be us ed as a
means of spacing befor e r uli ng
parall el lines .-K(' II Alurray
MA RC H APR Il , 1 9 5 8 63
CltY ZOne State .
Addre l'lB _ .
Pr l nl No In c .
----------------
F A M I LY GARDENS N U RS ERY S ALES CO.
D EPT . 16921 , DOWN ER S GR OVE, ILL .
o 2 - 52.50 _ 5 1 .25 ea, 0 S-$ 5 .00 - 51 . 0 0 ea.
o 10-$9.50-5 . 9 5 ea. 0 2 0 - $ 1 8 . 0 0 - $ . 9 0 ea .
T t-Nee Rad io Is Gua ra nteed
to work Cor roue IICeti mel
Uses no tubes , batter-tea or
e lectrical plug in . Never
runs down! Sma ller than a
pac k or ctgurette I necet-..ee
local rad io stations most
anyti me, a n y w h er e w it h.
ou t extra antenna. Uses
cr)'stal d iode III Q Tuner .
Beauti fu l black gold p la s-
tic cabinet . Built- in Spe ak-
erphone. SEND O NLY $2.00 (b ill . ck. mol and pay
postman $ 4.99 COD on arrival or send $ 6 . 9 9 for pos t -
Pflld del,h.-ery. SENT COMPLETE-READY TO LI STEN'_
l"OTH ING EXTRA TO BUY EVER! Ext ra long distance
aer ia l kit incl uded free for stations up to 10 0 0 miles
aw ay r Available onrv Crom :
Midway Co . Dept . CW.4 K earn ey, Neb r .
Sun your own bu siness at home. Casr plaque,
novelt ies. figurines , ash crays, statuettes, book
ends. Make your own flexible molds. 10.1' 0 make
garden vases, bird barhs, window boxes sua
dials, pOller y, ere. Wri re today for free
and derails.
H. Tooker, 1045F Fairview Ave., Hamilton, Ohio
MAKE RUBBER MOLDS
SPRING EVERGREEN
BARGAIN
,
U f'-NEE" LIFETIME RADIO
5 YEAR OLD
COLORADO
BLUE SI
SPRUCE eo
Northern grown, Bushy Trees (In lots
These tre e s a re 50 beauti fu l yo u' ll of 5)
hard ly be lieve your eyes when you
':;N' t he m deli ve r ed a t your door this $ 9.50 f or 10
$18.00 for 20

. very tn.. Is I!IJrl hl;" rn g ro wn. E"xt ra ntco, w e n -
Pl a nt l n!: tnarrucrtone Inc luded.
Post age pa id on pr("pal d ord er s. C.O.D.'s wel come.
Limited off E"r_so p tease wri t e today. 5 t r ees (or $:; .
Orrlers for l(>fOs th a n :10 a re S 1 . 2 5 per u -ee-e-m tn tm um
o rd e r t wo t r-ees , Tfr e- more vo u ord e r , t b e mo re vou
sa ve-I O t r e e s Cor 89.50, 20 for $ 18 .00.
MONEY BACK CUARANTEE
On arrival If you a re not 10 0 0/0 sa ti sf ied s imJlly
r et ur n (or mone).. back .
.ee ee"e"""',e,"'",
BIG NEW

boy s fr om 8 to 12 wil l hav e Cun
Ing fr om sc ra p ma teria l. Inclu ded are
no ve lties. toys , games . bird hou ses.
\ 0 ' win d mills . e tc. Comple te di re ction s an d
- fu ll s ize patt erns . Excelle nt for youth
le ad er s and Den Mot hers . Onl y S t . 0 0 .
MASTERCRAFT PLANS. Dept. 314B
7041 Olcott Ave . Ch ica g o 3 1 . I ll ino is
Sylvia's De signs
in full col or S1.00 ea ch
with instructions
" Dec ora t or for Ch in a"
$3.0 0
Send for FREE Cat alo g
Deal er Inquiries Invit ed
SYlVIA'S CHINA STUDIO,
Dept. PH
Box 463, Klamath Fall s. Ore.
Slats Provide Privacy
An easy and per manen t way to
r ep air s ma ll holes which devel op
in eave t ro ughs is to us e a screw
of a ppropriate si ze , toget her with
met a l a nd fib er washers, or a
washe r cut from a piece of ro ll
r oofing p aper, clampe d t i g htly,
making t he hol e leak pr oof.
R . S . Ho ward
Painting Hints
IN ADDITION to spreading several
layers of newspapers on the floor
when painting chair or t able leg s ,
I place a shallow j a r lid under
each leg. This keeps the painted
leg from sticking t o th e paper.
Blanche Campbell
H E TAL

