Lesson 12: Switch-Case, Break; and Continue; - C Tutorial New lesson is up.

Ive composed this one, based on common examples where controls: break; and continue; are used. Another explanation on branching using switch case order is provided. Enjoy it! Hope youve noticed by now I also added some appendixes (more to be added soon); and for some time now, I post regular News regarding C++ Maniac homepage development. You can find these links in my sidebar.

Loop flow controls: break; and continue; C uses two different orders to control loops flow break escapes from the nearest outer loop continue inside while and do loop: switches program execution to test condition, inside for loop: switches program execution to for loop step and then to condition test (also applies for nearest outer loop) - this can sound little messy, so better check the examples

Example: Write your own program that tests if the given number is prime number.

#include <stdio.h>#include <math.h> void main() { int i, n, prime=1; // prime is true printf("Input natural number :"); scan f("%d", &n); for( i=2; i<= n-1; i++) { if( n % i == 0 ) { // also possible to state if(!(n % i)) prime =0 ; // prime is now false break; } } if( prime ) printf("%d is prime number !\n", n); else printf("%d isnt prime number!\n", n); }

Possible algorithm enhancements (decreasing number of loops iterations/repeats): It is enough to loop n/2 times, better, only till square root(n) (C function sqrt(n)) Test if the number is dividable with 2, and if it isnt, test inside loop if the number is dividable with odd numbers bigger than 2

Example: Write your own program that reads integers given by keyboard and applies following rule above them: if the given number is smaller than zero, program

should print error message and stop reading numbers. If the given number is bigger than 100, it should be skipped and program should read another number. All other numbers should be red and printed. Program must stop reading numbers when 0 or error shows up.

#include <stdio.h>void main() { int x; do { printf ("I nput number :\n"); scanf("%d", &x ); if (x < 0) { printf("Not allowed value\n"); break; /* escapes the loop */ } if (x > 100) { printf("Skipping the value\n"); continue; /* jumps to second iteration */ } printf ("Given number is : %d", x); } wh ile (x != 0);}

Branching condition order switch case Syntax: switch( expression ){ case const_expression1: case const_expression2: orders2;] . [default : oredersN;] } used instead of multisided if selection pay attention: if the keyword break isnt stated inside case block; program continues to next case block in the list! orders1; . . [

Example Program reads students grade given from keyboard (from 1 to 5) and prints its description. #include <stdio.h>void main() { int grade; printf ("Input grade :"); scanf("%d", & grade); switch (grade) { case 1: printf("Fall (F)\n");brea k; case 2: printf("Bad (D)\n");break; case 3: printf("Good (C)\n");break; case 4: prin tf("Very Good (B)\n");break; case 5: printf("Excellent (A)\n");break; default: printf ("You have inputted false grade\n"); break; // break isnt necessary here }} Pay Attention: If break; was to be left-out from every case block, for given grade 3 (example),

the result would be false and following: Good Very Good Excellent You have inputted false grade

Pay Attention: If the default block is last block in your switch order, then it isnt necessary to state break next to it. Pay Attention: Consequence of falling through case labels in lack of break order is that the same collection of orders is executed for more different case labels. Better explained, this allows the following code case a: NrOfVowels++; break; case e: NrOfVowels ++; break; case i : NrOfVowels ++; break; case o : NrOfVowels ++; break; case u: NrOfVowels ++; break; default : NrOfOthers++; break; } switch (letter) {

also to be written more shortly, in this way: switch (letter) { case a: case e: case i : ase o: case u: NrOfVowels ++; break; default : NrOfOthers++; break; } c

Technorati Tags: Increase, Natural Number, Switch, Break, Continue, Branch, PI

8 Responses to Lesson 12: Switch-Case, Break; and Continue; lash on 5:25 PM I realise English is not your native language, or it could be a typo, anyway I believe you mean "Fail" as opposed to "Fall". Otherwise this is a excellent tutorial. vurdlak on 6:51 PM thank you for your reply. acctually I ment "falling" as "going through the steps, falling from one to

another" but I realise it is pretty clumbsy sentence I composed... I will fix that stuart on 1:52 AM you made a very helpful tutorial, thankyou :) appreciat eit. its helped me in my assignment #1 for uni. btw, i think if english isnt your native language, you seem to speak it very well in code imho :) Steve on 5:40 AM Where can I get lessons 1-11? vurdlak on 3:23 PM Hehe, just use the sidebar links are there.. If you are using firefox its simple, but if you use Internet Explorer sidebar might be down nelow this comment box (screwed up?) Baby on 6:13 AM why there is nothing related c? John on 12:15 AM Hello Im looking for the syntax in C that allows me to enter a range in the case-expression. Like in: switch (i) { case #i going from 0 to 9# statements;break; case #i=10 OR i=20# statements;break; } Thanks! John zman on 10:10 PM John, this is a crude method but this might work for you switch (i) { case 1: case 2: case 3: .... case 9: case 0: do something ; break; case 10: case 20:do something ; break; }Posting your comment...