IP2Location Pocket Guide

Introduction_____________________________________________________________________
___

The IP2Location Pocket Guide gives the simple explanation of an IP address and its
related technology. It also shows you the basic IP address configuring and testing
commands for Windows, DOS, Linux and Unix.

A Simple Explanation on IP
Address_______________________________________________

What is an IP Address?

An Internet Protocol (IP) address is a numerical identification of logical address that

is assigned to devices participating in a computer network utilizing the Internet
Protocol for communication between its nodes. IP addresses are usually displayed
in human-readable notations, such as 208.77.188.166 (for IPv4) and
2001:db8:0:1234:0:567:1:1 (for IPv6).

The original designers of TCP/IP defined an IP address as a 32-bit number and this
system, now named Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4), is still in use today. A new
addressing system (IPv6) using 128 bits for the address was developed (RFC 1883)
due to the enormous growth of the Internet and the resulting depletion of the
address space.

The Internet Protocol also routes data packets between networks and IP addresses
specify the locations of the source and destination nodes in the topology of the
routing system.

IP Versions

The Internet Protocol (IP) has two versions and each version has its own definition of
an IP address. The generic term IP address still refers to the addresses defined by
IPv4.

IP version 4 addresses: IPv4 uses 32-bit (4-byte) addresses, which limits the
address space to 4,294,967,296 (232) possible unique addresses. IPv4 also reserves
some addresses for special purposes such as private networks or multicast
addresses.

IP version 6 addresses: IPv6 uses 128 bits (16 bytes) and provides the potential
for a maximum of 2128 new addresses space, or about 3.403 × 1038 unique

http://www.IP2Location.com
IP2Location Pocket Guide

addresses.

Static and Dynamic IP addresses

When a computer is configured to use the same IP address each time it powers up,
this is known as a Static IP address. Dynamic IP address refers to the computer's IP
address which is assigned automatically.

Uses of static addressing: Some infrastructure situations have to use static

addressing, when finding the Domain Name System host that will translate domain
names to IP addresses.

Uses of dynamic addressing: Dynamic IP addresses are most frequently assigned

on LANs and broadband networks by Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
servers. It avoids the administrative burden of assigning specific static addresses to
each device on a network and allows many devices to share limited address space
on a network.

IP Address Configuration & Testing

Commands___________________________________

Windows / DOS Linux Unix

ipconfig /all ifconfig ifconfig

Display full configuration Display current Display current
information. configuration for all NIC's. configuration for all NIC's.

ipconfig /release [adapter] ifconfig eth0 ifconfig dc0

Release the IP address for Display current Display current
the specified adapter. configuration for eth0. configuration for dc0.

ipconfig /renew [adapter] ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.2 ifconfig dc0 inet

Renew the IP address for Assign IP address 192.168.1.2 netmask
the specified adapter. 192.168.1.2 to eth0. 255.255.255.0
Assign IP/Subnet to dc0.

ipconfig /flushdns ifconfig eth0:0 route delete default &&

Purge the DNS Resolver 192.168.1.2 route add default

http://www.IP2Location.com
IP2Location Pocket Guide

cache. Assign multiple IP's to 192.168.1.1

eth0. Assign default gateway.

ipconfig /registerdns ifconfig eth0:1 ifconfig dc0:0 192.168.1.2

Refresh all DHCP leases 192.168.1.3 Assign multiple IP's to dc0.
and re-register DNS Assign second IP address
names. to eth0:.

ipconfig /displaydns route add default gw ifconfig dc0:1 192.168.1.3

Display the contents of 192.168.1.1 Assign second IP to dc0.
the DNS Resolver Cache. Assign default gateway.

ipconfig /showclassid ifconfig eth0 down ifconfig dc0 down

adapter Disable network interface Disable network card.
Display all the DHCP class card.
IDs allowed for adapter.

ipconfig /setclassid ifconfig eth0 up ifconfig dc0 up

adapter [classid] Enable network interface Enable network card.
Modify the DHCP class id. card.

control netconnections ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.2

Launch "Network netmask 255.255.255.0
Connections". Assign IP/Subnet to eth0.

netsetup.cpl route / route -n

Launch "Network Setup View current routing table.
Wizard".

ping www.ip2location.com arp / arp -n

Send ping packet to View arp cache
www.ip2location.com to
test network connectivity.

tracert ping -c 3
www.ip2location.com www.ip2location.com
Trace network route from Send ping packet to
desktop to www.ip2location.com to
www.ip2location.com. test network connectivity.

route traceroute

http://www.IP2Location.com
IP2Location Pocket Guide

Display and manipulate www.ip2location.com

network routing tables. Trace network route from
desktop to
www.ip2location.com.

netstat
Displays the TCP/IP
protocol sessions
tracepath
www.ip2location.com
Trace network path from
desktop to
www.ip2location.com.

arp host www.ip2location.com

Display resolved MAC DNS test using
addresses. www.ip2location.com.

hostname host 44.11.22.33

Display name of computer Reverse host lookup by IP
currently on. address.

dig www.ip2location.com
Advanced DNS test using
www.ip2location.com.

dig -x 44.11.22.33
Advanced reverse DNS
lookup by IP address.

About
IP2Location.com____________________________________________________________

IP2Location is a geo IP solution to help you to identify visitor’s geographical location,

i.e. country, region, city, latitude, longitude, ZIP code, time zone, connection speed,
ISP and domain name, IDD country code, area code, weather station code and name
using a proprietary IP address lookup database and technology without invading the
Internet user’s privacy. For more information please visit www.IP2Location.com .

http://www.IP2Location.com