Screw Repairs Eave Trough
An easy way to add privacy to a
woven fe nce is illustrated here by
a homeowner who is inserting inch-
wi de strips of Ma soni t e Vs " tempered
P r esdwood through the openings.
That simple procedur e screens un-
sightly a reas and affords family
pr iva cy. At the same time the strips
permit air circulation and t he pene-
tration of some sunlight. Friction
holds the strips firmly in place. They
don't need to be painted, as the ma-
terial will withstand the weather as
well as the wire fence will.
T ed Morgan
"Last rea r we sharp-
ened and r e pa I f ed
abo ut 1000 lawn me w-
ers tor a net Pfortt of
$2 .600, " san K G.
" Years eao, I bought
a Fol ey Lawn vrowee
Sharpen er' ; " writ es ,,,.
T.J . . " t he best inv est -
men t I ever mac ho. [
han ma de a Rood
ror my wif e and
myself . a nd have put
mo ne y in
t he ha nk
besides. "
SEND FOR FREE BOOK
99 c Pro fit On Each Dollar
It co....ts Iess tha n one cent per
mower Ior elect rtclt v and mn-
terial. Th t> Foley sha r pens nil
bl ad es and cutter bar t ogeth er
Just lik e law n mower manu-
Iae t ur ers do i t . Start in spar e
t lme In bas ement or ga r age.
The Fol ey handl es up to 3 or .a
mower s per hour - pr ices f un
$1.50 to :\.00 (or ha nd mew-
ers - , 5. 00 to 8.no tor power
mowers.
FREE-VALUABLE I LL US
TRATED BOOK shows how to
sharpen all Iead ln g makes of
power mowers. Peter prices
are low - Pasy pa yment pl an
IE' I... "'OU par for ma r-hl ne
wit h prof it s. ""HE E P L AX
tell.. how to sta rt - no can -
va ssin g. Send cou pon t oday
- no sa lesman will call.
Ma ke big profita on t housands of exotic im-
porta . No ex pe r ience or i nv estment i n I?r o-
du et. needed. Famous world t rader g'uidea
h.ot': rtt
O

ti me h o m e m a ll order bu. i ne_
Open cash ord er s , tak e out t h e money . d educt
your p r ofit s , t h e n have t he impor ts shipped
to
vol ume orders fo r whol esal ers, gi ft o r d epart -
me nt stores . ete, Export op po r t uniti es al so .
FREE SAMPLES-Contacts Abroad
Followi ng our pla n you will r ec ei ve f r ee. 8
63" irnports- and mem be rs h ip in I n t e rn a ti onal
. Tra d ers which p rovi des yo u with mo nt h l y
bulleti ns r e ve a li ng f or et g n prod u ets wi th
names a nd a ddress es of over s eas suppli e rs .
Huge Uncrowded Opportunity
Each y ear more im port s a re off ere d in U, S.
an d sna pped up by mail o rder and store bu ye rs
alike. And t he word " im po r ted" is li ke mag
Ie to th e mill ion s who want new. r are, reman-
ti c a nd u nusual g i fts a t s a vi n g s . And
t here se eme to be no end to t his d e mand . Ot h-

