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SUBNETEO Y VLSM
NOMBRE
DOCENTE
MATERIA
Redes I
MODULO
#2
SEMESTRE
I / 2013
FECHA
OBJETIVO
Subneteo y VLSM
FUNDAMENTO TEORICO
Concepto VLSM
VLSM es una tcnica introducida en 1987 por la IETF en la RFC 1009 con el
objetivo de brindar mayor flexibilidad a la aplicacin de subredes.
La implementacin de VLSM permite a una organizacin dividir un nico sistema
autnomo utilizando ms de una mscara de subred, generando de esta manera
subredes de diferente tamao dentro de la misma red.
De este modo una red puede ser dividida en subredes de diferentes tamaos segn las
necesidades, e incluso crear subredes de slo 2 puertos para los enlaces WAN (con
mscaras de 30 bits).
El principio bsico es el siguiente:
En los sistemas tradicionales o classful:
Todos los dominios de broadcast de una red (subredes) utilizan la misma mscara
de subred.
Todos los dominios de broadcast de una red (subredes) pueden utilizar la misma o
diferente mscara de subred.
Javier Laime
Pgina 2
Subneteo y VLSM
Para que la red pueda beneficiarse con la agregacin de rutas, es importante tener
muy en cuenta el diseo topolgico junto al diseo lgico.
Procedimientos:
1. Listar de mayor a menor la cantidad de host que tienen cada red
2. Buscar una potencia de x de 2 que sea mayor a cada numero de host
3. Iniciar con la red por defecto escrita en decimal y binario, tomamos x bits de la
porcin de host y modificamos la mscara ajustndola a esta direccin IP
4. Cambiar el bit menos significativo de la porcin de red de tal forma que pase a la
red siguiente
5. Modificar la mscara de tal forma que se ajuste a la cantidad x de bits que tiene la
siguiente red
DESARROLLO PRCTICO
Subred
Central LAN 1
Central LAN 2
Host
8000
4000
13
12
255.255.11100000.00000000
255.255.11110000.00000000
32-13 = 19
255.255.224.0/19
256-224 = 32
10.24.0.0/19
32-12 = 20
255.255.240.0/20
256-240 = 16 + 32 =48
10.24.32.0/20
10.24.0.0/16
Javier Laime
Pgina 3
Javier Laime
Subneteo y VLSM
Pgina 4
TABLAS DE DIRECCIONAMIENTO
Subred
Central LAN 1
Central LAN 2
N-EAST LAN 1
N-EAST LAN 2
NW-BR1 LAN 1
NW-BR1 LAN 2
NW-BR2 LAN 1
NW-BR2 LAN2
SE-BR1 LAN 1
SE-BR1 LAN 2
SE-BR2 LAN 1
SE-BR2 LAN 2
SE-ST1 LAN 1
SE-ST1 LAN2
SE-ST2 LAN 1
SE-ST2 LAN 2
HQ/WEST
HQ/CENTRAL
HQ/EAST
WEST/N-WEST
WEST/S-WEST
N-WEST/NW-BR1
N-WEST/NW-BR2
EAST/N-EAST
EAST/S-EAST
S-EAST/SE-BR1
S-EAST/SE-BR2
SE-BR2/SE-ST1
SE-BR2/SE-ST2
Host
8000
4000
4000
4000
2000
2000
1000
1000
1000
1000
500
500
250
250
125
125
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Javier Laime
13
12
12
12
11
11
10
10
10
10
9
9
8
8
7
7
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
255.255.11100000.00000000
255.255.11110000.00000000
255.255.11110000.00000000
255.255.11110000.00000000
255.255.11111000.00000000
255.255.11111000.00000000
255.255.11111100.00000000
255.255.11111100.00000000
255.255.11111100.00000000
255.255.11111100.00000000
255.255.11111110.00000000
255.255.11111110.00000000
