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Instrumentation Chapter 1 Ujian 1 (SMM 4222 - ?) SOALAN 1 a) Takrifkan pengukuran dan instrumentasi. (1 Markah) b) Huraikan kepentingan sistem instrumentasi.

. (2 Markah) c) Terangkan secara ringkas komponen utama suatu sistem instrumentasi dengan memberikan satu contoh praktikal yang sesuai. Sertakan lakaran di mana perlu. (3 Markah) d) Apakah itu kejituan dalam konteks sistem instrumentasi? Tuliskan tiga kaedah bagaimana kejituan dapat ditakrifkan. (2 Markah) SOALAN 2 a) Huraikan ciri dinamik bagi suatu sistem instrumentasi yang mempunyai sambutan tertib pertama terhadap masuika langkah. Nyatakan parameter terpenting (3 Markah) b) Mengapakah ciri-ciri di atas perlu dikaji? (1 Markah) Test 1 (SMJ 4222 - December 2004/4005) Question 1 a) Explain the difference between precision and accuracy b) Explain the need for instrumentation system in industry c) Suppose the temperature ranging from 200 to 1000C is linearly converted to standard current range of 3 to 20 mA. What temperature does 7.0 mA represent? What is the value of current for temperature of 650C? Test 1 (SMJ 4213 July 2004/2005) Question 2 1). Draw the block diagram of an instrumentation system and explain the function of different functional element. Identify the functional elements of a pressure measurement system 2) Static errors are generally of two types, given as: 3) Differentiate between accuracy and precision 4) Define the following terms: a) repeatability b) sensitivity c) resolution Final (SMJ 4213 July 2004/2005) Question 2 a) A temperature sensor has a static transfer function of 35 mV/0C and a time constant 1.25 second. If a step change of 240C to 520C is applied at t = 0 s, find the output

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measurement of the sensor at t = 0.5s, 1.25 s and 1.5 s. Find the temperature values at those times Final (SMJ 4222 December 20042005) QUESTION 1 a) What is instrumentation in measurement system? Describe with diagram three main components of measurement system [1 mark] b) Characteristic behaviour of an instrument can be grouped into three components which are operational characteristic, static characteristic and dynamic characteristic. State and describe dynamic characteristic of an instrument. [1.5 mark] e) A temperature transducer with a transfer function 0.4 mV/C has been used to measure temperature. The transducer has a first order response charatceristic and time response T is 1.6 s. Measurement happened in step function from 30 C to 90 C. Calculate the transducer output voltage at time 2 s, 4 s and 6 s after the measurement. [3 mark] Final (SMJ 4213 July 2005/2006) SECTION B (Answer any 2 questions) Question 3 a) List the operational characteristics of an instrument [3 marks]

Question 4 a) Discuss why instrumentation and measurement system is important in engineering context. [1.5 marks] b) With the aid of a diagram explain how each of these 3 transducers are used for measuring displacement Capacitive transducer Potentiometer LVDT [6 marks] c) In one project, a student used thermistor (RT) as a temperature transducer and a Wheatstone bridge as a signal conditioner with R2 = RT, voltage supply Vs and offset voltage V0. Draw a signal conditioner circuit for measurement of RT Derive the equation for RT from the bridge equation. [2.5 marks] Question 5 a) What is photoelectric transducer? Briefly discuss the four types of photoelectric transducer and how each of them works. [4 marks]

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b) What is operational amplifier or op-amps? With an input impedence of 2.6 k, show how op-amps can be used to provide a gain of +100 using both inverting and noninverting configurations. [3 marks] c) Discuss in detail the components of the control and instrumentation system of the measurement of liquid level system. Include sketch of the system and the block diagram in your description. [3 marks]

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