so me profit s . Why not you ? Get full de tails
and li st of 157 imports sbcwinsr s mazi ng low
foreign pri ecs-A LL FREEl T her e ' s no
obligation. No s a les ma n willcaJl on you .
Ai r mail t-each es os over night , Write.
THE MELLINGER co.
1717 Westwood Blvd.. Dept. P233. Los Angeles 24, Calif.
64 WORKBENCH
I
FOLEY MFG. CO. 494.8 Foley Bld g.,
Minn eapoli s 18, Minn.
Sen t! 1,'ln : 1': HOOK and I"IU: F. PLAX on
. . .
. . . . . ", . . . . .
SAVE UP TO 750;0
" 1l"" ,Zf'S Thru " [JIG Drillill g J obs
Reg. $44.95-0UR PRICE $2995
Dests ned (or uroresslonat erattsmen who
wa n t a lon ger - Hfe, trouble-free. heavy plu s $ 1. 00 PP
d ut y drllJ . that \\111 go t hr ou gh t he & h d lg.
or woods and metal s! The !h" d rill Is
b1): and powerful let l hr ht we l ah t and ea ...}' to handl e.
Has a power-packed motor for clrillius.r UD to %" on
steel : one inch In hard wood s. Used wi th hulesaws for
cutting U1' t o 3 " d iameter ho les . Low spl rHlIe spee d pro-
vldes the hlgh torq ue to handle to ug-h dril li ns.r jobs In
heavy metal and lumber. Det aeha ble hancll e elve s extra
control. Fea tu res swltrh with " OX" bu tton. svrln'R
ed for automarlc shut o rf- butt on for su stained drtutne :
powerful 3. 5 am p. Unlversa l AC-I)C motor t o GO cydl:'s:
zeared ch uck an d kty; Hghtweiaht bcu-Ine: 115 Volt;
50n Hl':\ I ; 12'h" long : we!J::hs i % u r, 311!JrOHcl.


all the power needed for sawing fous
ar ound the house . It s war t hrough nbwood wall -
board, tonaue-and-groovs bClant" and many' other' mate-
rIa ls. Feat u res poalt lve de pth an d beret adjustment s ;
a utomatic blade suard : larg-t' suppcrt ln g Ioot
ems 1 ..,i n de pt h and 1" beve l a t -I," degrees. Un I:
versn! AC-DC motor up to eo crete ... ; :{G50 m-xr, Ha s
rull)' enclosed momentary contact tMJ::" $ 2 4 9 5
ger switch. Blad e guard has safetv re-
tractor handle. -
plu s SOc PP. & hd lg.
6*" t' roresstonat Rl\: I LSA as s 3 595
above bu t with lot s more power. fr iction
cl utch. full n ,p. motor. 5800
----
Famous Shop-King Portable JIG SAW
Latest Model! Heavy Duty!
)11:z AMP
%11 SKIL DRILL

Sna ps on to a n}' 1A ". 5/ 16" or
ell'rtrle d rllI In st'<'onds. Does work or
J I/.:. l-\" eyhole. Coplns.r. Hip, Crosscut.
BaUff ancl I l:l ck"aw. Cu ts Intri cate
1'att ' ''rn s. ('1r<' It's-no matter how la r J:: e
- in pl n m oll . pla ..t1cs. mt'ta1 -
('ut s 2 x St art s In side ho l... s wUh -
am hori ns.r
n ull t - tn a utomatic ai r blower . Ess,:
to han.lle ht,("81l"e of Its rls.rht anllie
drhe . !'O:!ffO ty aocl worm
d rh'e ('lamp make It "lbraUnn-proof.
Ext ra J:lr J:: e !": hoepla tt" assures acc u ra te plu s 35c pp. &
and squa rp Clit S. hd lg.
FREEI4 ALL PURPOSE BLADES ( A St 40 Value )
ONE YEAR FACTORY CUARANTEE!

Clos e-Out-Only 5c each
l' rt'Clsion ('raUed In " ' est Ger .
man)'. P erf t"Ct (or arrhl:ts. touch -
Ins.r ti p around hall SI:' . ('Jtoa n lnR
' . ('ll'C'triral a nll optica l In st ru men t s
:lnd KUliS. Sizes fr om fi ne #'1 to rull 015 s el i
hair in meta l s.rrl p to Jrh'e .... toe
?)ears of \\ ort h many d oll a rs but $1 00
_0 yours (or only , . .. . . .... Pp d.