255.255.11111111.00000000
255.255.11111111.00000000
255. 255.11111111.10000000
255. 255.11111111.10000000
255. 255. 255.11111100
255. 255. 255.11111100
255. 255. 255.11111100
255. 255. 255.11111100
255. 255. 255.11111100
255. 255. 255.11111100
255. 255. 255.11111100
255. 255. 255.11111100
255. 255. 255.11111100
255. 255. 255.11111100
255. 255. 255.11111100
255. 255. 255.11111100
255. 255. 255.11111100
Subneteo y VLSM
32-13 = 19
32-12 = 20
32-12 = 20
32-12 = 20
32-11 = 21
32-11 = 21
32-10 = 22
32-10 = 22
32-10 = 22
32-10 = 22
32-9 = 23
32-9 = 23
32-8 = 24
32-8 = 24
32-7 = 25
32-7 = 25
32-2 = 30
32-2 = 30
32-2 = 30
32-2 = 30
32-2 = 30
32-2 = 30
32-2 = 30
32-2 = 30
32-2 = 30
32-2 = 30
32-2 = 30
32-2 = 30
32-2 = 30
10.24.0.0/16
255.255.224.0/19
255.255.240.0/20
255.255.240.0/20
255.255.240.0/20
255.255.248.0/21
255.255.248.0/21
255.255.252.0/22
255.255.252.0/22
255.255.252.0/22
255.255.252.0/22
255.255.254.0/23
255.255.254.0/23
255.255.255.0/24
255.255.255.0/24
255.255.255.128/25
255.255.255.128/25
255.255.255.252/30
255.255.255.252/30
255.255.255.252/30
255.255.255.252/30
255.255.255.252/30
255.255.255.252/30
255.255.255.252/30
255.255.255.252/30
255.255.255.252/30
255.255.255.252/30
255.255.255.252/30
255.255.255.252/30
255.255.255.252/30
256-224 = 32
256-240 = 16 + 32 =48
256-240 = 16 + 48 = 64
256-240 = 16 + 64 = 80
256-248 = 8 + 80 = 88
256-248 = 8 + 88 = 96
256-252 = 4 + 96 = 100
256-252 = 4 + 100 = 104
256-252 = 4 + 104 = 108
256-252 = 4 + 108 = 112
256-254 = 2 + 112 = 114
256-254 = 2 + 114 = 116
256-255 = 1 + 116 = 117
256-255 = 1 + 117 = 118
256-128 = 128
256-128 = 128+128 = 256
256-252 = 4
256-252 = 4 + 4 = 8
256-252 = 4 + 8 = 12
256-252 = 4 + 12 = 16
256-252 = 4 + 16 = 20
256-252 = 4 + 20 = 24
256-252 = 4 + 24 = 28
256-252 = 4 + 28 = 32
256-252 = 4 + 32 = 36
256-252 = 4 + 36 = 40
256-252 = 4 + 40 = 44
256-252 = 4 + 44 = 48
256-252 = 4 + 48 = 52
10.24.0.0/19
10.24.32.0/20
10.24.48.0/20
10.24.64.0/20
10.24.80.0/21
10.24.88.0/21
10.24.96.0/22
10.24.100.0/22
10.24.104.0/22
10.24.108.0/22
10.24.112.0/23
10.24.114.0/23
10.24.116.0/24
10.24.117.0/24
10.24.118.0/25
10.24.118.128/25
10.24.119.0/30
10.24.119.4/30
10.24.119.8/30
10.24.119.12/30
10.24.119.16/30
10.24.119.20/30
10.24.119.24/30
10.24.119.28/30
10.24.119.32/30
10.24.119.36/30
10.24.119.40/30
10.24.119.44/30
10.24.119.48/30
10.24.119.52/30
Pgina 5
Subneteo y VLSM
ZONA DE RED
Central LAN 1
Central LAN 2
N-EAST LAN 1
N-EAST LAN 2
NW-BR1 LAN 1
NW-BR1 LAN 2
NW-BR2 LAN 1
NW-BR2 LAN2
SE-BR1 LAN 1
SE-BR1 LAN 2
SE-BR2 LAN 1
SE-BR2 LAN 2
SE-ST1 LAN 1
SE-ST1 LAN2
SE-ST2 LAN 1
SE-ST2 LAN 2
DIRECCION DE RED
10.24.0.0/19
10.24.32.0/20
10.24.48.0/20
10.24.64.0/20
10.24.80.0/21
10.24.88.0/21
10.24.96.0/22
10.24.100.0/22
10.24.104.0/22
10.24.108.0/22
10.24.112.0/23
10.24.114.0/23
10.24.116.0/24
10.24.117.0/24
10.24.118.0/25
10.24.118.128/25
Javier Laime
1er IP VALIDO
10.24.0.1
10.24.32.1
10.24.48.1
10.24.64.1
10.24.80.1
10.24.88.1
10.24.96.1
10.24.100.1
10.24.104.1