lJOl Xo "ar OWO"r can arror d to
he without a fJa re kit - it
";3\"e' yonr lire and t he Urea of Jon 'd ont's If stalled
on the road for arl)' reason. contai ns 3 lo' UJ.I .. ]l Oll n
ea s)' wi ndproof. ra inproo f flares pl us extl n-
/.:ulsht'r . Brlltl llllt flares can be set' n for severa l hundred
fect--(':l fl he rc u..t'(1 time and 8Jlnl nl Al so hl ea! as a
..ourc'c o( Warm t h for wint er via}" ; Cor l hth tJn g camp fires
al1l1 harlJ"cll es ; a SOUf(' e of emergenc}' lhdlt $100
or Ktllrtt' liR:ht throuRh dark an.'a s.
Sa fe a nd ea sy to lise. C..om1'act.

Ii ..
, mnJ;:nels--each the size of a Jelly bf'an-
wu lifts o\'er * pOlmt1l Sewn In to oot hold -
ers , towels or s ho wer cu rta ins - makes
t hem cHnl{ to stee l. Holds Ite ms
lin c111o;h hoarll , ml:'ta l ftl e-s, c!(>Olnn str nt lnn
or hllll, 'l ln hoa rels. HPCO\'er Irf'Jns from
hard-to- Iat-at V. 1:1ceil. I ull s throllJ:: h R'lu'l. $100
wooll . VlIpl' r . Jeatht'r. pJa st lc-an:nhi nll bu t
iro n...\ 11 10 rust proof l1lallne tS. . . ... . . . . . . . ppd.
Less Than 12c Each
Brand Newl Top Gradel U.S.A.
FilII /lllll/.W fro". 1/16" T 'hro ugl
Durex HOLE SAW

WIth f! x clllSIl' f! "
Automatic SLUG EJECTOR \ (iI :-
4 Hole Saws in 1
. - ..... 1' . .

tor IX)Jl5 out Slt l /.: IlIlll1ldla teir. - - -
Th is saw wor ks :l times 8S fast a s ot he r hol e :'laws that
sell for twlee as muc h l Cuts I ", 1*". 2" atHI 21h"
holt'S. clt'anl)' , accurately. Cu t s wooel. plast I('s . meta ls.
formica. wa ll hoard, etc. li as ex tra In tool hf';ul
to areommodatt" 1t,4" , 1*., lind t,4" hlades. Con si st s
or sltml\' a lloy too l hend , 4 fi nest rtl1a llt \' 4
shattc' f!)roof hl:lIles. a ntomat lc sil l/.: fljl'eto"r S 9S
and 1,4" d ri ll hit. ONLY
plu s 35c PP. a nd hd lg.
REVOLVING LEATHER PUNCHES
pl us 25c pp. & hdl g.
Here' s the great est drill value we
have ever offered I Precbd on craft-
e<l Il WIl SPEI;n STEEL DHlLI.S
made rig-ht here in th e U.KA" uncon -
d ltfuna lly guaranteed to l'8s ilr. CI('8 111y
and dr il l through the hardest st eels
Or any touch metals a nd. or course. plastfcs,
aluml n um, wood , etc. These are not cheap ca r bon
d r ill s th a t d ul len after a sho rt t lrne, but to p qualt tv.
f ull Jobber - Ienztu sha nk drill s with keen cutt ing edges
t hat will erre you perfect perf ormanc e every t lme! l mag-
Ine! You g-et drllI s---()( all mo st -used si zes from
needle-stzed 1/16' throu ah IH" c--Ideal ror industry and
hom e-s-f or lise wlth port able or ttxed erecrrt c dr ills.
If you can buy these drill s for less than $10.00
at any store, keep one of the drills for your
t rouble and r e t ur n the rest fo r a full refundl

SAVE $4.55 on AReO-SAW
REG. $ 12. 50-0 UR PRICE S7
9 5
with Precision Gradu. plus
ated Depth - BeV"I -
Rip Gauges - 5" Arco
sate-cut bl ade.
Ea.:"jJy at tached in Il ' SS than a mi n-
ute to a n)' '.4II electr fc drf ll , this
sen sat lon nl geu r- rtt lven sa w att ach-
ment \\'111 go th rou gh In one
cut . . . S times faster Ula n a
handsaw! The 5" wlll smoot hly an d rapldb-
whiz t hrollJ:h l 11mbtr . Vl)wood. wallboarll, etc, ( 'omf's
wit h pfl'c1s ion Rrad tlat ed DEPTH & LEVEL GAUGES
for cuL.. to be... els from 0 t o -15
AlI l, I'; Hl l' GAUG I,; ADJ USTABLE VI S UAl. G UIDE ;
sturdy. easily adjustecl SAF.... .,. Y " ' OI DI HHl\' jo;
CluU JI '; HIGIIT A:,\( ;U; G I;A1t D1un; ;
GI-:AIl BOX with ..;tcel gears and .self- l ubrIcat ing LII"E-
T D n; Aft'O- :-:aw Ust'S 30 % less power;
hlade lemm'N] am i res harpenf l) with ordinary
han t! "ill': ideal for ri p, crosscllt , IIIltre. (hull! :lIld he,'el
C'utti ns.r. I..imit ' d Ilua ntltles at thi s I Al'\". LOW pric e.
Housewives Schools
Hobbyists Ch ildr en 0
Leather Workers
)ta kes clean , sharp hol es-6 di ff er-
$1
59
for plUlch hll: in helts, shoe!')o. plu s 25c
ha/.: stra p... to t1Jl"tt'n thelll. Hep nl r pp. & hd lg.
ha sehall g- Ime..; . T he kids wil l use It to make wall E' t s,
h3lt S at home. In arts a ncl craft cla sst"s. At thi s 10 \\
P I' il' P, an hll 'a l bur. 9" lonl!" . wit h 1>nU..IH.>f1 kn ur led
ha nd le s. stl'OIlJr sprl ns.r. 6 st andanl tuhl's. hra ss a m"1 1.
S PW imI>ort!