10.24.108.1
10.24.112.1
10.24.114.1
10.24.116.1
10.24.117.1
10.24.118.1
10.24.118.129
ULTIMO IP VALIDO
10.24.31.254
10.24.47.254
10.24.63.254
10.24.79.254
10.24.87.254
10.24.95.254
10.24.99.254
10.24.103.254
10.24.107.254
10.24.111.254
10.24.113.254
10.24.115.254
10.24.116.254
10.24.117.254
10.24.118.126
10.24.118.254
BROADCAST
10.24.31.255
10.24.47.255
10.24.63.255
10.24.79.255
10.24.87.255
10.24.95.255
10.24.99.255
10.24.103.255
10.24.107.255
10.24.111.255
10.24.113.255
10.24.115.255
10.24.116.255
10.24.117.255
10.24.118.127
10.24.118.255
MASCARA
255.255.224.0/19
255.255.240.0/20
255.255.240.0/20
255.255.240.0/20
255.255.248.0/21
255.255.248.0/21
255.255.252.0/22
255.255.252.0/22
255.255.252.0/22
255.255.252.0/22
255.255.254.0/23
255.255.254.0/23
255.255.255.0/24
255.255.255.0/24
255.255.255.128/25
255.255.255.128/25
PUERTA DE ENLACE
10.24.119.6
10.24.119.6
10.24.119.29
10.24.119.29
10.24.119.21
10.24.119.21
10.24.119.25
10.24.119.25
10.24.119.37
10.24.119.37
10.24.119.41
10.24.119.41
10.24.119.45
10.24.119.45
10.24.119.49
10.24.119.49
Pgina 6
Subneteo y VLSM
ZONA DE RED
HQ/WEST
HQ/CENTRAL
HQ/EAST
WEST/N-WEST
WEST/S-WEST
N-WEST/NW-BR1
N-WEST/NW-BR2
EAST/N-EAST
EAST/S-EAST
S-EAST/SE-BR1
S-EAST/SE-BR2
SE-BR2/SE-ST1
SE-BR2/SE-ST2
Javier Laime
DIRECCION DE RED
10.24.119.0/30
10.24.119.4/30
10.24.119.8/30
10.24.119.12/30
10.24.119.16/30
10.24.119.20/30
10.24.119.24/30
10.24.119.28/30
10.24.119.32/30
10.24.119.36/30
10.24.119.40/30
10.24.119.44/30
10.24.119.48/30
PUERTA DE ENLACES
1er IP VALIDO
ULTIMO IP VALIDO
10.24.119.1
10.24.119.2
10.24.119.5
10.24.119.6
10.24.119.9
10.24.119.10
10.24.119.13
10.24.119.14
10.24.119.17
10.24.119.18
10.24.119.21
10.24.119.22
10.24.119.25
10.24.119.26
10.24.119.29
10.24.119.30
10.24.119.33
10.24.119.34
10.24.119.37
10.24.119.38
10.24.119.41
10.24.119.42
10.24.119.45
10.24.119.46
10.24.119.49
10.24.119.50
BROADCAST
10.24.119.3
10.24.119.7
10.24.119.11
10.24.119.15
10.24.119.19
10.24.119.23
10.24.119.27
10.24.119.31
10.24.119.35
10.24.119.39
10.24.119.43
10.24.119.47
10.24.119.51
MASCARA
255.255.255.252
255.255.255.252
255.255.255.252
255.255.255.252
255.255.255.252
255.255.255.252
255.255.255.252
255.255.255.252
255.255.255.252
255.255.255.252
255.255.255.252
255.255.255.252
255.255.255.252
Pgina 7
Subneteo y VLSM
Contenido
OBJETIVO............................................................................................................... 2
FUNDAMENTO TEORICO ...................................................................................... 2
Concepto VLSM ............................................................................................... 2
DESARROLLO PRCTICO .................................................................................... 3
TOPOLOGIA DEL CASO DE ESTUDIO ................................................................. 4
TABLAS DE DIRECCIONAMIENTO ....................................................................... 5
Javier Laime
Pgina 8