. Wood Working VISE

For hom e and s ho p. a mateu r

o r pro. A mec ha n i caJl y
perfec t, so li dl y construct ed
vise wit h Cu ll 5th" wide jaws
t hat open to 5 " . F ea t ur e
s moot h- wor ki ng- poli sh ed s t eel bars t hat g'li de
ea s il y back and for t h ..e t fir ml y and securely
lock work rOI" cvcn t he fi nes t or S2
6 9
prec is ion cra ft i ng'. A tt r a c t i ve r ed
enamel bod y.
Surgical Steel-Hand Ground
Set of 12
CARVING KNIVES
11Pc. DRAFTING SET $3.
00
ppd.
H igh lu str e ch rome plat ed tnst ru-
men t s of out stundlng quality an d
ac curacy. Includes P lnln and
It fn ghea d Bow Dtvl ders . Compasses
for us e with in k Or uenctt. Hullng
P ens and all nec ess ary parts. P acked
In a velvet ltned, snap hunan cl os-
ure, simulated leather en-e .
AMAZING BLOCK & TACKLE
PORTABLE . weighs only 13
02S., fits in pocket!
ONE HAND OPERATION .
POWERFUL
UP TO 1000 LBS.!
SURPLUS TOOL BARGA NS FROM DISTRIBUTOR
21
HIGH SPEED $2
50
DRILLS
Amazing Work Saver For
Yacht smen Truck drivers
Farmers Handymen Motor i st s
Here s an unusual tool. e-ven for us! It's the tiny
.:\li d get Ba be Bl ock ,," Tackle. It weighs on tr 13 oa.,
yet is so power ful , It lift s up to 10UO Ibs. ea ..ib! He-
l' anse- of its gr ea t st r en gth. sma ll sfze. complet e port-
bloc k tackle bas many u ses . In }"OIlT
car for emer ncuctes. for home. factory. farm . . . tor
load inlt heavy articl es . For s VQr tS ITIt"Il: loadi ng deer ,
bea t s, etc . For an yone who ha s to do heavy lIt'tluJ:l
1-"10ely engfnee red t hr ougho ut . be-t Jrrat!e aluminum,
steel axle s. pre-I ub rlc ated (or life. HOist s have two
IlftioJ,! su nes, at top and bo t to m, with heavy welded
stee l r-Ings. enn be doubl ed tor extra st re ng t h.
Complete with 60 n, 1l}'I OIi COI'<l. 5 to 1 $ 9
9 5
ratio - 1000 lb. tes t, Carryi ng ba g.
I ns t r llC" t ion s. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ppd .
ALS O AVA ILABLE - Ti ny Bab e - Lifts up to 2000
Ih!'.! \ VHh 100 ft. nyl on cent. ';" - 1 rati o, :!f100 lb. teat
- 15 oz. wgt, Twice as pcwerf ul as 9.95 mod el-only
$12.95 ned.
I yr . gua ra nte e on both mod els
Automatic Siphon Pump
sensat i onal lOW price $1.
9 8
ppd.
XoW'-siphon a ny li quid automatI C'alb' . safeh.
\\"J TII Ol ' T PlItllnJt tube to mouthl SQueeze
bulb. ll quill start s to flo, .. ImmediatelYI
Tr an sp arent spetlons let you see liquid Haw-
Ing-I pum! )s /.:aaollne. water. any
1IfJlliei. E"en ael<l..;. eor ro."i\es l For cars.
hoa t s . power mowers , cam per s. plumbers.
tloctON. chemist ..;. fact ories I resistant.
O"er 'l r1.
ALSO AVAILABLE-Heavy Duty Siphon, $2
9 8
1/2 di ameter t Ubing, 8 It. long .
Pod.
II .. $200
hhHIt>.!l we ha "e e ve r ppd.
seen-sharp t'lIou"rh t o spli t a human haIr In t wol
lJi((ert'nt sha!H-'s and edJ::es (' lUI do e'ery joh o( wood
ca r vlnK. mOlIe1 linol eum r lJtt lns.r , and
whiUllns.r Eaeh hlafle has 8 Ph " long hard
wood ha ndlf' fur gri pping- , . . hea ":r tlllcr
h firmly attachc'l l h)' means or a ferr ule to Insure
100IIf, contlnlll'tl USl! , }o;al'l l llu rs.rh'al sH'el hla lle
prt'cl "lon hanl! s.rrollnll to ea:o;lly and quickly noteh and
cut any YllU wish. se n..;atl onal all-purpose set.
wflil worth $5.!l5.
Save Hundreds of Dollars in Repairs
OKUN'S PLASTIC METAL TIll
Ap pli e. Uk" Putty . - - - -
lIar/I"lI ,' Uk" S"'el 'F'"'
III i' l i ll ll t C,fi ! ._....., _ ....
Any brenk, ('rack or h ole in mewl, ", hiSS . wood ,
plast ic, concrete. s t one. cemen t or porcelain ca n
be re paired i n a j iffy by applying' putty 80 Ct
P las t ic Met al - and in 40 m in utes it ha nlen s i nto
n ri gi d s te el li ke so li d t hat can be sa nded, fil ed .
sa we d, dri J1ed. mach ined a nd buffed t o a g-leam -
ing lu stre. Can't r ust! Adheres to 3 oz. Ja r
$100
pipes. bo il er, f ue l tank, car r a dia t or, Lg , 6 oz. jar
boat hu ll s ; crack s in mot or $195
fende rs , lamps . Jewe lry. t oys . bIke , 2 1,1. Ib
sink. etc. No ho use. s ho p or pl ant $2S9San
ca n a ff ord to be wit ho ut it !
A d d 1 5 c t o e ac h for p p , & hdlg.
SCOTT-
Send ch eck or M. O. If C.O.D. fees extra. Money Back Guarantee.
ITCHELL HOUSE, Inc., Dept. W3, 611 Broadway, New York 12, New York
IMAGINE GETTING
$1 Chlorophyl Tablets, 7V2C pkg.
15c Textil e dyes, 3
1
/2C pkg.
$12.95 Name brand Kitchen set,
$3. 25.
$49.95 Gold Bracelet, Boxed $4.75.
POSTAL SCALES, 7V2C each!
$2.98Horserace game records, 30c ea.
$1.95 Men's silk ties, 12
1
/2C each!
PENCILS, 144 for 57
1
/2C!
69c Insect Repellent, 5c each!
CHRI STMASSEALS, 25c per 1000!
ENVELOPES, 50c per 1000!
35c DRESS PATTERNS, 3c each!
Calendar Wr ist Watches, $5.00 each!
$10 Men's Toiletry Sets, 60c each!
New Bobby Pins, 70c per 700!
$5.50 Lucite Hairbrushes, 65c each!
$1.75 Rudolph kidstoiletry sets, 35c.
NEW HAIRNETS, 1/2Ceach!
$1 Automatic Card Shufflers,
9c each.
39c Under Arm Deodorant, 2c jar!
25 card asst. Xmas cards, l lc box!
50c Everday greeting cards,7V2C box!
$200 Govt. Surpl usTypewr iters, $23.
$1-$3 Hard coveredbooks, 20c each!
49c Xmas window decorations,
lOc per set.
Famous Brand $18.75 Perfume, $1.
69c Insect Repellent, 5c each.
NewPhono Records, 45 & 78 RPM,
7c each.
BUTTONS, 144 for 25c.
CIGARETTE HOLDERS, lc each.
$1Kiddies Handbags, 3c each.
$1 Val. Billfolds, 15c each.
$2. 50 Wall ets, 30c each.
LADIES APRONS, each.
D.E. Razor Blades, $1.50 per 1000
blades.
$1 Mufflers, Scarfs, 12V2c each.
Plastic Toy Guns, 2c each.
25c Rudolph Reindeer brooches,
2c each.
$15 Electric Percolators, $5 each!
(Above bargain list merely ill ustr ates type of Bargains usually f oun d in th is paper. Lists Natura lly change from month to mon th.)
Look What Subscribers Are Saying!
PLUS HUNDREDS OF OTHER SENSATIONAL BUYS!
ONLY IN "BARGAINS" WILL YOU Find Every Month Similar-
BANKRUPT, CLOSEOUT, SURPLUS BARGAIN OFFERS. BARGAINS AT WHOLESALE
BELOW WHOLESALE RARE MONEY MAKING OFFERS New and Unusual Item Information
ONE issue of this SENSATIONAL Publication can make or save you MORE MONEY than the COST OF THE
ENTIRE SUBSCRIPTION! This is the ONLY Big National paper of this type in circulation! You'll be
AMAZED, FLABBERGASTED and DELIGHTED at the wonderful listings in every issue!
Toys, Books, Jewelry, Greeting Cards, Cosmetics, Household Mer-
chandise, Appliances, Industrial Materials, Machinery, Tools, etc.
Reg. Pr ice Is $3.00 per yea r, BUT YOU CAN STILL BUY 12 BIG ISSUES FOR $2. 001 Just 18c
per mont hl Sa ve you r self $ 1. 00 by subscribing now. AND SEE OUR AMAZING MONEY BACK
IF NOT PLEASED OFFER BELOWI Act Fast , this offer Is subject to wlthdrawol at ANY TIME!

TOWER PRESS, INC.
Box S91 , Lynn 881, Mass.
O. K. Her e' s my $2. 00 for 12 mo ISSUES. Rusb me
fI rs t copy l
BIG 1957 CHRISTMAS ISSUESI
You r suhscr lp t lo n will automa tlcs l1,. teetude the BIG
19 57 CHR IS T MAS I SS UES- Ju st In ti me f or t he b is:
h oli d a y season. Spectal Issues ja m med f u ll of a mazi ng
ho li d a y ba rga in s . I ma at ne be l nR' ab le to b uy $1. 0 0
worth of goods a t 1 5e . 2 5 c or 3 5c .
)t s HARD t o b eli eve. but IT' S TilE TRUTUI Terr ific
can eave vo u 4 0 0/,, 8 0 0/17 or more on ev ery
dollar yOU s pe nd !
Bargains as low as 10<25< on the Dollar !


gains" Is availah le b v ONl.Y . It' s t he
on l y pa per we know In e xtst ence t hat ectua nv 1I:<; t 8
Ba nk rupt . Closeou t. Surp l us o((er B eve rv mont h . Bar.
gai ns so r a r e a nd t erT lflc. you 'll b li nk your e ye ll In
a maze ment I
Your Money Back IN FULL
l
if thefFfr st Issue
Doesn't PleasEt., OU!
W e HONESTLY thi nk 11"11 pOll flllbJe f or yOU t o do thi s
w it h i n a )'e a r's ti m e . For PROOF . . . s ee t e stt mon tat
t e t t e r-e . . . or bette r sHH. PR OVE IT FOR YOU RSELF
BY SURSC RIB I NG.
MAKE FANTASTIC PROFITSI

offers In rnerch anrtts e AT LOW WHOI.ESAI.E PRI CES.
a nd t he n otters t h em t o s ubscrt ners on ly at NO
PHOfo' lT. P erm ita yo u t o buv a t d e a lers pr ice51 T h is
Is but ONE f eatu re of BARG AINSI
SAVE Up to SIOOO-EARN Up to S30001
BUY CHE AP-SELl. CHEAPI Th at" s w hy thou sand s of
smart sa lesmen. s tore owners. j obber-a, etc. bu y t h i s
pa pe r-I The v know wh ore t o buv at P RI CESl
NO REASON wh y YOU can' t "DO THP. SA" 1F.I xt a n v
articles. f eature s everv mont h show vou n O\V t o se ll
ba rg a ins for bi g p rofi t s-I( s-ou don 't k now how l
Here' What Subscribe rs sa y about
Afte, Receiving Thei, first cop iesl
" , Your book BARGA INS Is Just wo nderful an d I am
glad I sub scrib ed to It . " - H. K. Port Monmouth, N. J.
" . . . As a result of answering one of th e ad s (in Bargains)
it has resulte d In ext r a profi ts of $40.00 an d upwards per
month ." - J. H. Alabama.
" . . . Saw your wond erful pap er an d enjoye d every bit of Its
rf'ladi ng an d adv, It ' s a Great Pap er . " - M. S. Ver mont.
H I a m very plea sed with BA RGA I NS. I hav e never seen
any thl n'J like it and am looki ng forwa rd t o my future copies
es peciall y the Chri stmas editi on." - Mrs. O. M Maine.
" . . Receivf'd my first Issue of Ba roa i ns an d may I say It Is
a grea t magazin e." - M. H. C. Ala ba ma .
If I think BARGA I NS Is the be st merc han dise publicati on
I have ever seen (A nd I have seen hundr eds) ." - S. P. C.
Brooklyn . N. Y.

' shot in the arm' my busi ness needs ."- D. S. St . Albans. N.Y.
u I nave found your ma gazi ne very he lpful." - W. A. P.
Ogdensbur g. N. Y.
fl Received your pa per. Tha nk you very much. It Is one
of the fin est we have ever seen." - F. 0 . Iowa .
", . . I wa s th e recipient of my 1st coPy a few days a go.
I am comp let ely sa ti sfied with th e per iodical . I also wish t o
express my appreciati on t o you for having ma de t he magazi ne
ava il abl e to me. I sha ll be please d t o continue my SUbscription
as lan g as the mag azi ne is available." - W. S Was h.
" I have beer. a subscriber of your -Bargains' ma gazine tor
nearly a year. and very much ple ased with it. I wouldn't want
t o miss a copy of it. So I am sending In t he valuable coupon
y ou se n t me with $2.00 In ca sh. I am to g l ad to be one
of your sub serlbers;" - Mrs. E. L RlchmDnd. Ca lif .
PLUS MANY OTHERS!
THE AIlOVE LETTERS WERE NOT SOLICITED IN ANY
WAY OR MANNER-ALL ARE tN OUR OFFtCE FILES!
They are the enthusiastic reaction of subscribe r s
after seeing their first copies of BARGAINS!
x ame.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WHAT CAN YOU LOSE? If you are not delighted with your lst Issu e, you can ha ve your
money ba ck IN FULLI No quibbling about it either! CAN VIE MAKE A MORE :;': RAIGHT-
FORWARD OFFER THAN THIS?
Address
TOWER PRESS, Inc., Box 591, Lynn 881, lll ass,
Ci ty s t ste . . . . . .. .. .
Hem ember l Your :\Ioner Back IS F ULL If t he lit Is sue
that ro u r ecetee doesn' t pl ease r ou l
.._--_..